Kira gas - man fetur na gaba

Ba dukkan kasashen arzikin albarkatu. Kuma idan rashin da kansa aikin hakar zinari da lu'u-lu'u mahakar iya kawai tada, gaban hydrocarbon adibas ne sau da yawa tambaya na dakushe albarkar da ke jihar, musamman a wartime. Rich kwarewa a samar da ersatz (canza) ya samu a farkon rabin karni na ashirin da Jamus.

Tuni a 1915, Jamus U-jirage sa Birtaniya a cikin wani wuya sosai matsayi, da hana samar da "jini yaki" a kan tsibirin. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jamus da aka a wani kasa wuya matsayi, musamman bayan da asarar da Romanian filayen man fetur. Yana da jũna a little more, da kuma capitulation ya makawa. Tankuna, da jirgin sama, jiragen ruwa da kuma submarines ba zai iya shiga cikin fama gudanar, babu abin da zai cika, amma yaki ya ci gaba domin da yawa tsawon watanni. Coal, wanda aka mined a Reich yawa tabbatar dace albarkatun kasa domin samar da roba hydrocarbons, shugaban jarumawan wanda ya kira gas.

Brilliantly horar da talented Jamusawa masana kimiyya tun kafin yaki tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da wannan batun. Franz Fischer, shugaban Cibiyar Kaiser-Wilhelm, har ma a 1926 shekara buga kimiyya aiki a kan kai tsaye kira na hydrocarbons a yanayi matsa lamba, ba kawai hakikanta wannan yiwuwar, amma ya tabbatar da ta fasaha da samuwa. A kira gas samu a sakamakon da hydrogen rage dauki na CO a gaban tsara abubuwa, kamar cakuda tutiya oxide da baƙin ƙarfe, ko chromium oxide -cobalt mikawa a zazzabi na 270 digiri Celsius. Irin wannan tsari yana tafiya ne a yarda da neman gaseous, ruwa da kuma m methane homologues.

A fim Tarihi wartime iya, wani lokacin ga wani gas mota da cewa gudanar a ... itace. Eh, janareta, motor feed gas cakuda aka gwada da m, kuma ya fitar da cikin mota, shi ya isa ya dauki gatari, kuma zuwa kusa gandun daji.

A sunadarai fili na carbon monoxide da hydrogen H2 kwayoyin, Ina nufin kira gas iya za'ayi ba kawai ci, amma kuma daga duk wani carbon dauke da feedstock. A tsari kira Fischer-Tropsch kira, sunayen da? Ir. A lokacin bazawa sun sauran hanyoyin da shirya kwayoyin man fetur daga ci, wucewa da kira gas. A wannan Jamus Bergius samu fetur daga ci a 1911, amma shi ya fi da wuya a aiwatar da fasaha.

Kamar a baya aiki, wannan nasara ne sakamakon warware matsalolin da fuskantar da arzikin masana'antu da kuma sojoji a kasar wanda ya ba da damar yin halitta hydrocarbons.

A postwar shekaru, da samar da kira gas dan lokaci rasa ta munasaba. Interest a cikin wannan fasahar da aka koma a farkon seventies na karni na ashirin, a lokacin da akwai wani abin da ake kira "mai rikicin", wanda ya zama sakamakon da m karuwa a farashin na man fetur da OPEC kasashen.

Ba tare da wani shakka, da kwarewa samar da hydrocarbons daga albarkatun kasa za su zama ƙara rare kamar yadda depletion na albarkatun, musamman man fetur da kuma iskar gas, wanda darajar a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin sinadaran masana'antu a yau ne har yanzu underestimated. Lokacin da wani DI Mendeleev gwada su yi amfani da matsayin makamashi kafofin tare da konewa banknotes.