Gamma lalata: yanayin da radiation kaddarorin da dabara

Kowane mutum dole ne sun ji game da iri uku radiation - alpha, beta da gamma. Su duka bayyana a cikin tsari na rediyoaktif lalata kwayoyin halitta, kuma suna da kamar kowa fasali da kuma bambance-bambance. A mafi girma da hadari daukawa karshe irin radiation. Abin da shi ne?

Nature na rediyoaktif lalata

Don gane da cikakken Properties na gamma-lalace, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da yanayin da ionizing radiation. Wannan yana nufin cewa definition makamashi radiation na da irin sosai high - lõkacin da ta samun zuwa wani zarra, da ake kira da "manufa zarra", shi darkãke ta na'urar motsi tare da falaki. Lokacin da wannan manufa zarra ta wãyi gaskiya ma cajin ion (Saboda haka da radiation da ionizing aka mai suna). By UV ko IR radiation ne halin high makamashi.

A general, alpha-, beta- da gamma-ƙãrẽwa da kowa Properties. Daya iya tunanin zarra a matsayin karamin ƙwãya daga poppy. Sai electron kewayewa nufin kumfa kewaye da shi. Lokacin da alpha, beta da gamma lalace daga wannan zuriya ta tafi kankanin barbashi. A wannan yanayin, da makaman nukiliya cajin ya canjãwa, da kuma wannan yana nufin cewa wani sabon sinadari da aka kafa. Hancin gurtsun dabino dauki tare da giant gudu da kuma cuts a cikin electron harsashi da manufa zarra. Bayan rasa wani electron, sunadaran da manufa ta zama gaskiya ma cajin ion. Duk da haka, wannan sinadari ne guda, saboda ainihin manufa zarra kasance iri guda. A ionization tsari ne sinadaran halitta, kusan guda aiwatar daukan wuri a cikin hulda da wasu karafa da suke narkewa a acid.

Ina kuma da yake faruwa a γ-lalace?

Duk da haka, ionizing radiation auku ba kawai a lokacin rediyoaktif lalace. Su ma yakan faru a cikin nukiliya fashe da makaman nukiliya nukiliya. Rãnã da sauran taurari, kuma yana da za'ayi a cikin wani hydrogen bam fe haske nuclei tare da ionizing radiation. A kayan aiki ga X-ray, kuma barbashi accelerators , ma, wannan tsari ya auku. Babban dũkiyarku, wadda ne alpha, beta, gamma lalace - shi ne mafi girma da ionization makamashi.

Kuma da bambance-bambance tsakanin iri uku radiation ana ƙaddara da yanayinsu. Radiation aka gano a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Sa'an nan babu wanda ya san abin da wannan sabon abu. Saboda haka, iri uku radiation aka mai suna a cikin Latin haruffa. Gamma radiation aka gano a 1910 da wani masanin kimiyya mai suna Henry Gregg. Gamma lalace daga cikin wannan hali kamar yadda hasken rana, infrared haskoki, igiyoyin rediyo. A cewar da kaddarorin γ-haskoki ne a photon radiation, amma da makamashi dauke a cikin wadannan photons ne sosai high. A wasu kalmomin, wannan radiation tare da wani sosai short zango.

Da kaddarorin gamma haskoki

Wannan radiation ne musamman sauki su shiga ta hanyar wani cikas. A mafi m abu tsaye a hanya, don haka shi ne mafi alhẽri jinkirta. Mafi sau da yawa wannan dalili amfani gubar ko kankare Tsarin. A cikin iska, γ-haskoki ana iya shawo kan dama ko ma dubban mita.

Gamma lalace ne mai hadarin gaske ga mutane. Lokacin da za a iya lalace ta hanyar daukan hotuna da fata da kuma kayan ciki. Beta radiation za a iya kwatanta ta da harbi kananan harsasai, da kuma gamma - harbi needles. A lokacin da wani nukiliya flash, ban da gamma radiation, da kuma samuwar neutron fluxes. Gamma haskoki buga Duniya da cosmic haskoki. Bayan wadannan, shi daukawa ga Duniya, protons da sauran barbashi.

Effect na gamma haskoki a kan halittu

Idan muka kwatanta da alpha-, beta- da gamma-ƙãrẽwa, da karshen za su zama mai hatsari ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A yaduwa gudu daga irin wannan radiation ne daidai gudun haske. Shi ne saboda ta high gudun, shi da dama da sauri a cikin rai Kwayoyin, haddasa halaka su. Ta yaya?

A cikin hanyar γ-radiation bar wani babban adadin ionized kwayoyin halitta, wadda a nuna ionize sunadaran wani sabon tsari. Sel cewa an hõre iko da tasiri na gamma-radiation, an canja zuwa bangarori daban-daban na tsarin. Canza kama, suka fara zuwa lalata da kuma kashe shi da guba a jiki. Kuma mafi yawan 'yan mataki ne bayyanar m Kwayoyin, wanda ba zai iya yadda ya kamata yi ta ayyuka.

A cikin mutane, daban-daban gabobin da daban-daban digiri na ji na ƙwarai to gamma radiation. Gurbin dogara ne a kan kashi na ionizing radiation. A sakamakon haka, jiki na iya zama daban-daban jiki tafiyar matakai, gaji da damuwa da Biochemistry. Mafi m ne hemopoietic gabobin, Lymph, da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin, kazalika da DNA tsarin. Wannan daukan hotuna ne m ga mutane da kuma cewa da radiation accumulates a cikin jiki. Kuma shi yana da wani boye daukan hotuna lokaci.

Da dabara na gamma-lalace

Don lissafi da makamashi na gamma haskoki, za ka iya amfani da wadannan dabara:

E = hv = HC / λ

A wannan dabara, h - Planck ta m, v - gudun photon electromagnetic makamashi, c - gudu daga haske, λ - zango.