"A hanya na rayuwa" a fadin Lake Ladoga: tarihi facts

The Siege na Leningrad dade 872 kwanaki. A wannan lokaci na yunwa sun kashe fiye da daya da mutane miliyan. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na II wuce Nuremberg gwaji na Nazi da kuma farkisanci laifi.

Soviet wakilan sun tuhume shi da kwamandan na "Arewa" kungiyar na Jamus sojojin, saboda ayyuka da cewa, sun kashe wani adadin fararen hula a kewaye birni. A wannan cajin, Janar von Leeb da aka wanke. Duk da yake a cikin Geneva Convention ya ba tukuna aka rajista abu daga wanda aka haramta yin amfani da yunwa a matsayin soja dabarun da farar hula, yawan.

Tsira a cikin kewaye birni bashi bayyanar babbar hanyar mota ( "Road of Life"), ta hanyar Lake Ladoga. An yarda su karya da kawancen zobe saboda ta ɓangaren da Leningrad ba zai iya tsira ba tare da kai abinci.

Ma'ana deben hanya

Ya yi aiki hanya daga kaka 1941 zuwa spring 1943. Ta nada aka sanya saboda da kewaye Leningrad (St. Petersburg) tare da kasar. Hukumance aka kira soja karauka lambar 101.

Tun a watan Satumba 1941, Soviet sojoji da kuma fararen hula da aka kewaye da Jamus da kuma Finnish sojojin. Birnin yana da ba a shirye domin kawancen da ba su da zama dole kayayyaki abinci da man fetur. Delivering abin da kuke bukatar iya zama jirgin sama, ko a fadin lake.

"A hanya na rayuwa" a fadin Lake Ladoga yarda da su fice da yawan jama'a da kuma jera su samar da tsira da abinci.

Motsi a kan kankara

Tun Oktoba 1941, binciken domin gina hanya a fadin Lake Ladoga, an rufe ta kankara a hunturu. Bayan na farko lissafin, yi a watan Nuwamba. Yana da aka zaci cewa, da nisa daga hanya zai zama mita 10, don haka da cewa inji iya matsar lokaci guda a cikin biyu kwatance. Kowane 5-7 kilomita gina musamman abubuwa domin dumama.

Shugabanci na hanya da aka zaba bisa kasancewa zaunanniya kankara murfin. Ya yi tsayayya nauyi. Babban yanayin sufuri shi ne Gaz-AA, da ake kira a "polutorka" mutane. Don hana kankara taro kasawa tsakanin inji ya zama m rabuwa na mita 100. A lokaci guda, a fadin lake aka aza Railway line.

Kaddamar "Way of Life" (Leningrad) ya faru kusa da gaba line, shi ake bukata kariya da samar da soja raka'a. Garin kankara hanya rabi yana da biyu tsaron Lines ta amfani da wani katako, frame, sandbags wanda promorazhivalis kankara. Kowane daya zuwa biyu kilomita aka shigar anti-aircraft da bindigogi, da kuma kowane uku kilomita - karamin-zamo kamar manyan bindigogi bindigogi. Daga cikin iska bututu kare shida Fighter Wing.

A lokacin farko hunturu na kewaye a kan "Road of Life" da aka kwashe fiye da 500,000 mutane kuma Muka tsĩrar da kimanin 250 dubu ton na abinci. M shi ya gari, hatsi, hatsi, nama kayayyakin, fats, kayan lambu, kwayoyi, bushe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, bitamin C. Work ci gaba kankara hanya a cikin hunturu 1942-1943 shekara.

Trucking a ruwa

Tare da narkewa daga cikin kankara hanya fadin Lake Ladoga ba suka daina wanzuwa. A cikin bazara na shekarar 1942 ya hanya zuwa safarar da kankara kewayawa a kan ruwa. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa kankara har yanzu a wasu wurare, da tazara tsakanin Madubin fadin lake yi wata daya. A watan Afrilu, a kan kankara da su safarar kayan da sun kasance ba zai yiwu, da kuma ruwan baji iya tafi kawai daga karshen watan Mayu.

A kasar shugabanci ya zama dole don gudanar da wani aiki don mayar da lalace tasoshin. A aiki, babu fiye da 15 Bartmann-Wulf. Mun yanke shawarar gina Bartmann-Wulf a wurin. A dandamali ga aikin da aka ~ angaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda niƙa a Syasstroy. A lokaci guda a cikin Birnin Leningrad, ya fara yi daga karfe kayayyakin da aka hawa ga karshe taro da dogo.

Kariya hanyar tsunduma antiaircraft manyan bindigogi rarrabu, regiments filayen-hallaka. Sun yi yaqi tare da sojojin na Jamus-Finnish-Italian jiragen ruwa.

A lokacin 1942 da ruwa da aka kwashe game da 400 dubu mazaunan, tsĩrar da abinci zuwa 350 dubu tons. A birnin 290.000 sojoji shi an jẽfo. Bugu da kari ga kayayyakin da man fetur da kayayyakin a cikin birnin da aka kawo shanu da dawaki.

Tun Afrilu 1943 ci gaba sufuri a fadin lake. Ko da yake adadin su ya rage a matsayin wani gagarumin ɓangare na dukiya riga hawa da dogo, wanda aka fara a 1942.

Da shi shi ne "Road of Life" (Leningrad) daya?

The na aikin hanya da aka dauke su a hanya na Kokoreva Kobona zuwa lake. Wannan zare nasaba da babban birni a kasar. Wannan bayani za a iya samu a litattafan da kuma hanya domin yawon bude ido. Duk da haka, akwai bayanai da wanda da "Road of Life" a fadin Lake Ladoga dauki wani daban-daban hanya. A wanzuwar wasu kai Lines nuna da yawa daga cikin hujjojin.

Savanin a lissafin

Tabbatarwa da wanzuwar dama hanyoyi ne sauki lissafin. Sabõda haka, domin na farko hunturu hanya blockades yi aiki da kwanaki 150. Yana da aka hukumance gabãtar game da 350 dubu ton na kaya. Sai dai itace cewa rana daya a Birnin Leningrad, tsĩrar da 2,400 tons.

Shari kaya "lori" a cikin jiki wanda za a iya ɗora Kwatancen da rabi tons. Wani rabin ton iya hašawa zuwa seleji. Wannan shi ne daya gudu Laden to damar inji iya fassara biyu tons. Kowace rana hanya haye 1200 cikakken ɗora Kwatancen "polutorok". Duk da haka, da suka da su matsa a duka kwatance.

Ice bai iya tsayayya da irin wannan mãsu alãma. The fiye da haka, domin a cikin Baya ga manyan motoci a kan babbar hanya cruising da kuma bas da aka dauka a lokacin wadannan kwanaki 150, game da rabin miliyan fararen hula. Har ila yau, a kan Ladoga hawa tankuna, daga abin da harbe makami hasumiya don sauƙaƙe nauyi asara. Wuya a kawancen "Road of Life" da zai gagara irin wannan lodi, duk da karin cewa kankara amsa kamar yadda a hanya.

Tatsuniya sunken truck

A lokacin kai da kankara dauki game da dubu motoci. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu a yanzu a karkashin ruwa. Lokacin da ruwa a cikin tafkin ne musamman bayyanannu, matukan jirgin gani kama da shaci na lorries. Su ne ba ko da yaushe a kan hukuma hanya na da waƙa. Wasu daga cikin su suna located daruruwan kilomita bãya daga cikin sanannun ga dukan "Road of Life".

Akwai takardun daga wanda ya bayyana sarai cewa wasu direbobi janye daga hanya domin tsabar kudi a kan harkokin sufuri da kuma zuba wasu daga cikin load. Duk da haka, irin wannan lokuta kasance ba haka ba mutane da yawa, da kuma motoci, sunk daga hanya, akwai mutane da yawa daruruwan. Saboda haka tambayar ko da Leningrad Lake Ladoga bayar kawai ta guda hanya, wajen kawo rigima.

A dalilan ga wanzuwar dama hanyoyi

Official Road ( "Way of Life" a fadin Lake Ladoga) № 101 Kokoreva -Kobona lalle wanzu da kuma gudanar da ayyukanta. Duk da haka, da lissafin da wuri na da yawa sunken truck cewa ta ba zai iya zama cikin daya kawai.

All maps da takardu a cikin al'amarin sun dade da aka classified da kuma adana a musamman archives. Zai yiwu halin asiri ne saboda wani so ba ya bayyana duk hanyoyi a taron na wani yaki.

A dalilan for wanda zai iya zama da dama waƙoƙi:

• Hadari daga Jamus da jirgin sama. The saran magabaci daga cikin German iska karfi ya undeniable a cikin hunturu na 1941. Ake sanya hanya a fadin lake, da Jamus a kai a kai bamai da shi. Don rage girman asarar iska hare-hare, da hanya canji ya zama dole. A farko Lines aka aza kusa da gaba da lake, amma a matsayin karfi a cikin kankara, da hanya da aka za'ayi kusa da cibiyar.

• A kankara bai kula da akai load. Shaidu daga waɗanda shekara nuna cewa hanya zai wuce kawai 60-70 motoci. Bugu da ari, kankara ta fara zuwa crack, shi ya ɗauki lokaci domin ya dawo. Saboda haka, da motsi ya matsa zuwa wani sabon hanya. Birnin Leningrad, in ba haka ba ba za su iya samun cewa adadin kaya.

Samar da wani jirgin line

Tare da manyan kaya sufuri a jihar iya sarrafa kawai railway. By 1942, a gabashin tudu da lake da aka sanya a kan layi. Yana yiwuwa a kara kaya. Godiya ga duk kawancen na Birnin Leningrad, wadannan hanyoyi da aka partially cire.

A tunawa da tsage kawancen

Daruruwan dubban mutane sun a da hannu a kula da kiwon lafiya na kankara murfin. Suka zauna a kan kankara, ciko sakamakon fasa, gina da katako cikas. A feat daga wadannan mutane, kazalika da direbobi kansu, yana da wuya a kimanta da real abu. Farashin rayuwar mutane da yawa daga gare su, kawancen da aka dauke. Lake Ladoga ya amfanin ƙasa, wanda a yarda ya karya da zobe na mutuwa saboda mutane da yawa m fararen hula.

Tare da onshore sashe daga Birnin Leningrad, ya zuwa Ladoga ne Monuments da aka sadaukar domin da "Road of Life". Dukan su wani bangare ne na tunawa da "Green Belt Ɗaukaka", wanda kara for yawa kilomita. Memorial kunshi bakwai Monuments, commemorative ginshiƙai 46 a kan babbar hanya, 56 ginshikan da dogo.

A mafi abin tunawa Monuments ne 40 da kuma 103 km karauka. Na farko shi ne a bikin tunawa da "Aparted zobe" (m Filippov VG) wanda alama ce ta rata blockaded zobe kafa Jamus Finnish sojojin a kan Leningrad daga kaka 1941 shekara. 103 km ne, kunã yin wãsa "almara lori" (m Levenkov AD). Ya kwatanta da wata na'ura da ke, watse kankara.