Biotic dalilai, rarrabuwa na biotic dalilai

The kalmar "biotic" (daga Girkanci - biotikos) fassara rayuwa. Yana da muhimmanci ga manufar "biotic factor". A mafi general nau'i na wannan category SF suturta sa na yanayi da kuma sigogi da suke zaune muhallin da cewa kai tsaye shafi da harshen damo na kwayoyin. Shahararren Soviet masanin kimiyya da kuma dabbobi VN Beklemishev classified duk biotic muhalli dalilai cikin hudu main kungiyoyin:

- Topical dalilai - wadanda dangantaka da canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kanta.

- trophic - Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da faye hali da yanayi da abinci kwayoyin.

- fabricheskie - dalilai characterizing fabricheskie sadarwa a wanda daya irin kwayoyin amfani da wata irin kwayoyin (ko sassa daga gare ko rayuwa kayayyakin) a matsayin yi abu.

- foricheskie - hade da motsi na kwayoyin na daya irin kwayoyin da wani jinsin.

Yawanci, da mataki na dalilai dauke bayyana a matsayin hulɗar tsakanin kwayoyin a cikin matsakaici, da kuma rinjayar da suka exert a kan juna. An muhimmanci bayyanuwar mataki biotic factor ne hanyar gabã ɗaya kwayoyin shafi muhalli. Wannan sakamako ne mafi tsallaka bayyana biotic muhalli dalilai.

A cikin sa na hulɗar tsakanin kwayoyin, saturating muhalli, shi ne dangantakar da cewa za a iya raba kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba. Bugu da kari, da rarrabe dangantakar intraspecific da interspecific. A cikin farko case, mun yi la'akari da hulda da nasa sakamakon daga cikin mabiya daya jinsin, wadda aka halin da intraspecific gasar da kungiyar illa da kuma taro mamaki. Interspecies dangantaka, kamar yadda mai mulkin, suna sosai bambancin da kuma daidai da musamman fadi da kewayon interactions. Wadannan dangantakar, saboda su bambancin, suna kasu wadannan iri:

- neutrality - da irin wannan dangantaka a cikin abin da biotic factor kayyade gaba daya tsaka tsaki (ba kawo wani amfãni, ko cũta) da hulda tsakanin kwayoyin.

- sinoykiya - da irin wannan dangantaka, a cikin abin da wani wakilin daya irin kwayoyin yana amfani da wani ga Popular gidajensu, ba tare da bada wani takamaiman cuta. Wannan irin aka kuma kira kvartirantstvom ko cohabiting.

- Gasar - wannan shi ne zalla antagonistic dangantaka cewa faruwa tsakanin kwayoyin a cikin wani takamaiman mazauninsu da kuma hulda da juna da kuma da cewa yanayi. Akwai kai tsaye gwagwarmayar "wani wuri a karkashin rana", domin abinci, matsuguni, da sauran albarkatun;

- mutualism - da irin interspecific dangantaka a cikin abin da biotic factor sa kawai "moriyar juna" co-wanzuwar kwayoyin.

- protocooperation ne mai irin dangantaka a da jiki, a kalla don wani lokaci, za a iya rayuwa ba tare da juna ba tare da da yawa lalacewar ta zama.

- at Commensalism biotic factor samar da irin wannan hulda tsakanin kwayoyin a wanda daya daga cikinsu yana amfani da wani daban-daban a matsayin gida ba tare da haddasa gagarumin lalacewa. An misali iya sa kwayoyin cuta ba a manyan lambobin a cikin gastrointestinal fili na mutum;

- amensalizm - irin interspecific dangantaka, halin da irin wannan hulda, inda cutar da lalacewa ta hanyar daya kwayoyin zuwa wani, shi ne sha'aninsu dabam.

- wani irin dangantaka a wanda kwayoyin da suke zaune a kudi na wasu kwayoyin da suke cutarwa ga karshe, kira parasitism.

- predation.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, duk wani nau'i na antagonistic dangantaka tabbatar da adana jinsin jama'a da kuma kula da su daga alƙarya.