Gona kwayoyin. gona kwayoyin mazauninsu

Kwayoyin cutar - mafi tsoho category kwayoyin cewa wanzu a yau a cikin duniya. The sosai farko kwayoyin fito biliyan 3.5 da suka wuce. Domin kusan biliyan shekaru, sun kasance ne kawai aiki halittu a duniya tamu. Sai suka ɗauki jikin m tsarin. Mene ne ƙasa kwayoyin cuta, da jinsunan da yanayi - duk wadannan suna dauke a cikin wannan labarin.

Janar bayani game da kwayoyin cuta

A abun da ke ciki ya hada da wani Fadin daban-daban kwayoyin daga cikinsu ƙasa kwayoyin cuta, mold kuma fungi. Sun kasu kashi qeta da kuma zama dole domin ci gaba da shuke-shuke.

Kwayoyin bambanta a cikin yanayin rayuwa. Wasu iya girma ba tare da oxygen, amma ga wasu da kasancewar yana da muhimmanci. Akwai kuma na musamman category na kwayoyin cuta da za su iya ci gaba da oxygen, da kuma ba tare da shi.

Rawar da ƙasa kwayoyin cuta a cikin shuka rayuwa

Kada shuke-shuke ta taimakawa kasar gona kwayoyin kawo? Ma'ana daga kwayoyin a shuka rayuwa shi ne isasshe manyan. Dole kullum Agropedological kwayoyin maimaita kwayoyin halitta a cikin dabbobi bukatar ma'adanai. Tare da irin wannan sarrafa gona da aka wadãtar da alli, da baƙin ƙarfe, phosphorus, nitrogen da kuma wasu masu zama dole abubuwa.

Ƙasa kwayoyin cuta ba kawai wadãtar da ƙasar amfani abubuwa, amma kuma inganta physiological gona quality. A mafi yawan gona a so kwayoyin, da hakan ta haihuwa.

A mafi girma yawan muhimmanci jiki ne yaduwar krupnokornevoy tsarin da shuka, wato a cikin rhizosphere. Yana ƙasa kwayoyin cuta ana amfani da ikon da mutuwa da tushen tsarin.

Groups m gona microorganisms

gona kwayoyin Groups dauke da irin jinsin su ne da hannu a cikin photosynthesis, nitrogen, carbon da phosphorus. A abun da ke ciki na kasar gona ne yanzu ba kawai amfani microorganisms, amma kuma pathogenic. Mafi sau da yawa kwayoyin rayuwa a cikin ƙasa isasshe takaice. Duk da haka, wasu iri ne m da mazaunanta. Pathogenic kwayoyin cuta ya kasu kashi uku:

• Kwayoyin cutar ga wanda ƙasar ne na halitta Bioton. Su ne causative jamiái na botulism da actinomycetes.

• A kwayoyin da samun a cikin ƙasa da kwayoyin secretions halittu masu rai. Irin kwayoyin za a iya adana a cikin ƙasa lokaci mai tsawo. Su ne causative jamiái na Anthrax bacillus, tetanus da gangrene.

• Kwayoyin cutar, wanda kuma fada a cikin ƙasa da kwayoyin secretions, amma adana akwai for har zuwa wata daya. Sun iya sa E. coli, Salmonella, shigella da kuma cutar kwalara. All cutarwa kwayoyin hallaka ba kawai amfani Properties na kasar gona, amma tushen tsarin shuke-shuke.

kwayoyin mazauninsu

Ƙasa kwayoyin cuta da ake samu a cikin rufi na duniya wajen m. Duk wani category na kwayoyin da suke zaune a can, inda za su iya samun wa kansu wani dadi fanni na mazauninsu, abinci da kuma ruwa. Simple kwayoyin ne ba a duk inda akwai ainihin abubuwan - yafi a cikin sama da ƙasa murfin. Abin mamaki, kasar gona kwayoyin da aka samu a rijiyoyin man fetur, da zurfin da ya kai a kalla 16 kilomita.

Masauki a kusa da tushen tsarin

Kamar yadda muka ce a baya, mafi m wuri na gona kwayoyin - shi ne saman Layer na kasar gona. Rhizosphere - a Layer na kasar gona, located a kusa da tushen tsarin. An densely lugar da kwayoyin da cewa ciyar a kan shuka sharar gida, kazalika da sunadaran da sugars. Simple kwayoyin, kamar tsutsotsi ciyar a kan kwayoyin da kuma rayuwa a yankin krupnokornevoy. Saboda wannan, da sake zagayowar na amfani abubuwa da cuta danniya da aka yi a cikin rhizosphere.

shuka zuriyar dabbobi

'Yan mutane san, gida gona kwayoyin. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin mafi cikakken lissafi na rai yanayi.

Namomin kaza - cikin rare decomposers na shuka, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Ƙasa kwayoyin cuta ba zai iya jure wasu daga cikin zama dole abubuwa for tsawon nisa. Yana da damar naman gwari girma. Yana da yake a cikin naman kaza shuka zuriyar dabbobi ne ma wata babbar adadin kwayoyin ba.

Humus - shi ne wani mazauninsu gona kwayoyin. Kawai wasu fungi nuna enzymes da ake bukata don karya saukar da wuya abubuwa a humus. A mahimmin juzu'in da muhimmanci abubuwa dauke a cikin ƙasa, da babban yawan sau baya cleaved ta fungi da kwayoyin. Humus mahadi wanda ake samu saboda tsakiyan nonon hada da adadi kaɗan na samuwa nitrogen.

A Agropedological raka'a

Wani mazauninsu na kasar gona kwayoyin - Agropedological raka'a. A kan su surface da ake dasu abun ciki ne ya fi yadda da cewa a ciki. A tsakiyar iya wuce kawai ne ga waɗanda matakai cewa ba su bukatar oxygen. A manyan yawan raka'a - wannan ƙasa tumbi tsutsotsi da kuma sauran sauki kwayoyin. Tsakanin motsi raka'a Agropedological arthropod kuma nematodes, wanda ba zai iya haifar da tashoshi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.

Kwayoyin da suke da saukin kamuwa ga laima hasara, kazalika da ƙasa kwayoyin kasance a tashoshin cika da ruwa. Don samar da ruwa-m kwayoyin dole asali ɓangare na ƙasa, wanda a aikin gona da yankunan suna rayayye rage a kowace shekara. Yana da wannan dalili da cewa akwai bukatar yin amfani da takin.

Harm ƙasa kwayoyin cuta

Na yi imani da cewa kowane lambu da zarar tunani game da ko gona kwayoyin ne m. A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin kore duk camfin da kõme face zato suke da dangantaka da wannan batun. Da babbar dama na rayuwa gona pathogens. Alal misali, a saman 30 cm na kasar gona Layer, girman daya hekta rayuwar game da tan 30 na sauki kwayoyin. Samun karfi sa na enzymes daga lalata kwayoyin karya saukar da sunadarai a cikin amino acid. Wannan shi ne babban mai rarrabẽwa a kan aiwatar da bazuwar. Wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta suna halittu masu rai kawo mai yawa matsaloli. Af, daidai saboda aikin wadannan sauki kwayoyin quite hanzari ganimar abinci da aka tsara don dogon shiryayye rayuwa - wato, pickles da kuma daskararre 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu. Sa'a, da uwar gida ya dade koya don samun fita daga cikin halin da ake ciki. Domin ƙara ajiya, da suka yi amfani da wani sterilization tsari, da kuma aiki kayayyakin. Duk da haka, wasu iri kwayoyin iya har yanzu ganimar abinci preform, duk da hankali handling.

Kwayoyin cutar shiga cikin ƙasa ta kamu tãlikai. Kamar yadda muka ce a baya, wasu subspecies na kwayoyin da fungi iya zama a cikin ƙasa shekaru da dama. Wannan shi ne saboda su rarrabe siffofin - ta samar da spores. Dõmin sun kare kwayoyin cuta daga mummunan tasirinsa daga yanayi. Irin kwayoyin kara kuzari da ci gaban wasu daga cikin mafiya hatsari cututtuka - Anthrax, guba, gangrene da catalepsy.

Kamar yadda kwayoyin samun a cikin ƙasa

Kawai sa, da Agropedological kwayoyin - yana da wani ɓangare na abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, amma ba ƙasar da kanta, da kuma ta topsoil. A daya kayan zaki cokali na Turf dauke da fiye da biliyan daya da sauki kwayoyin, wanda aka kai a kai tsunduma a wani takamaiman mataki na lalata da matattu kwayoyin halitta ko kam isa akai eclectic abubuwa da kuma gina wadannan wuya asali kwayoyin.

Agropedological rukuni na kwayoyin Kwatsam daga lokacin da sauran halittu masu rai a cikin jariri, da kuma bar na farko daga kufan aiki. Yana da wadannan saurã da kuma zama na farko da gida na kasar gona kwayoyin. Samun horar da canji organics a gona kwayoyin kasance a cikinta har yanzu lokaci, adapting to canza yanayi a muhalli.

A rabo na ayyuka

Akwai multifunctional division Agropedological kwayoyin tsakanin masana kimiyyar domin su ayyuka:

1. destructors - kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma mineralize asali mahadi yanzu a saman Layer na duniya. Rawar da suka taka - canji da ya rage daga halittu masu rai da kuma shuke-shuke a cikin eclectic abubuwa.

2. nitrogen-kayyade ko tuberous kwayoyin - symbionts na shuke-shuke. Su duk da muhimmancin ta'allaka ne da cewa kawai irin wannan kwayoyin ne iya hada neorganichno oxygen abubuwa da kuma tabbatar da su da shuke-shuke. Daidai saboda wannan gona da kuma shuke-shuke suna da muhimmanci ma'adanai.

3. chemoautotrophs - microorganisms cewa mayar da hankali inorganic abubuwa data kasance a cikin na asali kwayoyin. Su duk da muhimmancin ta'allaka ne da cewa su za a iya sarrafa tara a gindi daga eclectic abubuwa sa'an nan kuma aika su zuwa ga shuke-shuke.

m harka

Na dogon lokaci shi aka yi imani da cewa ji kamshi iya kawai hadaddun kwayoyin. Duk da haka, shekaru biyu da suka wuce an gano cewa wannan tsoka mai amsa sigina ne kuma samuwa a cikin yisti kwayoyin da slime mold.

A masana kimiyya ya yanke shawarar gudanar da wani gwaji don gano ko Agropedological jin gaban kwayoyin cuta a cikin iska dake kusa da ammonia. Abin mamaki, da kwayoyin wuce duk tsammanin na experimenters. Godiya ga wannan bincike, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa, kwayoyin cuta ne ma iya rarrabe kamshi.

Summing up

Gona kwayoyin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙasa haihuwa da kuma rayuwar dukkan abubuwa masu rai. A cikin wannan labarin da muka samu sanaki ƙasa kwayoyin cuta da kuma yadda suka shafi ci gaban da tsire-tsire da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Lokacin aiki tare da kasa da ya kamata a tuna da cewa akwai halin yanzu ba kawai amfani microorganisms, amma kuma pathogens cewa zai iya zama jamiái na rayuwa-barazanar cututtuka. Yana bada shawara mai karfi ga ci safar hannu da kuma wanke hannuwansu sosai bayan amfani. Zauna lafiya!