Hepatitis B cutar - abin da yake da shi? Yadda za mu bi hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B cutar - abin da yake da shi? A cuta ne mai kwayar anthroponotic, t. E. Yana iya parasitize da pathogen na musamman a cikin mutane. Hepatitis B cutar yana da karfi hepatotropic aiki. Cirrhosis da hanta Oncology sau da yawa tsokani wannan musamman pathogen.

Bisa kididdigar da, a Rasha a kowace shekara zuwa dubu 50 suka kamu da lokuta na hepatitis B, kuma kullum dako -. Fiye da mutane miliyan 5 mutane. Yaduwar da wannan cuta a duniya ne manya-manyan - akwai a kan miliyan 350 dako da cutar, wanda 250,000 suke mutuwa a kowace shekara daga da dama hanta pathologies.

Hepatitis B cutar: faye hali

Wannan ruwan dare da cuta ne saboda da m kwanciyar hankali na pathogen da daban-daban dalilai da sinadaran da jiki sakamakon. Hepatitis B cutar ne resistant zuwa low zazzabi effects, kuma ko da maimaita daskarewa da kuma thawing ba ya kashe shi. Tafasasshen kuma zuwa HBV (nadi a cikin adabi) ba shi da wani tasiri.

A bushe drop of jini a dakin da zazzabi, da cutar da aka adana har zuwa wata daya ko fiye, shi ne adana bushe magani zuwa 25, da kuma daskarewa (a -20 digiri) - shekaru 15.

Neutralize (inactivate) shi za a iya autoclaved tsawon minti 30, ko haifuwa a wani zafi iska tanda, don sa'a a zazzabi kewayon 180 digiri.

A siffofin hepatitis B

Ta yaya kawo hadari ne hepatitis B? Mẽne ne da kuma yadda za a bayyana cuta? A wadannan za su yi kokarin biyu daga cikin wadannan tambayoyi za a iya amsa cikakken.

Hepatitis B iya zama m ko na kullum. M tasowa kai tsaye bayan kamuwa da cuta da kuma ƙarshen shiryawa zamani. Yana iya wuce daga makonni da dama zuwa watanni shida. A wannan yanayin, cututtuka a fili ya bayyana ne kawai a rabin daga cikin lokuta:

• zafi a ciki a dama, a cikin costal baka.
• tashin zuciya da kuma amai.
• kara a jiki zafin jiki (zazzabi).
• ciwon kai.
• rauni.
• hadin gwiwa zafi.
• yellowness na fata, ko idanu.
• duhu fitsari (da launi na giya).
• discolored tumbi.

M (icteric) nau'i na Hepatitis B ne kullum 80% na karshen dawo daga mãsu haƙuri.

Yara da kuma wani lokacin manya iya zama asymptomatic nau'i na hepatitis B. A wannan tsanani hanya da cutar bayyanar cututtuka suna lura. Akwai iya zama da kadan malaise da kuma gajiya, to wanda da marasa lafiya ne sau da yawa rashin sani. A wannan yanayin, sau da yawa gaban hepatitis B cutar a cikin jini da aka samu gaba daya kwatsam, misali, a cikin gaba likita jarrabawa. Irin wannan m hanya da cutar sau da yawa ya zama na kullum. Kamuwa da cutar baby a lokacin haihuwa daga uwar lafiya ma sau da yawa ƙare a kullum form.

A wasu lokuta tasowa fulminant (cancerous) hepatitis - wannan ne mai matukar tsanani cuta, wanda zai iya haifar da cirrhosis ko hanta ciwon daji.

Ta yaya za ka samun kamuwa?

Transmission na hepatitis B iya faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. A tushen kamuwa da cuta ne marasa lafiya, ko - ba tare da yarda wasu sharudda - kafofin watsa labarai. Kanta mai jigilar kaya na hepatitis B daga wannan cuta ba sha (babu cututtuka), amma akwai wani virus a cikin jini.

Mafi na kowa hanyar yin kwangila da cutar - ta cikin jini. Alal misali, yarwa syringes ta hanyar allurar tsakanin miyagun ƙwayoyi masu amfani a su sakandare amfani, ta hanyar talauci haifuwa kida ƙusa ko gashi na gyaran gashi. Domin kamuwa da cuta ne sosai kananan adadin jini, cikinsa da antigen ne hepatitis B. Ko microscopic kashi daidaita 0,00004 ml, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Mun riga mun ambata cewa cutar ne sosai a barga, kuma ko da a cikin bushe jini drop a dakin da zazzabi shi ne kiyaye domin a kan wata.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, hepatitis B yana daukar kwayar cutar jima'i. An dauke gaba daya a duk nazarin halittu da kayayyakin, ciki har da waɗanda suke a cikin maniyyi.

Shi ne kuma m, kuma intrauterine kamuwa da tayin (daga rashin lafiya uwar). Amma a nan shi ne wajibi ne don bayyana cewa perinatal kamuwa da cuta, t. E. Kafin farko na aiki, shi ne musamman rare. Mafi sau da yawa, da kamuwa da cuta daga cikin yaro ya auku a lokacin haihuwa, watau. E. Intrapartum. Bayan bayyanar crumbs a kan haske yiwu kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar shayarwa.

Abin da ya faru bayan kamuwa da cuta?

Bayan da hepatitis B cutar a cikin jini ya har yanzu da lafiya mutum, ya kai gare shi da jini na hepatocytes (hanta Kwayoyin). Da suka faru kwafi (haifuwa) da cutar, wanda rinjayar da karuwar sabon Kwayoyin, tare da wasu sassan na kwayar DNA hadedde cikin DNA na hepatocytes. Na rigakafi da tsarin bai gane modified Kwayoyin da tsinkayen su a matsayin kasashen waje. Ya fara nuna antibodies ya hallaka modified hepatocytes. Saboda haka, hanta da aka hallaka, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani kumburi tsari da kuma hepatitis.

bincikowa da

Ga ganewar asali na cutar amma saba biochemical bincike na Alt da bilirubin, ta amfani da takamaiman alamomi na hepatitis B:

• HBsAg antigen.
• HBeAG antigen.

Bugu da kari, da takamaiman bincike da yin amfani da antibodies to wadannan antigens da kuma takamaiman gina jiki HBcore, wanda ya auku a lokacin da m hepatitis B:

• anti-HBcore.
• anti-HBe.

Wadannan antigens da antibodies a daban-daban lokaci da cutar samu a wasu rabo. Su m nazari taimaka sanin mataki na HBV, wanda damar hango ko hasashen da kara Hakika na cutar da kuma gina wani magani regimen.

Abin da dalilai kara hadarin kamuwa da cuta?

Statistics nuna cewa ya fi kowa da virus ya auku tsakanin zamanai na 15 zuwa shekaru 30. Wanda aka shafi cutar kamar hepatitis B? Mẽne ne - muna riga gane, yanzu za mu tattauna abin da dalilai taimakawa wajen kamuwa da cuta. Saboda haka, a hadarin sun hada da:

• Marasa lafiya hakori tiyata.
• mutanen da suka yi amfani da sabis na yanka mani farce da hairdressing gyaran gashi.
• abokan ciniki sokin kuma tattoo gyaran gashi.
• addicts.
• marasa lafiya wanda ya shafi magani m jini ko amfani da hemodialysis (inji "wucin gadi koda") ;
• 'yan luwadi.
• mutanen da suka akai-akai canza jima'i abokan.

Significantly rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar taimaka maganin da hepatitis B. Yana za a iya yi a cikin ofishin na wani alurar riga kafi shan magani.

Yadda za mu bi hepatitis B cutar?

Far da nufin a hana ci gaban cirrhosis da cutar sankaran hanta. Wannan yana cika ta hanyar suppressing cutar kwafi a cikin hanta Kwayoyin da daidaita transaminase matakan.

The yanke shawara a kan yadda za mu bi da hepatitis B cutar daukan wani cututtuka likita. Farfadowa da na'ura - mai tsawo tsari. A zabi na magani ya dogara da ayyukan da cutar da kuma hadarin tasowa cirrhosis da cutar sankaran hanta.

M kwayar hepatitis yawanci tattare da kansa, ya zo a cika dawo daga mãsu haƙuri. A togiya ce mai tsanani fulminant nau'i na hepatitis B, amma shi sa'a ya faru sosai da wuya. Hanyoyin kwantar da hankali directed a wani m HBV excretion na da gubobi (detoxification) da kuma reconstitution na hepatocytes.

Domin lura da kullum HBV antivirals ana amfani. Alal misali, medicament "Interferon Alfa-2A" da aka yi amfani da 1 lokaci na mako daya ga shekara guda (adult kashi ne 180 MG). nucleoside analogues an yadu amfani: "Entecavir", "Lamuvidin", "Adefovir". Wadannan kwayoyi hana yaduwar cutar a cikin hanta Kwayoyin da kuma inganta su dawo.

Domin tabbatarwa far amfani gepatoprotektory da immunomodulators, msl, wani magani "Zadaxin" (allura).

A lura da hepatitis B cutar ne yawanci sanya wani abinci da yawan 5. Shi ne da kin amincewa da duk wani m, yaji, gishiri da kuma abincin gwangwani. Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin da sausages, ma, ne mafi alhẽri cire daga cikin abinci.

Idan kullum hepatitis B daukan mai tsanani Hakika, kuma akwai wani tsanani hadarin tasowa cirrhosis ko hanta ciwon daji, shi iya yanke shawarar dashi cikin zuciya da sauransu.

rigakafin

Shin yana yiwuwa a ko ta yaya kare jiki daga pathogens kamar hepatitis B cutar? Mẽne ne, mun sami fita. Yana da lokaci zuwa magana game da rigakafin. An raba musamman da kuma wadanda ba musamman. A farko yana cika ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Daga cutar suna kare kawai allurar rigakafin mutane warke daga hepatitis B, kuma ba takamaiman rigakafin shafi da jerin duniya ANNOBA matakan da cewa hana yaduwar hepatitis B cutar. Alal misali, m gwaji na bayarwa jini da kuma ta shirye-shirye domin HBV alamomi, kisan wani m anti-miyagun ƙwayoyi shirin, a karshen banal sirri kiwon lafiya. Wannan za a tattauna a kasa. Yanzu, za mu lura kawai cewa rigakafin Hepatitis B ne mai matuqar muhimmanci a wajen magance yaduwar cutar.

Specific rigakafin hepatitis B

Alurar riga kafi da hepatitis B ne m:

• duk yara shekaru 0-1-6 watanni (na yau da kullum lamba).
• duk 'yan uwa na marasa lafiya da kullum hepatitis B;
• likitoci.
• likita dalibai;
• mutane aiki tare da jini kayayyakin.
• marasa lafiya tsare tilasta wuce hemodialysis.
• marasa lafiya da samun jini kayayyakin.

Irin wannan lamba iya yin wani adult. A baya can, an ba kunshe a cikin yawan m. Domin da za a alurar riga kafi, isa ga tambaya ga asibitin na yankinsa. All yara da kuma manya up to 55 shekaru da haihuwa zai iya sami lamba for free. Mazan mutane za a iya alurar riga kafi a nasu kudi.

A hanya ne samuwa ga wani yini na zabi. Bayan na farko alurar riga kafi za bukatar ka yi biyu more. Daya - wata, na biyu - wata shida baya. Alurar riga kafi ne mafi dogara hanya don kare da hepatitis B cutar.

Non-takamaiman rigakafin hepatitis B

Domin nonspecific rigakafin HBV hada sosai sirri kiwon lafiya:

• amfani kawai da buroshin hakori, ƙusa kayan aikin, reza, tsefe, da dai sauransu .;
• ko da sirri mallakarmu (wannan yanka mani farce sa) ya kamata a lokaci-lokaci disinfected.
• amfani da tasiri disinfectants.
• kunnuwa soke, yi da tattoo da sokin parlors kawai gwada tare da suna mai kyau.
• lafiya jima'i, ko da yake 100% garanti ba (yau, gumi kuma duk ruwaye ne matsakaici da cutar data), don haka ya kamata ka ba kawo promiscuous.
• amfani kawai yarwa syringes lokacin da alura.

Za mu tattauna da ku abin da hatsarin ne da cutar na hepatitis B. Mene ne shi - a yanzu shi ne bayyananne. Kamar kowane sauran cuta, shi ne sauki su hana fiye da dauki dogon hanya na lura. Yarda da sauki rigakafin matakan da zai taimaka wajen kare kan hepatitis B. zama lafiya!