The National Gallery a London (National Gallery). London ta National Gallery - zane-zane

Don ƙarni, duniya art aka nuna babban yabo da art masu sukar da kuma haraji, kazalika da haddasa m ni'ima al'ada, a gaskiya, da nisa daga mutane basira. Za ka yarda da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a wuce da canvases fentin goge Titans na Renaissance, ko da Impressionists. Ko rigima halittun da artists karni na ashirin da bai bar sha'aninsu dabam connoisseurs.

Mafi yawan waɗannan ayyukansu sun nuna a galleries da gidajen tarihi a warwatse a duniya. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - National Gallery a London, ginin da aka located a cikin zuciya na birnin, a kan Trafalgar Square. Yau, ta kudi ana sa, kuma a cikin nuni dakunan ne kusan 2,5 dubu zane-zane na kasashen yammacin Turai artists halitta a kan 7 ƙarni na tarihin duniya - daga XIII zuwa XX ƙarni. A halin yanzu, da London gallery ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau tarin na zane-zane a duniya.

Game da tarihin gallery

A farkon da XIX karni a Birtaniya, aka buɗe uku mafi muhimmanci gidajen tarihi na wanda aka baya kafa National Gallery a London: Burtaniya Museum, kafa a 1753, Dalidzhskaya gallery a Dulwich-Kollezhde aiki tun 1814 da kuma farfado da zane-zanen XVII-XVIII ƙarni. , Royal Academy, wanda aiki tun 1768 a matsayin ilimi ma'aikata da kuma nuni zauren, wanda ya ta da dukiya da muhimmanci ayyukan art.

Sai ya zama dole, domin kafa kasa tarin ayyukan art, kuma a 1824 aka ware da zama dole adadin da ka ciyar a kan kungiyar na gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma sayan tarin 38 zane-zane ta hanyar Yahaya. Yahaya. Angerstayna. Daga wannan lokacin ta fara zama National Gallery (Eng. National Gallery), wanda ya zama wuri na gidan Angerstayna located a kan titi Pall Mall (Eng. Pall Mall). A sabon gidan kayan gargajiya ya wanzu, ci gaba da inganta ta tarin ta hanyar sayayya da kuma kyaututtuka na biyu kungiyoyi da talakawa art masoya.

Domin shekaru hudu, daga 1834 zuwa 1838 shekaru, neo-gargajiya gini da aka gina, wanda aka tsara da Uilyam Uilkins. Yana da aka gina a tsakiyar London. The National Gallery, wani photo na wani zamani Gininsu, wanda za a iya gani a kasa, ya samo asali a cikin wadannan ganuwar babbar tsaron ɗakunan ajiya na zane-zane ta hanyar Turai artists. Amma da farko, wannan square da gidan kayan gargajiya shared Royal Academy of Arts, wanda ya koma a nan a 1869. A hankali, da tarin aka wadãtar, da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya ya yi girma, bukata sabon gine-gine, da na karshe na wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1991.

A yakin duniya na farko ba sa lalacewar da ginin, amma a lokacin na biyu da tara da bama-bamai tsanani lalace shi. Abin farin, duk da farfado da aka kwashe a gaba, da kuma bayan yaki, da National Gallery a London bude ziyara.

A duka nuni da aka gina a kan tushen kimiyya tarihi Hanyar da nuna duk zane-zane da aka shirya a shekara-shekara domin.

zane-zane Italiya

Mafi yawa daga cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin kunshi zane-zane ne na Italian artists. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa a cikin XIX karni, sa'an nan darektan na gallery samu zanen a cikin wannan kasar.

Tarin ya hada da ayyukan da Andrea Mantegna, Piero della Francesca, Daga Filippo Lippi, kuma Masaccio. Har ila yau adana a cikin tarin na zane-zane da Petro Perudzhino, Sandro Botticelli, 'yan hotuna da Raphael, Michelangelo da Leonardo Vinci.

Zane-zane na XVI karni da aka wakilta ayyukan Tintoretto da Giorgione. A karni XVII ne webs Giovanni Battista Tiepolo da Michelangelo da Caravaggio.

Dutch zanen

aiki Yana Van Eyck tsaye a waje, musamman cikin Dutch artists. tarin kuma siffofi da ayyuka da Hans Memling, Ieronima Boskha, babban batutuwa na waxanda suke da abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin shafukan na Sabon Alkawari na Littafi Mai Tsarki.

zane-zane Jamus

Daga cikin zane-zane na Jamus artists a zubar da London ta National Gallery, zane-zane na XVI karni.: Hans Holbein da Matasa, Lucas Cranach da Dattijon da Albrehta Dyurera.

Flemish zanen

Flemish zane-zane ne ga XVII karni. Yana ayyukan Antonisa Van Dyck, Bitrus da Bulus Rubens.

Daya daga cikin Masterpieces na tarin ne dauke da zanen "Lady na harpsichord" Yana Vermera na Delft.

Har ila yau a cikin tarin ne ayyuka da Yakoba Van Ruisdael, Rembrandt Van Reyna Garmensa da Frans Hals.

Mutanen Espanya zane

Spain zane-zane ne da ya fi shahara Masters na XVII karni: Diego Velaskes, Francisco de Zurbarán, El Greco. Har ila yau a cikin tarin da dama ayyukan Fransisko Goyya da biyu zane-zane ta hanyar Bartolomé Esteban Murillo.

Zane-zane da Faransa da Ingila

Zane-zane ta hanyar Faransa artists wakilci a cikin nuni da gallery na XVII karni. Shi ne musamman rarrabe aikin Nikola Pussena, Claude Lorrain.

Bugu da kari, da National Gallery a London riqe a cikin tarin zane-zane Fransua Bushe, Jean-Honore Fragonard, Antuana Vatto, Jean-Baptiste-Simeona Shardena, shafi cikin XVIII karni.

Rich a farfado da wani tarin Faransa zane-zane na XIX karni, gabatar a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya: shi ne Ezhen Delakrua, da kuma Jacques-Louis David kuma Jean-Auguste-Dominika Injiniya - haske wakilan impressionism.

A farkon karni XX tarin zane-zane ta hanyar artists aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci, kara bisa ga ayyukan Eduarda Mane, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Kamilya Pissaro.

A landmark ne zanen Anri Russo "Tiger a wurare masu zafi hadari," Awake a cikin al'umma amfani a primitivism. Wakilai daga post-impressionism zane-zane ta hanyar Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cezanne aka kuma gabatar a nan.

Tate ne mangaza ga babban taro na Turanci zanen. Akwai zane-zane ta hanyar William Hogarth, shugaban farko na Royal Academy Joshuwa Reynolds, kazalika da wuri mai faɗi da painters Dzhona Konstebla, Joseph William Turner.

Next zuwa National Gallery located wani, babu kasa ban sha'awa gidan kayan gargajiya - National Vertical Gallery. London shi yiwuwa a bar ba tare da ziyartar wadannan wurare guda biyu, daya daga wanda aka wakilta Turai zanen, kuma a karo na biyu ne da fiye da dubu biyu da hotuna na da muhimmanci Figures kamar Birtaniya da kuma a fadin duniya. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa wannan shi ne daya da kuma guda gidan kayan gargajiya. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba, suka raba kawai da kalmar "kasa" da kuma kasancewa a cikin wannan wuri - a tsakiyar London ta Trafalgar Square.