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Holl Edvard da ra'ayi

Kowane al'ada ne mai arziki a cikin nasu dabaru da kuma fahimtar duniya. Wadanda abubuwa da suke da muhimmanci a cikin wasu mutane, na iya zama mara amfani ga wasu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya kamata girmama wasu al'adu. Holl Edvard a cikin theories da Concepts tabbatar kowa da kowa cewa duk al'adu dauke da wani yawan ainihin abubuwan da suke da muhimmanci a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma hali.

"Great Grandpa"

Holl Edvard aka haife shi a watan Mayu shekara ta 1914 a Amurka, a Jihar Missouri. A shekarar 1942 ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Columbia , sa'an nan suka yi aiki a daban-daban jami'o'i a Amurka.

E. Hall, Jr., wani masanin tarihin mutum da giciye-al'adu bincike. A cikin shekaru 50 na farko lokacin da ya gabatar da manufar giciye-al'adu sadarwa, da ya halitta na karbuwa daga American jami'an a cikin wasu kasashe.

Hall aka dauke mahaliccin irin kimiyya a matsayin proxemics (fannin zaman jama'a Psychology, da nufin nazarin sarari, boko, sadarwa da tsarin), da developer na manufar kungiyar cohesion, kazalika da mai girma m na NLP (Neuro-rabe-shiryawa).

A babban masanin tarihin mutum a lokacin da yake karatu zo zuwa ga latest fahimtar dangantakar mutane da juna. Kowace daga cikin mutane na da ƙasa, wanda ya gan sirri. A nesa a sadarwar da aka ƙaddara da dalilai da dama: da asalin, na sirri, abubuwan daka zaba ko al'adu akidar.

Nau'in mahallin al'adar

Edward Hall ta shahara ka'idar girma da xaukaka da kuma nizkokontekstualnyh al'adu bayyana yadda za a yi amfani da wasu unspoken da kuma boye dokoki suna da muhimmanci ga da ganin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma sadarwa a tsakanin mutane. A lokaci guda saboda da wuya daga cikin al'adu yawan kunsa bayanai da ake bukata don fahimtar halin da ake ciki zaman jama'a. Kuma da karin hadaddun da wayewa, da mafi wuya zamantakewa halin da ake ciki yana nufin bare.

Holl Edvard shafi al'adu da vysokokontekstualnye nizkokontekstualnye.

high-mahallin al'adar nufin nasara fahimtar dukkan abubuwan da suka faru, a matsayin high yawa na bayanai da aka tsara don kusa dangantaka tsakanin mutane. Ba kome, shi ne sadarwa tare da abokai, abokan aiki ko 'yan uwa. Vysokokontekstualnye al'adu ne kama, kusan babu wani canji na tsawon lokaci da kuma iya sadarwa tare da waje al'adu. E. Hall Bincike ya nuna cewa kullum lamba mutane ba ya bukatar cikakken ilimi na abubuwan da suka faru, kamar yadda su ne ko da yaushe sane da abin da ke faruwa.

A kasashen da high mahallin Hall dauki Rasha, Faransa, Italiya, Japan, Spain da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Bi da bi, daban-daban al'adu nizkokontekstualnye m babu wani na bayanai cibiyar sadarwa. Irin al'adu ne da iri-irin, dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da faruwa a cikin m iyaka. Haka kuma, wadannan mutane shared sirri dangantaka da kuma aiki al'amurran. Wannan yanayin ya kai ga cewa wakilan nizkokontekstualnyh amfanin gona bukatar karin wayar da kan jama'a game da abinda ke faruwa kewaye da su domin sadarwa da wasu al'adu. Kasashen da low mahallin hada da Amurka, Jamus, Switzerland, da kuma Scandinavian da sauran arewacin} asashen Turai.

Major bambance-bambance da amfanin gona bisa Hall ka'idar

Babban bambance-bambance a mutane tunani za a iya gabatar a tabular form.

al'adu mahallin

high mahallin

low mahallin

magana

Unexpressed da kuma boye hanya na magana. akwai da yawa karya

Direct da ma'ana

nonverbal sadarwa

Da ikon ya yi magana a look. allocating manyan dabi'u wadanda ba fi'ili sadarwa

Nonverbal sadarwar da aka bai wa kananan rawa

magana da motsin zuciyarmu

Hidden motsin zuciyarmu a wani halin da ake ciki da kuma tare da wani sakamako na sadarwa

bude emotionality

wayar da kan jama'a

Don sadarwa na farko rashin ilimi

All tambayoyi a fili da kuma tattauna. matalauta sani interlocutor daidaita zuwa low vagueness da iyawa a cikin al'amarin

al'adu nahawu

Edward Hall ta ra'ayi na al'adu nahawu ne da nufin fahimtar bambance-bambance da kuma ci gaban juna da ragowa da wakilan daban-daban al'adu. A wasu kalmomin, kana bukatar ka girmama ka da abokin tarayya, kamar yadda na da hakkin ya zama daban-daban, to zaton daban. Ilimi na rayuwar wasu al'adu ne da hukunci a sadarwa da kuma hali na mutane.

Holl Edvard zaton cewa mafi muhimmanci al'adu category ne lokaci. Wannan category ne wani index of kari na rayuwa da kuma ayyukan da a general. Kuma har zuwa al'ada ne m lokaci, kuma haka canja irin da hanyar sadarwa a tsakanin mutane. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, lokacin da akayi tare da wani wakilin wani al'adu, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da irin wannan halin da wannan category.

Alal misali, mutane a kasashen yamma san da darajar lokaci, don haka da bata lokaci ba za a iya daukarsa a matsayin mai tauri laifi. Amma a cikin Larabawa ko kasashen Asiya marigayi babu mamaki. Bugu da ƙari, don fara wata al'ada kasuwanci tattaunawa, dole ne da farko magana game da wani abu, wato a kashe lokaci a kan rago chatter.

A mafi yawan lokuta, da wakilan daban-daban al'adu an shiryar da kadan Ganin cewa na lokaci na juna. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa m sadarwa da kuma ha] in gwiwar da wuya.

Saboda haka, kowane mutum dole ne su iya fahimtar tsarin na wucin gadi waje al'ada.

Bibliography E. Hall

Edward Hall, wanda littattafai suna yadu nema tsakanin binciken burbushin, ya zama mashahuri marubucin. Da wadannan ne jerin da ya fi shahara ayyukansu.

  • 1959 - "A shiru Harshe".
  • 1966 - "Hidden masu girma dabam."
  • 1976 - "Daga al'adu."
  • 1983 - "Dance na rayuwa, wani girma lokaci."
  • 1983-1985 gg. - "Hidden bambance-bambance: nazarin a fagen kasa da kasa da sadarwa."
  • 1987 - "Hidden bambance-bambance: Yin Business tare da Japan."
  • 1990 - "Juna Al'adu bambance-bambance: Jamus, Faransa da kuma Amirka."

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