Howitzer "Peony": halaye. Kai-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion"

Halarce NATO soja kungiyoyin da kasashen na Warsaw yarjejeniya a cikin marigayi sittin - farkon seventies sami aggravated. Events a Czechoslovakia, da akai ginawa-up na Amurka nukiliya gaban a backdrop na gudana Vietnam War, da yawa yankin rikice-rikice - duk wannan ya sa mafi pessimistic tsammanin don zaman lafiya nan gaba. A soja rukunan Tarayyar Soviet bayar ba kawai wani tunani na yiwu ta'adi da instantaneous miƙa mulki ga m domin canja wurin aiki yanki na aiki a kan wata ta ƙasa. Don aiwatar da wannan shirin, mai iko sojojin ƙungiyõyin sõyayya a cikin County da aka kafa a yammacin ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet. Murkushe masu garu line m abokan gaba, sun kasance a wani rikici da yawa irin na makamai, ba kawai tsaron gida amma kuma m. Wata irin wannan kayan aiki da kuma zama wani kai-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion", iya harbe-harben ba kawai na al'ada (ayukan iska mai ƙarfi), amma kuma ta musamman zargin. A soja harshen haka ya kira makaman nukiliya.

tarihi baya

A farko Soviet nukiliya warhead aka samu nasarar gwada a 1949. Amma 'yan suna da makaman kare dangi, domin ta aikace-aikace isarwa tsarin da ake bukata. A wannan lokacin, kadai hanya zuwa nukiliya yajin jirgin sama da aka saka bom da Stalin ta Tarayyar Soviet shi ne a zubar da daya kawai irin jirgin sama, iya kawo Multi-ton m kaya nisa isa. Tu-4 kofe daga wani American B-29, da "manyan" kai hare-hare a kan Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki. Amma Soviet manyan bindigogi da tsarin da aka matsayin na biyu to babu wani, kuma daya daga cikin na farko shi ne ra'ayin amfani da su domin harbe-harben makaman nukiliya ragargaza kananan iya aiki. Daga baya, bayan da fiye da biyu shekarun da suka gabata, howitzer "Peony" ya zama wani real materialization na zane ideas, sa'an nan, a cikin farkon hamsin hamsin, shi kokarin yi, amma ba sosai samu nasarar. Gwaje-gwaje na kai-propelled bindigogi da kuma nauyi rokoki 2A3 2B1 saukar da dama na asali flaws daga cikin wadannan tsarin, yafi saboda su bulkiness da nauyi nauyi. A zamanin mulkin N. S. Hruscheva manyan bindigogi tsaya ga la'akari da zamani makamai. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, shi ne wanda bai kai ba.

dabara aiki

A lokacin da manyan sikelin-dabarun m aiki, bisa ga soja theorists da generals, a lokaci na farko da shi wajibi ne don kashe Aljihuna na juriya, kũtsa a cikin hargitsi na sadarwa da kuma kula da abokan gaba, game da shi, sa mafi lalacewar ta tsaron iyawa. Don cim ma wannan aiki a zamaninmu amfani da dabara makamai masu linzami, harin da kuma kai hari da jirgin sama da sauran hanyar da wuta daukan hotuna, ciki har da masu dogon zango manyan bindigogi. A amfani da karshen ne zumunta cheapness na kowane shot (idan aka kwatanta da roka) da kuma matsala kashi makami mai linzami da wani atomic cajin a cikin iska. A gun kamata da yawan fasaha Manuniya, daga cikinsu da babba wadanda su ne: da harbe-harben da kewayon (ba kasa da 25 km, ko radiological samu a cikin girgije zai samu da sojojin), Yã isa zama taro na jħfa-cajin (kamar quintal) da kuma wani wajen high ainihin. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" ya gana da wadannan bukatun, haka ma, shi ne a yau dauke da duniya da ya fi iko manyan bindigogi tsarin.

Coordination da kuma tapped

Dry facts ruwaito da zamani mai karatu da cewa ci gaban kai-propelled bindigogi fara a 1967, da spring na shekarar 1970, da sharuddan da reference karshe an tsara, da kuma da tsakiyar 70s na farko kofe na sabon samfurin fara hallara a Soviet Army. Duk da haka, nan da nan da hikaya, da kuma hali ne da ya fi tsayi. Howitzer "Peony" haife shi a zafi. A farko model, aka yi da itace a cikin halitta size, shugabanci na Tarayyar Soviet, ma'aikatar tsaron da kuma masana na Leningrad harbi Academy da aka ƙi. To, akwai mutane da rigingimu a kan zamo kamar, saboda gun aka nufi ba kawai ga harbi spetszaryadami, amma kuma da saba taro samar da makamai masu linzami tsaron hadaddun. Bayan da yawa tattaunawa abokan ciniki tsaya a 203 millimeters x samarwa factory wakilan "shinge" a matsayin ganiya size. Selection na shasi ya ma wuya, shasi T-10 da kuma tankuna T-64 bai dace saboda wani m pullback. A karshen, yarjejeniya da aka kai. Kirov factory matsayin shugaban developer na aikin tsara wani howitzer "Peony" da aka aiwatar. A gun aka wakkala a shuka "barricades" (Volgograd). Neman gaba, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da cewa duka biyu kamfanoni sun yi nasarar sun jimre da aiki na gwamnati.

layout sulke gidaje

Layout zane na kai-propelled bindigogi a yau ze sauki, amma ta ci gaba da ya nema a mai yawa kokarin. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" kunshi biyu main raka'a, da shasi da kuma kai tsaye aiwatar. Housing sa ido shasi ne zuwa kashi hudu compartments. A kula da dakin, located a gaban mashin ne kwamandan, akwai mai kõra da daya daga cikin lissafi na sojoji. Wannan ne bi da wani ikon daki a cikinta saka iko dizal propulsion. Next daki nufi ga kayan sawa a waje kai tsari yana da biyu ko uku (dangane da gyara) kirga members. Akwai ku stowed ammonium. Hay 2S7 "pion" rike makamai da kuma farantin-mabudin, wakiltar wani irin injin buldoza guga da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive. A lokacin da harbi da na'urar da ke shiga cikin ƙasa zuwa 70 cm da kuma daukan da recoil makamashi.

Juyawa hasumiya a wannan yaki inji ba.

The gidaje yana da wani biyu-Layer bulletproof booking, Munã rage a hali na nukiliya hari tareda žata sakamako na gamma radiation da rabi.

Ikon naúrar bayar a cikin dizal-46-1, shi ne 750 lita. wani. kai-powered lantarki janareta ne da za'ayi, rotatable 24-horsepower engine, kuma aiki a kan solyarovoe man fetur. Inji watsa, wani tanki (daga T-72).

Bakwai hanya rollers, suna da mutum na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers, abu na biyu na gaba, waƙa - baya.

Lokacin da zane na shasi mai yawa da hankali da aka biya don maintainability kuma kowa na da riga tabbatar a kan tankuna raka'a.

makami

A karkashin jagorancin Cif Designer GI Sergeeva KB Volgograd shuka "barricades" ya iya ƙirƙirar musamman makami. A saba duniya yi ɓullo da monoblock zane na babban taro na wani gun. Wannan yana nufin cewa ganga da breech ake yi na daya karfe yanki monolithic. Wannan fasaha yana da abũbuwan amfãni, amma shi ma yana da wani gagarumin drawback. Ganga na makami daga harbe-harben da lalacewa, kuma a wannan yanayin dole ne a maye gurbin gaba daya tare da breech. Howitzer "pion", da bindiga wanda za a iya disassembled, da wuya ya tsirar, amma yana da sauki a gyara. Threaded part za a iya maye gurbinsu, ko da a cikin filin. Wannan zane da aka samarwa a cikin XIX karni m A. Kolokoltsev da Obukhov factory, amma sai ya gane shi iya ba, domin fasaha dalilai, kuma a nan ne wani tunani na talented Rasha kirkiro ya same ta cikin jiki.

A duk sauran madaidaci howitzer 203 mm "Peony" - shi ne ya fi kowa makami, duk da haka, shi ne mai iko sosai. A talking bangare yana da wani toothed baka ga kafa da tadawa kwana zuwa 60 °, azurta resetting da azimuth kwana na 30 deg., The muzzle birki ba ba (wannan kuma samar da abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin kananan high-matsa lamba kalaman), da Ƙofar tura-Pull fistan. Amma wadannan bayanai da suke ban sha'awa kawai kwararru.

Yadda za a yi cajin

Staff na munition makamai nauyi isa, shi zai iya auna har zuwa 110 kg. Saboda haka, kai-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion" sanye take da wani inji na'urar da jan kafar da kuma ramut. A harsashi za a iya dauke daga ƙasa, kõ kuwa truck, nuna kwana canji ba lallai ba ne a wannan harka. Saiti haka ba karya. A gaggawa lokuta, kuma nema musamman gadon ɗauka maras lafiya trolley ko jiha samfurin.

Na musamman bayanin kula ne da matsakaicin mataki na kwafi iko sunadaran. A hali na maye ko lantarki gazawar fitarwa, hydraulics ko pneumatics wani aiki za a iya yi ta hanyar inji wajen, kawai ta hanyar juya a rike. Yana zai zama a hankali, amma magance matsalar shi ne har yanzu yiwu.

A cajin bayar da wani fis da kuma saba su domin sadarwa na farko gudu dako, da breech rabo da aka aza a masana'anta bags, adana a takamaiman kwalaye waterproofed. Domin irin wannan iko makamai shafi kawai kartuzny hanyar caji.

Shiriya, da kuma sadarwa

203mm howitzer "Peony" da aka bayar tare da wani sauki ne kuma abin dogara shiriya tsarin. A ta da asali - panoramic gani irin PG-1m da aka tsara don harbe-harben a hari sararin sama. Ana amfani da lokacin da ya zama dole su gudanar kai tsaye wuta. Domin harbi a kan m, amma a bayyane abubuwa Gunners amfani da sauran scopes, OP4M-99A.

A hadaddun kuma ya hada da wani Tantancewar periscopes TNPO-160 a cikin adadin bakwai guda, da biyu irin wannan sanya, a hatches. Kallo ne da za'ayi a dare ta amfani da infrared na'urorin TVNE-4B.

Communications kayan aiki wakilta VHF rediyo da kuma P-123M ciki wayar teleho na cikin gida 1V116.

"Malka"

Domin shekaru goma sha biyar da soja aiki na shortcomings da aka gano, wanda yana da wani howitzer "Peony". Features na da iyaka da kuma daidaito na soja quite gamsu, juya a kira su da wani bottleneck, wasu tuki da kuma na sarrafawa yi. Bugu da kari, lokacin loading da kuma hade da shi da kuma inversely kudi kuma bar yawa da za a so. By 1980, da manyan bindigogi daina rike da bayanai damar jirgin kayan aiki.

Modified kai-propelled howitzer "Peony" samu index "M" da kuma lambar sunan "Malka". Yana sãɓã wa jũna daga samfur mafi iko vsetoplivnym engine (ga shi ya dace da fetur, kananzir, kuma yana da kusan kome da cewa lit), da sabon kayan aiki wuta iko (ciwon babban mataki na aiki da kai), wani m tsarin na stacking harsasai harsasai (yanzu akwai guda takwas, da biyunta asali dauki wani howitzer "Peony"). Shasi ya kuma halartar zamani, ta ƙara da sabis rai na har zuwa 10 thous. Km a cikin sakamakon binciken. ACS tsarin da yi monitoring nuni.

A mafi muhimmanci kyautata na shafa kudi na wuta. M inji An redesigned, haddasa loading kudi ya karu da 60% (har zuwa 24 Shots da 1 sec.). A hatsari na a retaliatory halaka makamai ya prompted zanen kaya don samar da wani m iko version tare da dijital nuni da duk matakai na harbe-harben da kwamandan ta mota, a cikin abin da sakonni ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar rediyo ko waya sadarwa.

halaye na

Harbe-harben a kan sararin sama da a raga - babban fama manufa, wanda aka halitta su yi wani howitzer "Peony". Harbe-harben bindigogi range ya dogara da taro na dako. A saba high-fashewar bama-bamai 3VOF34 yin la'akari 17.8 kg shi iya aika a nesa na 37,4 km. Active-amsawa 3VOF35 tashi kara, to 47,5 km (wasu har ma a kan 55). Amfani da cassette harsashi radius bukatar 3VO15 fama amfani da dan kadan fiye da 30 km.

Dabara nukiliya spetszaryad za a iya tsĩrar da su a nesa na 30 km.

A farko gudu na dako, bayar da cikakken kartuznym daidai loading na 960 m / s.

Howitzer "Peony" za a iya fassara daga jerin gwanon a cikin harbe-harben jihar minti shida. Lissafi na 14 mutane, rabin abin da aka kwashe a wata fama abin hawa, sauran for ƙarin motocin (BM, BMD kuma m. N.)

Na gaskiya ga 2S7 "pion" shafi yin amfani da daban-daban na ammonium. Kankare-sokin bawo tsara don ya hallaka binne da kuma musamman kare abubuwa. Dalilin da ƙasar mahakar da tari zargin shi ne da wani jari na maƙiyi ma'aikata da sulke da motocin. A taron na duniya rikici ko wata iyaka nukiliya yaki a cikin shakka iya tafi spetszaryady, ciki har da sinadaran, wanda kuma iya harba wani howitzer "Peony". TTX muhimmanci dogara ne a kan hanyar shiriya da kuma yin amfani da external kafofin of bayani a kan wurin da manufa, halakarwa.

Roka-taimaka dako amfani a cikin taron na bukatar tafiyar da yawa m hari tare da high daidaituwa. Yanayin gyara mai yiwuwa ne, ciki har da Astro Space, amma shi ne kawai samuwa ga Rasha Gunners.

A gida da kuma waje

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet kai-propelled howitzer "Peony" da aka for daban-daban dalilai a cikin rundunar da dozin kasashen dauke da makamai. Daga gare su, na farko da doka magaji na da Tarayyar Soviet - Rasha Federation, wanda yana da 320 raka'a, mafi yawan abin da yake a kan adana, Uzbekistan (48 inji mai kwakwalwa.), Belarus (36), Azerbaijan da kuma Angola (12), Poland (a nan takwas raka'a 2S7 " peony ", sayar a shekarar 1989 da Tarayyar Soviet, ya riga ya janye daga sabis) da kuma 'yan wasu jihohi. Kayan aiki ga yankin rikice-rikice sau da yawa alama ɓarna, mai iko. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa ƙuntata da yanayi na amfani. A wani fama halin da ake ciki shi ya kasance ya zuwa yanzu daya kawai idan akwai inda amfani, kuma yana da matukar m, howitzer "Peony". Photo kãma su daga cikin Jojiyanci sojojin kai-propelled buga a watan Agusta 2008, kusan duk duniya ta kafofin watsa labarai. Biyar kai-propelled bindigogi da aka tsĩrar zuwa Ukraine, hudu daga cikinsu suka halaka, daya fadi a cikin jerin Rasha Army ta kofuna da dama.

Akwai kawai karamin jerin yanayi a cikin abin da howitzer "Peony" iya justifiably a yi amfani. Features na wannan kayan aiki ne cewa, yaki da ma'ana manufofin shi ne na kadan amfani. Yana halitta a wajen fada domin bayarwa na dabara da makaman nukiliya. Lokacin amfani spetszaryadov fadada zumunta zuwa ga manufa, auna a dubun mita, gwargwadon muhimmancin yana ba. Saboda haka soja kwararru kamata ya yi la'akari da siffofin da halaye mallaki howitzer "Peony". A Ukraine, da bindigogi da irin wannan bayan da Tarayyar Soviet rushewar bar wajen ɗari. '23 suka zare jiki ya tsaya a warehouses a man shafawa. A rikici a Kudu maso Gabas ya sa kasar ta jagoranci yi oda da reopening da dama raka'a da kuma kawo su cikin fadan siffar. Howitzer "Peony" Za ta harba? Hotuna ɗora Kwatancen a kan flatcars nauyi shigarwa, a ka'idar, ya kamata a zuciya da tunani game da sananne nasara ... Amma fatan kafin su aikace-aikace ba zai zo.