Kira generative gabobin, wanda ci gaba ... generative gabobin da tsire-tsire

A tsarin da kowane sashen shuka ne saboda kwaikwayon na wasu ayyuka. Kuma kowane daga cikinsu ya aikata wani rawa, wanda yana da muhimmanci sosai a gare su.

Mene ne jiki

Jikin ne sashi na jiki, wanda yana da wani tabbataccen tsarin, bautar wani wuri, kuma ya aikata aikin takamaiman ayyuka. Yana dole ne kunshi dama iri kyallen takarda. Alal misali, zuciya da aka hada da tsoka da kuma connective da takardar - daga murfin, da kuma conductive core.

Vegetative da generative gabobin da tsire-tsire

Dangane da ayyuka yi da akwai wani tabbataccen rarrabuwa daga wadannan sassa na shuka kwayoyin. Don haka ya kira generative gabobin, wanda ci gaba sel haihuwar - gametes. Su ne mace (kwai) da kuma namiji (maniyyi). A karshen bambanta daga maniyyi cewa ba zai iya matsawa da kansa. Ga hadi, suna bukatar iska ko ruwa.

Generative gabobin yi jima'i haifuwa aiki. Vegetative, wanda sun hada da wani tushen da kuma harba, samar da ci gaba, abinci mai gina jiki inorganic da kwayoyin abubuwa.

Tsere da gyare-gyare

A sama-ƙasa ɓangare na shuka kira wani mafaka. Da farko, shi ne ya wakilci da axis - tushe. Harbe bambance bambancen a form: kafa, rarrafe, hawa, jingina ... ga axis a haɗe ganye. Don yin ƙarin ayyuka, kamar ruwa ajiya, kariya, vegetative yaduwa, wasu harbe na shuke-shuke za a iya modified. Misalan irin Tsarin suna Iris rhizome, tafarnuwa kwan fitila, tuber Urushalima artichoke ƙaya, ko da zangarniya.

Vegetative da generative gabobin yi su ayyuka a wani m jummai. Bayan duk, don ci gaban da tsaba da 'ya'yan itace ripening zama dole na gina jiki da cewa photosynthesize a cikin ganye da kuma jiƙa tushen daga ƙasa.

tushen

Wannan karkashin kasa jiki tam riqe da shuka da kuma ne ke da alhakin ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki. Ruwa, wanda shi ne tsakanin ƙasa barbashi qunshi ions da karafa da kuma anions. Su ne a bukata kafun ga ci gaban da a shuka kwayoyin. Wadannan abubuwa na conductive masana'anta zo up - da zangarniya kuma ganye. Wannan motsi da aka kira da tashin halin yanzu. Amma glucose, wanda aka kafa a cikin ganye, motsa zuwa saman. Wannan halin yanzu ake cewa zuwa ƙasa.

Karkashin kasa Authority ma suranta gyare-gyare. Saboda haka, tushen da karas da kuma bishiyar asparagus klubnekoren stockpile dole abubuwa. Majajjawa aiwi ya yale shi ya girma zuwa mai gaba daya a tsaye surface, da kuma na numfashi orchid tushen ne iya sha danshi daga cikin iska.

Generative gabobin da flowering shuke-shuke

Bright da kuma kyawawan furanni sun dade a fi so kayan ado da kyautai domin wani lokaci. Bayan da na gani kyawawa na aiwatar suna da za'ayi a jima'i haifuwa na shuke-shuke. Generative gabobin da tsire-tsire ne ma da tsaba. Sun dauke da wani tayi, wanda a kan lokaci ya jũya a cikin wani adult shuka.

Kamar yadda ya kira generative gabobin, wanda ake tasowa jam sel, da 'ya'yan ma nasa ne wannan kungiya. Shi ya kare da tsaba daga kufan m yanayi, da yawan zafin jiki bambanci taimaka wa su rarraba.

flower

Generative gabobin bayyana na wannan sunan da kodan. Its raya fara a cikin spring, a lokacin da duration na hasken rana hours qara muhimmanci. Kuma da furanni bayyana kafin ganye.

Generative gabobin na flower, ko kuma wajen ta bangare, gabatar da wani pestle da stamens. Wannan da suka ci gaba da bi namiji da mace gametes. Bright petals, da totality of wanda ake kira da Halo, bukatar jawo hankalin kwari da cewa gudanar da wani pollination tsari. Lower, kumbura ɓangare na flower - da matattarã ba. Don shi hašawa carpels. Su tarin aka kira wani kofin.

A furanni ne quite bambancin a tsarin halaye, wanda ya dogara a kan halaye na pollination. Idan aka yi da iska, su sau da yawa ba su da perianth - corolla kuma calyx. Ko shi ne kadan. Wannan shi ne na musamman na'urar, wanda nufin kama da pollen. Kuma da furanni da kansu su ne kananan, inconspicuous, ba tare da wari, kuma Nectar dandano. Su pollen ne haske, sako-sako da, a da yawa na ci gaba a cikin iska. A furanni suna tattara a cikin dogon inflorescences swaying a cikin iska.

Idan pollination da aka yi ta hanyar kwari don jawo hankalin su, a maimakon haka, muna bukatar haske launuka, manyan inflorescences da entailing dandano.

A sakamakon haka, blooming 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa. Suna classified bisa ga yawan tsaba da kuma pericarp tsarin. Alal misali, wani apple da kuma wani polyspermous succulent da kwayoyi - bushe da seeded. Kowane irin yana da wani takamaiman fetal na'urar for yada zuriya. Lionfish ash kuma Maple ɗauke da iska, a fall da kuma billa oak chestnut tsaba. Da taimakon dabbobi yada dadi da kuma m 'ya'yan itace.

Mene ne wani biyu hadi

Hadi - shi ne aiwatar da tattara abubuwa masu kyau na gametes. A fasalin da wannan tsari a cikin flowering shuke-shuke (angiosperms) shuka shi ne cewa an riga da pollination - da canja wurin da pollen daga anther da stigma na pistil stamens. Yana iya zama da sauƙi - by iska ko kwari - ko mutum - tare da taimakon mutumin.

Da zarar kan stigma na pistil, biyu maniyyi ta hanyar yin amfani da jam tube saukar zuwa ta ƙananan Extended part - kwai. Daya daga cikin su fertilizes da kwai. A sakamakon wannan tsari ne da tayi. Yana da dukan siffofin da ya fara tasawa kwayoyin, kuma kunshi tayi tushen, plumule, kara da ganye.

Na biyu maniyyi fertilizes da tsakiyar jam cell, kuma akwai wata kayayyakin gina jiki - endosperm. Yana kewaye da amfrayo da kuma tare da shi Forms wani iri. A karkashin sharadi gwargwado, shi germinates.

Seed da tsarinta

Kira generative gabobin a wadda gametes ana ci gaba, da kuma iri ne sakamakon hadewar gametes. Saboda haka, shi ma nasa ne wannan kungiya. Vegetative da generative gabobin da tsire-tsire suna kafa saboda shi.

A peculiarities na da tsarin da iri na duk flowering shuke-shuke suna hade a cikin azuzuwan biyu: monocots da dicots. Shiga, wanda shi ne tushen wannan rarrabuwa, - da yawan cotyledons a cikin tayi na zuriya. Domin monocots ne duk mambobi ne na iyali na hatsi da kuma albasa. Na biyu rukuni ne mafi yawa. Yana Rosaceae, Solanaceae, legumes, cruciferous, da kuma sauran bitmap. Bugu da kari a cikin tsarin da iri na wadannan azuzuwan bambanta a cikin tsarin da tushen tsarin, leaf irin, gaban gefe na ilimi masana'anta na rayuwa siffofin.

juyin halitta hanya

Ba duk tsire-tsire da tsaba. A mafi m - algae - suna iya samar da kawai rigingimu - Kwayoyin na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. A mafi girma spore a lifecycle akwai wani canzawar zamaninsu. jima'i haifuwa Kwayoyin ne na musamman gabobin - gametangia. A shuka a kan wanda suke located, kuma akwai wata jima'i tsara. Tattara abubuwa masu kyau da nau'i-nau'i, sai suka samar da wani zygote - kwan da ya hadu. Daga shi ci gaba sporophyte - asexual ƙarni, forming guda-celled spores. Kuma haka shi ne maimaita a ko'ina cikin rayuwa da shuka.

Kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa generative gabobin ake kira, a cikin abin da suka ci gaba a gametes a gymnosperms irin wannan tsarin ne bumps. Kuma ga maza shi ya ƙunshi pollen, da kuma mace - da kwai. Wannan mazugi ne da samuwar da kuma ci gaban tsaba. Lokacin da wani curi ne cikakke, shi ne wahayi. A shuke-shuke da temperate latitudes shi yakan auku a cikin hunturu. A tsaba fada kai tsaye a kan dusar ƙanƙara da damar germinate su ba sosai.

A wani hanya, wannan shi ne yanayin a angiosperms (flowering shuke-shuke). Kan aiwatar da hadi faruwa suna da, a cikin flower, wanda kafa da tsaba da kuma pericarp. Yana hidima a matsayin dogara da kariya da kuma tushen ikon domin nan gaba, na balagaggun kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne mafi m tsarin halin yanzu data kasance a cikin yanayi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa 'yan wannan kungiya na tsire-tsire ne mafi yawa.

Saboda haka, generative gabobin da tsire-tsire masu flower, 'ya'yan itace da iri. Su bayyanar shi ne na sosai bayar da muhimmanci. Lalle ne, godiya ga ikon jima'i haifuwa kwayoyin saya sabon halaye da cewa su taimake su daidaita da wa sabon, har abada-canza muhalli da yanayi.