Birtaniya fenta Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Torner: Biography, kerawa

Bayani game da rayuwar wannan artist ne ba yawa, kuma masu yawa daga cikinsu da sabanin. An sani cewa William hankali bõye rayuwa da kuma musamman gurbata sada facts. Uilyam Terner - wani artist yake gaskanta cewa aikin zai yi magana game da shi mafi kyau. Bisa ga misali version, da haihuwa wurin William - London. Duk da haka, da artist kansa ya ayyana a daban-daban lokaci na rayuwa kamar yadda da dama yankuna na Ingila. Kuma akwai mai yawa saba wa juna a cikin tarihinsa.

Origin da kuma yaranta

Muna zaton cewa Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Terner (shekaru na rayuwa - 1775-1851) an haife shi a Birtaniya babban birnin kasar, London. Uba na da artist rike da wani shagon aski. A lokacin Turner, wadannan cibiyoyin kasance kamar yadda rare taron wurare, kamar turanci giya. A shagon aski mahaifin Joseph akwai kasida, painters kuma sassake. Uba dan rataye watercolors a kan garun for sale.

horo

Turner (kai-hoto ya gabatar a sama) a 1789 shigar da makaranta, wanda sarrafa a Royal Academy of Arts. Tuni a cikin shekaru 15 na farko lokacin da nuna masa watercolors a Academy of Uilyam Terner. Tarihinsa da aka alama a cikin shekaru na koyarwa a lokaci guda nazari da kuma aiki. William ƙware da dabara, wanda aka za'ayi topographical shimfidar - ainihin iri kananan Parks, a gidajen qasaita, Cathedrals da kuma gidãjen. Bugu da kari, ya yi aiki a kan wani umurni - kwashe ayyukan tsohon Masters.

Roko ga mai zanen

Creativity William Turner ba a iyakance ga watercolor. Artist a 1790 shekaru, ya yanke shawarar ya jũya zuwa mai zanen. A 1801, ya halicci wani zanen mai taken "The Danish kotu a iska", wanda shi ne wani kwaikwayo na Dutch Masters. Wannan aiki ya nuna da karin fasaha na matasa artist. Yana da aka yi haka da nagarta sosai, cewa wasu ko da tunanin cewa Turner kofe tsohon wuri mai faɗi.

Sabis a Royal Academy of Arts

The artist a 1802 an zabe ta Royal Academy of Arts. Uilyam Terner bauta shi har mutuwarsa. Ya lectured ga dalibai da kuma jama'a halarci kungiyar na nune-nunen.

"Landscape a kan Thames"

Turner a cikin lokaci daga 1806 zuwa 1812 halitta jerin almara - image banki. Thames. Daga gare su ne watercolor "Landscape a kan Thames" fentin kusa 1806 (in ba haka ba aikin da aka kira "Landscape da fari bakan gizo"). Nature, babban kuma m hali na artist, tunaninsa ƙara bayyana yadda ba kawai a matsayin majestic gani. Da wannan bango na abubuwan tarihin da taka leda daga. Turner fentin a cikin style na Dutch marina zamani labarin. The jigo na zanen - mutuwar wani fasinja jirgin. A wannan m teku image bautarka kashi biyu cikin uku na zane. M whitish kumfa Forms wata babbar itace a kan teku surface. Wannan kumshin core masana'anta. A tsakiyar shaft - wani maƙil jirgin ruwan. Shi ne kadai abu a cikin dukan abun da ke ciki, wanda ya rike, da sikeli. A dama shaft tsefe harbe jirgin ruwa mai filafili, wanda daga karshe ya rasa kwanciyar hankali. Rasa iko da mutuwa na kotu located a kan hagu da kuma a cikin zurfin yanar gizo. Broken su masts, an tsãge ta filafili kuma bene su flooded.

"Ku tafi, Hannibal Ketarewa Alps"

Wannan hoto da aka halitta a cikin shekara William Bonaparte ta mamayewa na Rasha. An sani cewa karshen aka kwatanta da Hannibal - kwamandan birnin jihar na Carthage takara mulkin Rum daga zamanin d Roma. Turner a yi amfani da abun da ke ciki na ya fi so zamba: wani m shiga fi ban mamaki ɓangare na zane. Flakes na snow, Blizzard suke saƙa a cikin wani babban mazurari, wanda tightens da rude sojoji a kogon duwãtsu. Abin mamaki m rubuta snowstorm. Uilyam Terner da zarar ya kalli shi a madadin wasu. The artist sketched da hadari ne kan mail ambulan, da kuma bayyana cewa, bayan shekaru 2 da snowstorm zai ga komai a kan zanen. A aikin da aka kammala a 1812.

Hoto da wani ban sha'awa tarihi

All virtuosity da kuma zama wuya tare da lokaci dabara na watercolor zanen da William. A 1818 ya halicci aiki "na farko-aji jirgin ruwa mai filafilai restocking". Kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido, da tarihi na halitta na gaba. Dan abokai na William Turner ya ce, baƙi dole zana wani jirgin ruwa mai filafilai. William ya dauki wani sheet, zuba a kan ruwa Paints takarda. To, a lõkacin da takarda ne rigar, ya fara Rub da shi, goge. Duk a farko da jũna m, amma hankali, kamar yadda idan da sihirinka, ya fara da za a haife cikin jirgin. Figure riga ta lokacin na biyu karin kumallo aka triumphantly gabatar.

"Liber Studiorum" da kuma rajista littattafai na Turanci marubuta

Uilyam Terner sau biyu aikata da graphics. A lokacin daga 1807 zuwa 1819, ya yi kokarin haifar da wani irin kundin sani na wuri mai faɗi a zana rubutu. Wannan aikin, da artist ya ba da Latin sunan, yana nufin "littafin nazarin" ( "Liber Studiorum"). Ya kamata ya yi shi a kan 100 zanen gado a cikin daban-daban dabaru na engraving. William so don nuna yadda a Turai zanen faru wuri mai faɗi da ci gaba. Wannan ra'ayin, duk da haka, ya kasa. Duk da haka, Turner ya kawo a cikin wannan aiki kungiyar fiye da sassake.

A 1820-30-ies William yi aiki a kan tsari don rajista da ayyukan English marubuci Valtera Skotta da kuma Samuel Rogers. Littatafan wadannan marubuta dadin babban rabo mai girma, don haka da kwafi na zane da William sun rataye a kusan kowane English gidan.

"Ulysses izgili da Polyphemus"

A 1829, bayan da tafiya zuwa Italiya, da artist Ya halitta daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin art tarihi zane-zane. A aikin da aka kira "Ulysses izgili da Polyphemus". Raskin kira wannan zanen ya "tsakiyar aikin". "Ulysses" - aiki ne da ake kira wasan kwaikwayo shimfidar wuri, melodrama. Yana lura da cewa da rana ya cika galley Ulysses ko a sassa inda ta haskoki ba zai iya shiga cikin wani hanya, da kuma cewa ya yi yawa mai girma a bambanci tsakanin haske da safe sama da duhun kogon Cyclops. Duk da haka, William rashin dacewar wannan irin da aka taba rude. Yana qara size of belfries da kuma gidãjen, ta motsa su inda ya yi tunani shi wajibi ne, idan hoton tsarin bukaci da shi. Bugu da kari, Turner ne sau da yawa ya karu sonority na launi, idan ta amfana da dukan magana.

"Wuta na London ta majalisar"

Turner fasaha kokuwa yana nufin tsakiyar 1830s. William ya zanen darussa a bude ranar, ya kawo karshen zane-zane a nan. A cikin idanu na mamaki da kuma m masu sauraro na artists Turner 'yan sa'o'i kusan gama aikin a kan "Wuta na London ta majalisar", da hoto a 1835. Sam ya a wuta a shekarar da ta shige, a 1834. Ban mamaki spectacle kallo da daruruwan mutane. Turner warai girgiza da wannan haukan abubuwa. A kan tabo da artist sanya 9 watercolors. A shekara daga baya, a kan su akai, ya rubuta wani babban mai zanen.

"A karshe jirgin na jirgin Jarumi"

Wannan aikin da aka fara gabatar a 1839. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aikin da William. An sani cewa artist ya matukar alfahari da wannan aikin, ina aka haka a haɗe zuwa ta cewa bai yarda ya sayar a kowane farashi.

Turner fentin da saitin rana, a kan wani bango da rashin girgije daga abin da muka tsayar da motsi na "Jarumi". Wannan jirgin, wani tsohon soja na yakin Trafalgar. A kananan kai-propelled jirgin ruwa kwal-baki towed zuwa ga tudu na Thames yãƙi general. Ga shi za a dismantled. Mafi m, da hoton labarin haifa a cikin tunanin William, kuma aka ba kofe daga yanayi. Sad da lyrical image na wani dilapidated jirgin ruwa wakiltar wani bygone zamanin sailing jiragen ruwa. Bugu da kari, shi hidima a matsayin tunatarwa da transience dukan kõme.

"Bawa Ship"

Da fataucin bayi ga dama ƙarni ya kasance daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na samun kudin shiga na Ingila. Majalisar a lokacin rayuwa da Turner soma wani dokar, bisa ga abin da fataucin aka haramta. Duk da haka, na dogon lokaci, a tabo a kan lamiri daga cikin al'umma ta firgita tunanin kasida, marubuta da kuma artists. A hoto dogara ne a kan wani real taron. Shari bayi kyaftin yanke shawarar jettison da mutanen da suka zama lafiya tare da kwalara, kamar yadda bisa ga dokar kafin su sami inshora kawai ya iya domin wadanda suka mutu a cikin teku. Saboda haka, da warware daga wuce haddi da kaya jirgin daga hadari. Bayi, watsi da su, ya halaka a cikin tãguwar ruwa. Jikinsu suna plagued da predatory kifi, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ruwa yana stained da jini.

Turner ta baya aiki

Ya kamata a lura cewa Turner ta daga baya aikin rubuta m, sauki, sauri da shanyewar jiki. The artist zaba haske launuka, kaunace fari da kuma tabarau na kasa-kasa da kuma rawaya. Ya taba amfani a cikin ayyukansu na baki da kuma kore launuka. Turner ta halitta, a 1840 shi zama ƙara m ga jama'a. The artist sa'an nan kusantar da torrent na ruwan sama, ta hanyar abin da kawai ganin shaci jirgin (hoto 1832 "Staffa, kogon Fingal"), da bawa jirgin, daga abin da teku ne tsayar da lafiya Negroes (da muka ambata a sama aiki "Bawa jirgin", a 1840), da runaway jirgin kasa ( hoto 1844 "Rain, tururi da kuma gudun"). Saboda haka, quite kwatsam, William da kuma sensitively karɓa kira zuwa ga zamani events. Ya sũranta ban sha'awa da kuma poetic nasarori da ci gaban fasaha, da kuma ayyuka na mutane - m, kuma m.

"Rain, Steam kuma Speed"

Wannan aikin da aka gabatar a Royal Academy of Arts a 1844. Daga cikin zurfin da sarari cika da hayaki da tururi wajen viewer jirgin kasa ɗauke da gada a kan kogin Thames. A contours na mota yada fitar a ruwan kasa tabo ci da cikakken bayaninsa. Wannan halitta da alama na azumi motsi. Domin wannan aiki, Turner ta Sahaban sun m. Da yawa daga cikinsu ya bayyana shakku game da gaskiya daga cikin image na scene.

wasiya na William

Uilyam Terner, hoto wanda ba a yi amfani da tsohon shahararsa, sannu a hankali ya fara rasa sha'awa a cikin jama'a. Ya wuya nuna ayyukansu, lokaci mai tsawo ɓuya daga magoya kuma abokai. William ya mutu ya bar zuriyarsu lengthy wasiya. Ya karshen fatan da aka bude ta da wuraren zuwa asibitin wani artists, kazalika da gallery ya zane-zane. Bugu da kari, ya so a makarantar kimiyya aji na wuri mai faɗi zanen da aka halitta. Duk da haka, shi ya juya waje in ba haka ba: zane-zane, da almara da kuma watercolors ne kawai wasiyya da cewa ya bar Uilyam Terner. Ya zane-zane kama da ban mamaki duniya, wanda suka ga artist. Suka gudanar da immortalize sunan ta mahalicci.

Terner Uilyam Yusufu, waɗanda ayyukansu a yau ne na babban amfani a duniya - gane master, wanda aka yaba da Impressionists. A cikin ayyukansu zana su baki da fari effects, teku motifs da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara weather, dũkiyar tabarau na fari. Ko da yake ya kamata a lura da cewa irin "wuri mai faɗi-bala'i", don haka yadu wakilci a cikin ayyukan William, shi ne dan hanya a gare su.