Greenwich Observatory (London)

Greenwich Observatory, suka sa na dogon lokaci da matsayi na "sarauta" ya zama wata babbar astronomical kungiyar, ba kawai a kasar Birtaniya amma kuma a cikin duniya.

Wanda ya fara halitta shine Charles II. Babban manufar bayani ya muhimmanci ga mariners Gwargwadon tsarawa. Rarraba bayanai game da wurin wuraren wurare yana haifar da asarar har ma halakar jirgi.

Aikin Greenwich Observatory ya zama hanyar haɗin gwiwa wanda masu jirgi zasu iya dogara. Bayanan da aka tattara da kuma sarrafawa zai sa ya fi sauƙi don yin tafiya a cikin teku da tekuna kuma su sami hanyar ko da sun rabu da hanya.

Dalili na auna shine tsawon lokaci, haɗin gwargwadon da ake amfani dasu don lissafin nisa tsakanin ra'ayi na mutum da kuma wani mahimmin bayani.

Ƙididdigar tsawon lokaci a ƙasa bai kasance da wuyar ba - ta wannan lokutan katunan jinsin ya riga ya bayyana. Amma a kan teku (ko teku), yin amfani da sababbin hanyoyi ba zai yiwu ba, saboda ba'a samo ɗakunan ruwa ba. Hanyar ingantacciyar hanya ta ƙayyade tsawon lokaci a cikin teku ba ta wanzu ba sai karni na goma sha takwas.

{Asar Ingila, mai ikon tafiyar da teku, tana neman hanyoyin da za su gano tsawon lokaci a cikin ruwa mai zurfi.

Hakika, yana yiwuwa a kewaya, kamar dā, zuwa taurari. Amma wannan ba ya isa ba. Haka ne, kuma waɗannan alamomi a cikin girgije da kuma a cikin asari ba su aiki ba.

A shekara ta 1675 (a watan Maris) Charles II ya nada John Flamsteed a matsayin masanin astronomer. An umurci matasan mai shekaru 28 da haihuwa: "... tare da himmatuwa na musamman da kuma cikakke don fara sulhunta matakan da ke cikin sama da kuma tauraron taurari da kuma inganta fasahar kewayawa ...".

A wannan shekarar (a watan Maris), Greenwich Observatory ya fara aiki. Sakamakon binciken da aka buga a farkon "Marine Almanac" ne kawai kawai bayan shekaru biyu bayan da aka fara kallo.

Ayyukan da aka yi a cikin Greenwich Observatory ya sake juya maɓallin kewayawa kuma ya ba Birtaniya damar zama babban mai tarawa na tashar teku (nautical).

Duk da haka, ƙasashe da dama sun ci gaba da yin amfani da tsarin kansu na tsawon lokaci.

Italiya ta mayar da hankali ne a kan mazaunan Naples, Switzerland - a Stockholm, Spain - a Ferro, Faransa - a birnin Paris. Amma buƙatar guda ɗaya don tsarin lokaci da ƙayyade tsawon lokaci ya kasance a fili.

A dangane da wannan, an yanke shawarar tsara wani taron kasa da kasa (1884). Domin wata daya, wakilai na kasashe ashirin da biyar ba zasu iya samun sulhuntawa ba. A ƙarshe, sai ya zama mai tunani batu na Greenwich a London, da aka sani a yanzu kamar yadda na Greenwich Meridian. An yanke tsawon lokaci don aunawa a wurare guda biyu - tabbatacciya (gabashin gabas) da ƙananan (yammacin).

Hasken hasken rana a London ta 1930 ya yi haske sosai, kuma cigaba da lura da taurari a cikin gwamnatin baya ba ta yiwu ba. Cibiyar ta Greenwich Observatory ta koma Hirstmonso (Sussex, mai nisan kilomita 70 daga tsohon wuri na lura). Rashin sauran gine-ginen ya wuce zuwa Masallacin Tekun Maritime. A shekara ta 1990, 'yan astronomers sun sake komawa zuwa Cambridge. A shekarar 1998, an rufe Greenwich Observatory (Royal).