Siyasa danniya. Wadanda ke fama da siyasa danniya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Siyasa danniya - shi ne mai m kuma na jini lokaci a cikin tarihi na fatherland. Ya zo a lokacin da kasar da aka jagorancin Iosif Stalin. Wadanda ke fama da siyasa danniya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - da miliyoyin mutanen da suka yi an daure da kuma yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, ko mutuwa. Masu bincike sun lura da musamman mummunan sakamakon cewa da events 1920-1950-ies. Da farko, a cikin shekaru na siyasa danniya daidaitawa da mutuncin Soviet jama'a, ta alƙaluma da tsarin.

Jigon tsõro

Mass siyasa repressions ya faru a lokacin daga 1937 zuwa 1938. Wannan zamani ne kuma ake kira da "Great Firgitar". A cewar Medushevsky, wadannan matakan da za a iya kira da ababen more rayuwa ga kayan aiki kafa Stalinist tsarin mulki. The bincike yi imanin cewa, akwai da dama daban-daban hanyoyin bayani, yana kuma fahimtar jigon "Great Firgitar", da tasiri na daban-daban dalilai, da tsarin hukumomi, da asalin da ya ra'ayin. Ma'ana rawa, ba shakka, nasa ne da babban asirin 'yan sanda na kasar - GUGB NKVD da Stalin.

yanayin Features

Siyasa danniya, kamar yadda da yawa zamani Rasha masana tarihi, domin mafi yawan bangare, ba kawai keta data kasance dokokin, amma kuma a da doka ta asali - Kundin Tsarin Mulki. A musamman, da musu ya haifar da karin-shari'a jikuna a cikin manyan yawa. A halayyar za a iya dauke, da kuma cewa wani gagarumin yawan takardun da aka sanya hannu da Stalin kansa lokacin bude fayiloli. Wannan ya nuna cewa kusan duk siyasa danniya aka izini da su.

Ƙarfafa na Stalin ta ikon

Siyasa danniya a shekaru 30 da suka fara zama tartsatsi da farkon masana'antu da kuma collectivization na gonaki. Yana da aka bayar da muhimmanci da kuma samun sirri ikon Stalin. Siyasa danniya shãfe masana kimiyya. Alal misali, mutane da dama daga cikinsu sun kaso a cikin hali "na Academy of Sciences". A 1932 hudu marubuta da aka aiko zuwa hijira saboda takara a "Siberian birged." Daruruwan jami'an da suka yi aiki a cikin Red Army, da aka kama. Dukan su ya faru a cikin yanayin da "Spring". A daidai wannan lokacin, da siyasa danniya da za'ayi a kan da "kasa ɓatattu."

A halin da ake ciki a cikin jamhuriyoyin

A Tatar da Crimean mai cin gashin kanta ta Tsakiya, da wasu manyan jami'an da aka kama. Su da aka gudanar a cikin hali na "Sultan-Galyiv kungiyar na counter-yunkuri", a cikin abin da sarki da aka ayyana Sultan-Galiev - Tatar kwaminis. A zaman kansa yan kasuwa da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, wanda aka baya maye gurbinsu da ake tsare a remand shekaru 10. A Belarus, a 30-31 shekaru. An yi Allah wadai da wakilan Hukumar na'ura na jamhuriyar. Su aka caje a dangane da yanayin da "Union of Liberation", a cikin wanda kuma gudanar da 86 kimiyya da al'adu Figures. A cikin bazara na 30th shekara an bude aiwatar a Ukraine. A cikin hali na "Union of Liberation na Jamhuriyar" ya faru fiye da mutane 40. A kai da ake zargi ya Efremov - mataimakin shugaban kasar AUAS. Kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin zargin, "Union of Liberation na Jamhuriyar" An nufin kifar da gwamnatin Soviet da kuma zuwa juya Ukraine a cikin wata kasa sarrafawa da kuma dogara a kan daya daga cikin makwabtaka da bourgeois kasashen waje. Duk da hannu a cikin al'amarin amsa laifi. Shan la'akari da ikirari da kuma tuba daga cikin kare kansu, kisa da aka maye gurbinsu 8-10 shekaru na kurkuku. Nine mutane samu matukar lokaci. A Kharkov, a cikin hali na "soja kungiyar na Ukraine" da aka gudanar 148 mahalarta. A dangane da wannan tsari, da aka kama a Moscow a 1934, da shekara Poloz. Ya rike matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasafin kudin hukumar na CEC da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin 20s ya yi aiki Poloz jakadan na Ukraine a Moscow, da Tarayyar Soviet Mutane ta Commissar kudi da shugaban jihar Planning Hukumar. Ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru goma a gidan yari.

"Janar tsabtatawa" na CPSU (b)

Yana da aka za'ayi a 33-34 shekaru, sa'an nan a koma a May 35th. A lokacin da tsaftacewa na jam'iyyar, wanda ya hada 1.916.500 members, 18.3% da aka cire. A cewar karshen aiwatar da muka fara gudanar da "tabbaci na jam'iyyar takardun." Yana dade har Disamba 35 na shekara. A cikin shakka daga wannan aiki, ya kara da wani 10-20 dubu kama. "Maye takardun" da aka za'ayi daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba 36 ga watan shekara. A gaskiya, shi ne mai ci gaba da fara "tsarkakewa" na 33-35 shekaru. A farko wuri, suna kawo wa gaskiya suna cire daga jam'iyyar. Ganiya kama faru a 37-38 shekaru. a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, wadanda ke fama da siyasa danniya a cikin shekaru biyu na karshe sun sosai yawa. A wannan lokacin, an gurfanar da fiye da mutane miliyan 1.5 zuwa mutuwa yanke hukuncin daurin 681.692 dan kaso.

Moscow gwaji

A lokacin daga 1936 zuwa 1938 ya faru da shawara na uku babban abubuwa. Mahalarta sake nazari cikin ayyukan da CPSU (b), da suka shafi cikin 20-30s a dama ko Trotskyist 'yan adawa. A} asashen waje, da waɗannan abubuwa da ake kira "Moscow gwaji". Kama da aka tuhuma da hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen yammacin leken ga kungiyar na kisan gillar da Stalin da sauran Soviet shugabanni, da halakar da Tarayyar Soviet, da maido da tsarin jari hujja da kuma kawo cutar da daban-daban tattalin arziki sassa. A farko aiwatar da ya faru a 1926, a watan Agusta. Zargi jam'iyyun "Trotsky-Zinoviev Center". Babban laifin sun Kamenev da Zinoviev. Bugu da kari ga sauran zargin, ya aka tuhuma da kisan da Kirov da kuma kungiyar na da makircin da Stalin. A karo na biyu idan na "layi daya anti-Soviet Trotskyite Center" ta shãfe 17 karami manajoji a 1937. Babban zargi sun sa'an nan Sokolnikov, Pyatakov da Radek. By mutuwar mutane 13 da aka yankewa hukuncin, da sauran da aka aiko zuwa ga azaba sansanonin, wanda ya mutu nan da nan. The uku aiwatar da ya faru a shekara ta 1938, daga 2nd zuwa 13th of Maris. Ya aka tuhuma da 21 mahalarta "Dama Trotskyite kungiyar". Babban laifin sun Rykov da Bukharin. suka jagoranci "dama 'yan adawa" a 1928-29.

"Yana Tukhachevskogo"

Wannan tsari ya faru a 1937, a watan Yuni. An yi Allah wadai da wani gungun jami'an na Red Army, ciki har da Tukhachevsky. Suka dangana ga kungiyar na shirye-shirye ga wani juyin mulkin soja. Bayan wani lokaci, da Soviet jagoranci ta taro purges aka za'ayi a cikin umurnin na Red Army. Ya kamata a lura da cewa biyar daga cikin takwas mambobi ne na musamman Shari'a Hukumar, hukuncin kisa kaso na "Tukhachevsky", baya ma an kama. Wannan, musamman, Kashirin, Alksnis, Dybenko, Belov, Blucher.

azabtarwa

Don samun ikirari amfani da fairly m matakan. Kusan dukkan su sun sanctioned da Stalin da kaina. A lokacin da "Khrushchev ta narke" na Soviet m ofishin audited da dama kula da harkokin siyasa da kuma kungiyar matakai. A lokacin da ta gurbata lokuta da aka gano a matsayin "dole" shaida da aka samu ta yin amfani da azabtarwa. Ba bisa doka ba danniya, azabtar da fursunonin da aka quite na kowa. Saboda haka, misali, akwai shaida cewa wani dan takarar memba na Politburo Eiche a interrogations aka karya kashin baya, da kuma Blücher mutu daga kufan din duka. Stalin (as nuna ta tarihi) karfi da shawarar yin amfani da duka don samun bayanai.

A dokar "Game da wadanda ke fama da siyasa repressions"

Yana da aka soma a shekara ta 1991, ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba. Tun lokacin da shigarwa cikin karfi, da kuma 2004 da fiye da 630-dubu mutane da aka gyara. Wasu fursunoni, misali, da yawa zauna jagorancin mukamai a NKVD, mutanen da suka halarci ko ya alaka da ta'addanci da kuma aikata laifi laifukan da ba siyasa yanayi, da aka gane a matsayin "ba batun fi." A general, sai aka dauke fiye da 970-dubu aikace-aikace.

memory

A Rasha da kuma sauran tsohon jamhuriyoyin ne sau daya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da aka gudanar a shekara Rãnar wadanda Siyasa danniya. A talatin na Oktoba shirya tarurruka, daban-daban al'adu da ilimi events. A Ranar wadanda Siyasa danniya kasar tunawa da wadanda aka azabtar, harbe mutane, da yawa daga cikinsu suka kawo a saboda lokaci mai girma amfani da fatherland da zai zo da shi a kan. Wannan, musamman, shi ne wani jerin umurnin sojojin kasar, kimiyya da al'adu Figures. Mutane da yawa makarantu shirya "live darussa" na tarihi. Har kwanan nan, sun m tarurruka da suka tsira halarta wadannan abubuwan, da 'ya'yansu, a cikin memory daga wanda ya zauna da wannan mummunan lokaci. Babban events an gudanar a cikin Solovetsky Stone (Lubyanka Square) da kuma a Butovo harbe-harben kewayo. Gangamin da kuma zanga a St. Petersburg. Babban events an gudanar a kan Triniti Square da kuma Levashovskaya marar amfani.