Luminosity taurari. luminosity azuzuwan na taurari da

Halaye na basamaniyai iya zama sosai m. Kawai taurari da fili cikakkar girma, luminosity da sauran sigogi. Tare da karshen za mu yi kokarin fahimtar. Mene ne luminosity na star? Yana da wani abu da ya yi da ganuwa a cikin dare sama? Mene ne luminosity na Sun?

Nature taurari

Stars - wani sosai m basamaniyai cewa emit haske. Suna kafa daga gas da ƙura sakamakon gravitational matsawa. Ciki da star ne m core, inda nukiliya halayen faru. Su taimakawa ga haske daga cikin taurãri. Babban halaye na haske bakan ne size, mai sheki, luminosity, da ciki tsari. Dukkan wadannan sigogi dogara ne a kan taro na star da kuma ta musamman sunadarai abun da ke ciki.

The main "zanen" daga wadannan jikin su ne helium da hydrogen. The karami yawa dangi zuwa su iya dauke da carbon, oxygen da kuma karafa (manganese, silicon, da baƙin ƙarfe). A mafi girma adadin hydrogen da helium a cikin matasa taurari, tare da lokacin da rabbai an rage, bada hanya zuwa wasu abubuwa.

Stars a ciki yankuna da halin da ake ciki ne sosai "zafi". A zafin jiki a su kai har zuwa dama miliyan digiri Kelvin. Akwai ci gaba a cikin halayen wanda hydrogen ne tuba zuwa cikin helium. A surface, da yawan zafin jiki ne da yawa m, kuma ya kai kadai har zuwa dama dubu digiri Kelvin.

Mene ne luminosity na star?

Thermonuclear halayen cikin taurari tare da watsi da makamashi. Luminosity ake kira jiki yawa da ta nuna nawa makamashi ta samar da wani wani sarari suKe jiki a kan lokaci.

An sau da yawa a gauraye da wasu sigogi, kamar asubahin taurari a cikin dare sama. Duk da haka, da haske, ko na fili girma - game da halayyar da cewa ba za a iya auna. Shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da karkara na haske daga Duniya, da bayyana kawai yadda da taurari ne bayyane a cikin sama. Karamin da yawan wannan darajar, da girma ta bayyana haske.

A bambanci ga shi, da luminosity na taurari - wannan shi ne wani haƙiƙa siga. Yana ba ya dogara ne a kan inda masu sa ido. Yana taurari halayyar fassara ta samar da makamashi iya aiki. Yana iya bambanta a daban-daban lokaci na cikin wani sarari suKe jiki juyin halitta.

Kusa da luminosity, amma ba m, shi ne cikakken girma. Yana nufin da kwarjinin hasken da yake bayyane zuwa ga Kiyayewa a nesa na 10 parsecs, ko 32,62 haske shekaru. Yawancin lokaci aka yi amfani da yin lissafi da luminosity na taurari.

Tabbatar da dalilin da luminosity

The adadin kuzari da ta saki cikin wani sarari suKe jiki ne m, a watts (W), joules da biyu (J / s) ko a ergs daya na biyu (erg / s). Akwai hanyoyi da dama domin nemo so zaɓi.

Ana iya lasafta daga dabara L = 0,4 (Ma -M), idan so ya san cikakkar darajar da star. Saboda haka, Latin harafi L aka kaddamarda luminosity, da harafin M - shi ne cikakken girma, da kuma Ma - da cikakkar darajar da Sun (4.83 Ma).

Wani Hanyar shafi na sosai ilmi daga luminary. Idan muka sani da radius (R) da kuma yawan zafin jiki (T _EF ) Na bãyan tẽkun, da luminosity za a iya ƙaddara da dabara L = 4pR ² St ⁴ _EF. Latin s, a wannan yanayin na nufin wani barga jiki yawa - Stefan-Boltzmann m.

A luminosity na Sun ne 3.839 x 10 ²⁶ watts. Domin sauki da kuma tsabta, masana kimiyya yawanci kwatanta luminosity na cikin matsanancin jiki tare da wannan darajar. Kamar haka, akwai abubuwa a cikin dubban ko miliyoyin sau weaker ko karfi fiye da hasken rana.

luminosity azuzuwan na taurari da

Don kwatanta tsakanin wani star, astrophysicists amfani da daban-daban sukayi fassara. Suna raba kan a jere, size, zazzabi, da dai sauransu. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk, don a mafi cikakken hoto na yin amfani da mahara halaye.

Akwai tsakiyar Harvard rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan a jere, wanda fitarda haske. Yana amfani da haruffa, kowane m zuwa takamaiman watsi launi (blue-O, B - fari da kuma shudi, A - White, da dai sauransu).

Stars na bakan iya daban-daban luminosity. Saboda haka, Yerkes masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani rarrabuwa cewa daukan la'akari da wannan siga. Ta shared su luminosity dangane da cikakkar dabi'u. A wannan yanayin, kowane irin star aka yaba da ba kawai da kewayon haruffa, lambobi, alhakin luminosity. Saboda haka, release:

• hypergiants (0);
• haske supergiants (IA +).
• haske supergiants (IA).
• al'ada supergiants (ibn).
• haske giant (II);
• al'ada Refayawa (III).
• subgiants (IV).
• dwarfs babban jerin (V).
• subdwarfs (VI).
• fari dwarfs (VII).

A mafi girma luminosity, da darajar da cikakkar dabi'u. A Refayawa da supergiants, an nuna tare da alamar debewa.

Dangantaka tsakanin cikakkar darajar, da zazzabi da iyaka, da luminosity taurari nuna Hertzsprung - Russell. Yana da aka soma da baya a 1910. Chart haɗa kan bangaskiya Harvard da Yerkes rarrabuwa, kuma ba ka damar nazari da kuma rarraba da haske mafi holistically.

Bambanci a luminance

Stars sigogi suna sosai dangantaka da juna. A cikin luminosity na star shafi da zafin jiki da kuma ta taro. Kuma su ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan sinadaran abun da ke ciki na star. Star taro zama mafi girma, da karami da nauyi abubuwa (heavier fiye da hydrogen da helium).

Suna da manya-manyan taro da kuma high hypergiants supergiants. Su ne mafi iko da kuma haske taurari a sararin samaniya, amma a lokaci guda, da kuma rare. Dwarfs, da bambanci, da kananan taro kuma luminosity, amma asusu domin game da 90% na dukkan taurari.

A mafi m star, wanda aka sani a yau, shi ne a blue hypergiants R136a1. Its luminosity ne mafi girma fiye da hasken rana 8.7 sau miliyan. M star a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus (da Swan P) ya wuce luminosity na Sun 630 000 sau, da S Doradus shi ya wuce wannan siga ne 500 000 sau. Daya daga cikin mafi karami a san star 2MASS J0523-1403 yana da luminosity rãnã 0,00126.