Graphite: yawa, Properties, aikace-aikace halaye da kuma iri daban-daban

Graphite ne wani abu da ya auku a cikin halitta. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin gyare-gyare na carbon, wanda aka halin takamaiman crystal raga. Wannan sa da kaddarorin mallaki by graphite. A yanayi, carbon da aka samu a cikin biyu main iri. Wannan graphite da lu'u-lu'u. Su sinadaran dabara ne m, amma jiki Properties ne matuƙa, daban-daban.

Shi ne da tsarin da crystal raga musababin wadannan halaye. Yana yana da free electrons da sanin da jiki Properties na abu. Graphite, yawa, irin da ikon yinsa, daga abin da suke sha'awa ga wani iri-iri na masana'antu, shi ne ya cancanci a duba a cikin mafi daki-daki.

key Properties

Graphite ne m al'amari tare da wani ƙarfe luster. Yana yana da babban thermal watsin (3.55 W / deg. / Cm). Saboda wannan graphite ne rayayye a yi amfani da daban-daban da masana'antu. Wannan shi ne mafi girma fiye da na tubalin, saboda da gaban mobile electrons a crystal raga. Sun kuma gabatar da mai kyau lantarki watsin. A duk jihohin tari wakili shi ne halin da a low juriya halin yanzu (0.4 zuwa 0.6 ohms).

Graphite ne inert abu wanda yake ba mai narkewa amsawa aka gyara. Wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai a lokacin da ta shiga cikin yanayi na narkakkar azurfa da wani babban tafasar batu. Graphite a irin wannan yanayi ne gaba daya narke, kafa carbides.

A low coefficient na gogayya da kuma wani babban narkewa batu sa mai kyau sealing quality. Graphite Yawa (kg / M3) ne 2,23. Amma wannan abu ne da lankwasa da kuma yanke.

tsarin

La'akari da abin da da yawa daga graphite, kazalika da dũkiyarsu da kuma ra'ayoyi, da shi wajibi ne don kula da ta tsarin. Wannan hanyõyi abu. Its carbon atoms shirya a wani crystalline raga, kama da wani saƙar zuma. Hexagons a guda Layer a kusa lamba tare da juna. Duk da haka, dangantakar dake tsakanin kowane matakin ne mai rauni. Wannan yanayin ya sa shi sauki karya da graphite.

Bisa ga Mohs taurin abu ne daidai da daya. A kwatankwaci da, lu'u-lu'u, wannan adadi ne 10, da kuma a stoneware - 5. A zazzabi na 1500 ° C, bisa ga bincike da masana kimiyya, da crystal raga na graphite yana tuba zuwa lu'u-lu'u.

A lokacin masana'antu aiki na canza tsarin da abu. A lokaci guda a cikin daban-daban maki na graphite an ƙaddara da unequal dukiya. Idan kayan da aka ba samar artificially sarrafa, da wata halitta irin abu.

halitta graphite

Graphite, yawa da kaddarorin abin da ya bambanta da yawa dangane da iri na manufacturer, a karkashin yanayi na faruwa a biyu main bambance-bambancen karatu. Nau'i na farko da aka kira da kyakkyawan. Yana yana da wani crystal raga a cikin abin da kwayoyin halitta a kowane rabin Layer aka located sama da kuma a kasa da cibiyar da heksagon.

Na biyu gyara - rhombohedral. Kowane hudu mayar da farko Layer. Wannan canji a yanayin da aka samu kawai a matsayin impurities. Idan abu ne mai tsanani a zazzabi na 2500-3300 K, sa'an nan ta crystal raga da aka canza kama zuwa hexagonal. Karkashin yanayi, da abu ne fiye da na kowa a cikin wannan tsari.

tsarin

A yanayi, da graphite da aka taba samu a cikin m form. Ya ƙunshi wani fairly manyan adadin ash (wani lokacin har zuwa 20%). Yana da aka hada da wani jam'i na daban-daban mahadi (FeO, MgO, CuO, Cao da kuma kama. D.). Don 2% by nauyi halitta graphite iya rike gas. Yana iya kuma zama ba a cikin bitumen da ruwa.

Da yawa daga cikin graphite foda dabam dangane da watsawa, gaban pores. The sama darajar za a iya rage zuwa 2.09 kg / m ^3. A touch of graphite kitse. Idan shi ne ya dauki makamai, da halayyar alama zai zauna a kan yatsun kafa. Saboda haka, daga irin wannan abu ga sandunansu samar da wani sauki fensir. Shi ya fita a sarari lamba a kan takarda.

wucin gadi graphite

Domin samar da matukar muhimmanci a la'akari da abin da yake da yawa daga graphite. Physics da shi a fili cewa mafi yawa daga cikin abu, da girma da watsin. Artificial graphite ne halin high tsarki (99%). Wannan ma da yawa qara yawa daga cikin kayan.

Production na tsarkake graphite ne da za'ayi ta thermomechanical da thermochemical effects. Domin kowane bangare, samar da wani abu ne kerarre da wani sa na halaye. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don saduwa da bukatun masana'antu a cikin jadawali mai ba jiki halaye.

Bai daya akan abubuwa tsari na wucin gadi, ya hada da wani rashin lafiya filin abu iri makõma. Bambanta da simintin, electro, baturi, cell, man shafawa fensir da graphite. Akwai kuma na musamman brands amfani da makaman nukiliya nukiliya.

bigiren

A yi na wasu kayyade Properties na graphite. этого вещества полностью зависит от них. A amfani da wannan abu ne gaba daya dogara a kan su. Graphite da ake amfani a metallurgy a yi na mai tsaurin siffofi ko buckets, kwantena. Lokacin da zaben 'yan wasa aiwatar wakilta foda abu da ake amfani da matsayin man shafawa. Daya daga cikin aka gyara daga cikin tsaurin tubali ne ma graphite. Yana da aka kara wa cakuda a yi robobi.

Domin yi na lantarki lambobi ana amfani da wannan abu. Wannan yana yuwuwa ta conductive Properties daga cikin abu.

Graphite pencils an san, watakila, ga kowa da kowa. Wannan abu ne ma amfani a yi na wasu iri Paints. A wannan yanayin, shi ya shafi cikin baki (ba m) graphite. A Paint yana da anti-lalata kaddarorin.

Daga cikin gabatar halitta ma'adinai shirya wucin gadi Diamonds. Suna amfani a yi nauyi-taƙawa sabon kayan aikin. A aikin injiniya graphite foda abubuwa a matsayin abu don bearings da kuma fistan zobba da hatimi zobba. A wani man shafawa da shi ne ya dace domin lura da keke, sarƙoƙi da mota marẽmari ƙofar hinjis.

Ko da a cikin abun da ke ciki na da yawa kwayoyi za a iya samu graphite.

Aikace-aikace a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci

A halin yanzu abu ne kuma yadu a yi amfani da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Don yin wannan, samar da shi ne hõre wasu jiyya. The yawa na baƙin ƙarfe, ethanol, graphite da kuma sukari, saboda wasu dalilai, shi ne daban-daban. Amma abu gabatar iya ko dai dauke da ko sun dauki wasu abubuwa. Yana da aka saka a paraffin, ester, barasa da kuma ko da sugar.

Wannan za a iya gani idan ka rike wani uncomplicated kwarewa. Da farko kana bukatar ka yi wani yanki na sukari. An sanya a kan wani m murfin kuma cover hula (na iya zama wani shafi). Sa'an nan kuma, a karfe wanda aka rufe da sukari, karfi mai tsanani. Daga karkashin shafi zai ƙarshe da za a saki acrid hayaki. Idan ka sa a haske wasan zuwa gare shi, da gas za su ƙone.

Lokacin da hayaki zai gushe tsaya a waje, za ka iya hayan shafi. A kan murfin ne mai baki taro. Wannan ci. Yana wakiltar wani carbon, kuma wanda ya ƙunshi graphite.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin

которого зависит от его чистоты, находится в природе в довольно больших количествах. Graphite, wanda yawa dogara a kan ta tsarki, da aka samu a cikin yanayi a fairly manyan yawa. Shekara-shekara samar da game da 600 da dubu. Ton na dũkiyõyinsu a cikin duniya. The most hannun jari sun mayar da hankali a Mexico, da Jamhuriyar Czech, China, Ukraine, Brazil, Rasha, Canada da kuma Koriya ta Kudu.

Tun zamanin da, da graphite ajiya taso da amfani ga dan Adam. Yau, wadannan albarkatun da ake ci gaba don tabbatar da masana'antu kayan da ake so Properties. Graphite samu a dutse, farar ƙasa kankara, gneiss ko Mica matsayin fibrous ko crystalline inclusions. Mining ne da za'ayi bude rami da karkashin kasa da hanyoyin.

A kudin graphite

и чистота которого влияют на его стоимость, сегодня реализуется по достаточно приемлемым ценам. Graphite, yawa, kuma tsarki shafi da darajar yau aka sayar a quite m farashin. A wannan rinjayar da size da ta lu'ulu'u da carbon. A mafi girma shi ne, da mafi tsada ne graphite. A isasshe high carbon ciki qara jiki Properties na kayan. Wannan shi ne m ga masana'antu da dama masana'antu.

Yau, da talakawan kudin graphite ne game da 45 rubles. / Kg. Idan artificially bi da, da kudin da aka ƙwarai karu. Har ila yau, farashin halitta ma'adinai ajiya dogara da wuri.

Bayan bita da asali dũkiyarsu da kuma halaye na graphite, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa a ranar da yawa dogara a kan duka kudin da fasaha ingancin littattafai. Saboda haka, samar da sauƙi abin da ke faruwa ma'adinai shi ne batun kara aiki. Wannan inganta da inganci.