Arts & Nishaɗi, Litattafai
Hanyar littattafai: jinsunan, siffofi na musamman, amfani
Kowane kalma a cikin harshen Rasha yana da mahimmanci ma'ana. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen faɗar magana ga gaskiyar da bayyana tunani. Bugu da kari ga asali dabi'u na mafi yawan kalmomi kunshe a wani yawan associative kuma yana da ƙarin m darajar, wanda sau da yawa ne šaukuwa. Irin wannan lexical dukiya rayayye amfani da kasida da marubuta don ƙirƙirar ayyukan art, da kuma wani kwatancinsa a Rasha harshen da aka kira Figures na magana da wallafe-wallafen sawu. Suna ba da furtaccen rubutu kuma suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ra'ayinsu.
Hanyoyin fasaha da na gani
Daga cikin tropes ware manufofi, misãlai, metaphors, sojan gona metonymy, fasara, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbola. A ikon ganin su a cikin rubutu na art ayyuka yale mu mu gane akida shirin marubucin, a ji dadin dukiyar girma Rasha harshe. Kuma yin amfani da raguwa cikin maganganunsa shine alamar mutum wanda yake da masaniya, wanda yake da ladabi, wanda zai iya yin magana daidai da mahimmanci.
Yaya zaku iya ganewa a cikin rubutu kuma kuyi yadda za kuyi amfani da hanyoyi na wallafe-wallafen kanku?
Tebur tare da misalai daga aikin fasaha
Bari mu ga yadda masu marubuta da marubuta suka gane hakan.
Hanyar Litattafai | Dukiya | Misali: |
Rubuta | Adjective, ƙananan sau da yawa sunan, adverb, gerund, amfani da alama alama da kuma nuna wani muhimmin fasali na batun | "Kuma da idanu na fathomless blue Bloom ..." (Blok) |
Daidaita | Ƙari tare da alliances AS, BUDTO, AS BUDTO, WORD ko kalmomi kamar, kamar; Noun a cikin karamin abu; Adjective ko adverb a matsayin digiri. Jigon yana cikin kariya | "The naúrar jũna a gare ni ... tsada ... kamar yadda a cikin bazara daji a Nightingale ..." (K. Balmont) |
Metaphor | Bisa ga canza ma'anar ma'ana ta kama | "... wuta ... cike da rai" (Lermontov) |
Avatar | Nishaɗin abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, abubuwa | "Lazur sama ya fashe da dariya ..." (F. Tiutchev) |
Metonymy | Canja wurin darajar by contiguity | "Suka kwaɓe Homer, Theocritus ..." (Pushkin), watau Ayyukansu |
A synecdoche | Ya shafi dabba ba a kanta darajar dangane da rabo a lambar: maimakon kawai jam'i da kuma mataimakin versa | "Don shi ... kuma da dabba ba ya dace ..." (Pushkin) |
Hyperbola | Ƙari mai yawa | "A baƙauye da farce ..." (Nekrasov) |
Litota | Magangancin matsananci | "Daga komarishki fuka-fuki ya sanya kansa biyu shirt-fronts" (Aksakov) |
Perifraz | Sunan wani abu ko wani abu ta hanyar mahimmanci, sanannen ganewa | "Ina son ku, Peter halittar ..." (Pushkin), watau St. Peterburg |
Saboda haka, hanyoyi na wallafe-wallafen - tebur yana nuna alamun alamun su - wanda za'a iya gano ko da wanda ba shi da ilimi na musamman. Wajibi ne kawai don fahimtar ainihin su. Don yin wannan, bari mu bincika dalla-dalla wadannan hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, wanda yakan haifar da mafi yawan matsaloli.
Metaphor da personification
Ba kamar kwatanta ba, wanda akwai abubuwa guda biyu ko abubuwan mamaki - ainihin da wanda aka ɗauka don kwatantawa, waɗannan hanyoyi ne kawai na biyu. A misali, ana iya bayyana kama da launi, ƙarami, nau'i, manufar, da dai sauransu. Ga misalai na irin wannan amfani da kalmomi a zaurance: "watã duba katako", "tsakar rana numfasawa".
Sojan gona ne daban-daban daga misãli cewa wakiltar wani karin cikakken image na "bisa ga abke, tãyar da iska komowa da moaned dukan dare."
Mutuwar jiki, synecdoche, periphrasis
Wadannan hanyoyi na wallafe-wallafen suna rikicewa tare da kwatancin da aka bayyana a sama. Don kauce wa irin waɗannan kurakurai, ya kamata a tuna cewa bayyanar kwakwalwa a metonymy na iya zama kamar haka:
- abun ciki da kuma cewa shi ya hada da: "ku ci wani farantin".
- marubucin da aikinsa, "tuna da duk litattafan Gogol".
- mataki da wani kayan aiki domin ta hukumar, "kauyen da aka wanzuwa takuba".
- batun da kayan daga abin da aka sanya, "ain a nuni".
- sanya da kuma mutane ba a can, "birni ba barci."
Synecdoche yawanci yakan haifar da wani gwada yawa dangantaka tsakanin abubuwa da mamaki, "sa'an nan kowa da kowa yana yin saiti zuwa Napoleon."
Perifraz
Wani lokaci mawallafi da mawaki, don karin bayani da halitta samfurin, maye gurbin sunan wani abu ko sabon abu ta hanyar nuna alama ta musamman. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen ware maimaitawa kuma don haɗakar da kalmomi a cikin rubutun. Ka yi la'akari da wadannan misalai na adabi sawu: "haskakawa karfe" - a wuƙa, "marubucin" Mumu "- Ivan Turgenev," tsohuwar mace tare da scythe "- mutuwa.
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