"Grad" tsarin - sama fushi

mahara jefa roka tsarin "Grad" da aka sani ko da wa waɗanda suka yi makamai da kayan aikin soji shi ne ba su da sha'awar. Shi ne kai tsaye magaji na soja daukaka na almara "Katyusha", wanda su ne forerunners na sabon zamanin ci gaban manyan bindigogi tsarin, embodies duk da muhimman hakkokin yi halaye muhimmi da bãyanta MLRS: kananan size, high motsi, da mamaki da ikon guda volley buga mahara hari a kan manya-manyan wuraren .

Daga cikin sosai farko Salvo "Katyusha", daga abin da ƙasã ke kanta ya tashi a kan ta Hind kafafu, da farkisanci hordes zo a Jihar tsoro, da kuma a wannan rana m roka launchers ne mafi kyau a duniya. A tsarin "Grad", ya shiga sabis a yanzu m 1963, ya maye gurbin da "Katyusha", kuma ya kasance mai asali da irin makami mai linzami da makamai na Soviet Army. Domin shekaru masu yawa, wannan amsawa tsarin bai sani ba daidai tsakanin kama-daban na kasashen waje da makami mai linzami.

Kafa cikin "Grad", ci gaban da aka amince da wani musamman umarnin da gwamnati a shekarar 1960, yana da wani asali zane dangane da tushen sabon, sun taba aka yi amfani da aikin injiniya da mafita. KOYON MRL tsunduma Nii-47, karkashin jagorancin talented makami zanen AN Gognichevym. "Grad" tsarin da aka tsara don maye gurbin wani rabu amfani da makami mai linzami tsarin BM-14.

Kamar yadda harsasai amfani da su shigar da 122-mm projectiles high-fashewar irin M-21-PF. A tsarin "Grad" da aka yi nufi ga kashe da wuraren taro na sojojin abokan gaba da kuma sulke motocin, manyan bindigogi da kuma turmi batura da dabaru raka'a, bunker defenses, kuma nodal maki na goyon baya. Wannan ne, da ikon yinsa, daga cikin wadannan shigarwa da aka sosai bambanta. A bukatar haifar da irin wannan tasiri da irin makamai a lokacin shibtarsu da siga adawa tsakanin siyasa da tsarin da kuma sakamakon "sanyi yaki."

A tsarin "Grad" kunshi wani shirin mai gabatarwa saka a kan tushe na truck Ural-375, wuta iko inji da kuma musamman motocin jigilar makamai da kuma caji. M gyare-gyare kamar yadda nada amfani da truck high giciye Ural-4320. Speed na motsi na wadannan makamai masu linzami ne har zuwa 90 km / h, wanda ya samar da musamman high motsi da kuma maneuverability.

A zamani tsarin na "Grad" sanye take da wani musamman atomatik jawo "Vivarium" hadaddun. Yana gobara unguided 122-mm projectiles. Domin bayani a kan wurin da dalilai da kuma yanayi na aiki kwamfuta tsarin, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na dukan baturi. By Samar da Aiki da kafuwa samar da wani volley na ashirin seconds, da kuma cooldown ne kawai bakwai minti. Ƙaddamarwa da harsasai ne da za'ayi na caji dandali na musamman zane. Staff harsasai da baturi kunshi uku volleys. Wannan shi ne quite isa ya hallaka kusan duk wani dalili.

Warhead MRL "Grad" wanda nufi - kuma da shiriya fara warheads kunshi arba'in tubular jagora tsawon 3 m da ganga huda diamita daidai 122,4 mm .. Takamaiman kuma a tsaye saiti da dako sanya wani musamman m lantarki drive.

Systems "Grad" tabbatar da kansu a lokacin da Afghanistan yaki a cikin Karabakh rikici da biyu Chechnya yakin. Wannan makami mai linzami tsarin ne mai babbar rare a kusan dukkanin kasashen Larabawa da kasashen Afirka inda yakin basasa sau da yawa zama kasãla, kuma m hali.