Gravitational auka. Neutron taurari. baki ramuka

A sarari, akwai mutane da yawa da ban mamaki abubuwa masu haifar da sabon taurari sun bayyana, bace da haihuwa da kuma samar da baki ramukan. Daya daga cikin manyan kuma m mamaki a cikin ni'imar gravitational auka, wanda ya kammala da ci gaba na taurari.

Gagarumi juyin halitta - shi ya musanya sake zagayowar tafiya da tauraron a lokacin da ta zama (miliyoyin ko biliyoyin shekaru). Lokacin da hydrogen cikinta ƙare, kuma ya jũya zuwa helium, helium tsakiya da aka kafa, da kuma sarari abu fara canza a cikin ja giant - marigayi-type taurari, wanda yana da babban luminosity. Da nauyi na iya wuce 70 sau da taro na rãnã. Very mai haske supergiants ake kira wuce-wuri Refayawa. Bugu da kari a high haske, suna da wani gajeren lokaci na zama.

Jigon da rushewar

Wannan sabon abu ne a dauke su karshen batu na ci gaba da taurari wanda nauyi ne fiye da uku da hasken rana talakawa (Sun nauyi). Wannan darajar da aka yi amfani da ilmin taurari da kimiyyar lissafi domin sanin nauyin da sauran cosmic jikinsu. Rushewar auku a cikin hali a lokacin da gravitational sojojin sa babban cosmic jikin manyan taro sosai da sauri ƙunci.

A taurari nauyin fiye da uku da hasken rana talakawa da isasshen kayan ga m Fusion halayen. Lokacin da abu ƙare, tsaya a nan, kuma da thermonuclear dauki, kuma taurãri gushe ba sunã a mechanically barga. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa sun kasance a supersonic gudu fara ji ƙyama ga cibiyar.

neutron taurari

Idan taurãri aka matsa, shi take kaiwa zuwa ciki matsa lamba. Idan shi ke tsiro tare da isasshen karfi wajen dakatar da gravitational ƙanƙancewa, shi ya zama mai neutron star.

Irin matsanancin jiki yana da sauki tsarin. Yana da aka hada da wani core, wanda yake rufe da haushi, da kuma shi, bi da bi, an kafa na electrons da atomic nuclei. Its kauri ne kamar 1 km kuma shi ne gwada da bakin ciki a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da sauran jikinsu, abin da ke faruwa a cikin sarari.

Weight neutron taurari ne Sun nauyi. Bambanci tsakanin su ta'allaka ne da cewa radius na kananan - ba fiye da 20 km. Tu su amsa da juna atomic nuclei, game da shi, kafa, makaman nukiliya al'amarin. Yana da aka matsin lamba daga ta jam'iyyar ba ya bayar da wani neutron star ji ƙyama kara. Wannan star irin halin da sosai high rotational gudun. Sun iya yin daruruwan juyin da daya na biyu. Ya fara aiwatar da haihuwa na wani supernova, wanda ya auku a lokacin da gravitational rushewar wani star.

supernovae

Supernova ne sabon abu Star ba zato canji na haske. Next, da star fara sannu a hankali da kuma hankali gushe. Kamar wancan ƙare karshe mataki na gravitational auka. All cataclysm tare da wani babban adadin kuzari.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mutane na Duniya iya ganin wannan sabon abu ne kawai bayan gaskiyar. Hasken kai duniya bayan wani dogon lokaci bayan barkewar faru. Yana ne dalilin da matsaloli a kayyade yanayin supernovae.

Sanyaya na neutron taurari

Bayan ƙulli daga cikin gravitational matsawa, a cikin abin da wani neutron star kafa, ta zafin jiki ne sosai high (ya fi yadda da yawan zafin jiki na Sun). Star cools ta hanyar neutrino sanyaya.

A cikin'yan minti, su zazzabi iya fada da 100 sau. Kan gaba, shẽkara ɗari - ko da sau 10. Bayan Star luminosity rage-rage ta sanyaya tsari ne ragae saukar da yawa.

Oppenheimer-Volkoff iyaka

A daya hannun, wannan adadi ya nuna matsakaicin yiwu nauyin wani neutron star a wanda nauyi ne sakamakon neutron gas. Yana ba ya ba da wata dama ta kawo karshen bayyanar gravitational rushewar wani baki rami. A daya hannun, da ake kira da iyaka-Oppenheimer Volkova ne duka biyu ƙananan dokin nauyi baki ramuka da aka kafa a lokacin gagarumi juyin halitta.

Saboda yawan rashin daidaito yana da wuya a tantance ainihin darajar da wannan siga. Duk da haka, shi ne a zaci cewa shi ne a cikin kewayon daga 2.5 zuwa 3 Suns. A wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya ce cewa heaviest neutron star ne J0348 + 0432. Its nauyi ne mafi girma daga biyu hasken rana talakawa. The nauyi na lightest baki rami ne 5-10 hasken rana talakawa. Astrophysicists ce cewa wadannan bayanan ne gwaji da kuma amfani ne kawai ga halin yanzu da aka sani neutron taurari da kuma baki ramukan, da kuma bayar da shawarar da yiwuwar kasancewar mafi m.

baki ramuka

The black rami - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki mamaki cewa faruwa a sarari. Yana da wani yankin na sarari-lokaci a cikin abin da gravitational janye ba da damar wani abu to, ka fita daga gare ta. Bar shi ba zai iya ko jiki, wanda zai iya motsa a gudun haske (ciki har da photons haske). Har 1967, black ramukan, da ake kira "daskararre taurari," "collapsar" da "rushewarta star."

A wani baki rami ne m. An kira wani farin rami. Kamar yadda muka sani, daga black rami zai yiwa a tsere. Amma ga fari, sa'an nan suka ba za a iya shiga.

Baya daga cikin gravitational auka, sa da samuwar wani baki rami iya durkushe a tsakiyar galaxy ko protogalactic ido. Akwai kuma ka'idar cewa baki ramuka ne sakamakon da Big Bang, kazalika da wannan duniya tamu. Masana kimiyya kira su primary.

A mu galaxy, akwai daya baki rami, wadda bisa ga astrophysicists, aka kafa daga gravitational rushewar supermassive abubuwa. Masana kimiyya sun ce wadannan ramuka samar da zuciyar sa na taurari.

Masana ilmin na Amurka bayar da shawarar cewa girman da babban baki ramuka iya muhimmanci underestimated. Su zaton su ne bisa hujjar cewa ya isa taurari na gudun da abin da suka motsawa ta cikin galaxy M87 located miliyan 50 haske shekaru daga wannan duniya tamu, da taro na baki rami a tsakiyar galaxy M87 dole ne a kalla biliyan 6.5 da hasken rana talakawa. A lokacin, kamar yadda aka zaci cewa da nauyin da babban baki rami ne biliyan 3 hasken rana talakawa, wanda shi ne fiye da biyu sau kasa.

Kira na baki ramuka

An ka'idantasu cewa wadannan abubuwa za su iya bayyana a sakamakon nukiliya halayen. Masana kimiyya sun ba su da sunan jimla baki kyauta. Su m diamita na 10 ^-18 m, kuma mafi karami nauyi - 10 ^-5 gari

The Manyan Hadron Collider aka gina don kira na microscopic baki ramukan. Yana da aka zaci cewa, tare da shi za su yiwu ba kawai haduwa da baki rami, amma kuma canzawa da Big Bang, wanda zai sake aiwatar da kafa wani jam'i na sarari abubuwa, ciki har da duniyarmu. Duk da haka, da gwaji kasa, saboda da ikon haifar da baki ramukan ba su isa ba.