Humoral tsari: definition, fasali, ayyuka da kuma hanyoyin. Humoral tsari ne da za'ayi tare da taimakon ...

A hadaddun tsarin da jikin mutum a lokacin ne koli na juyin canji. Irin wannan tsarin na musamman daidaituwa hanyoyin da ake bukata. Humoral tsari ne da za'ayi tare da taimakon ji ba gani. Amma juyayi ne daidaituwa na ayyukan da taimako na wannan sunan da sashin jiki tsarin.

Mene ne tsari na jikin ayyuka

A jikin mutum yana da fasali mai rikitarwa. Daga Kwayoyin zuwa sashin jiki da tsarin shi ne wani juna tsarin, bayyananne tsara inji za a kafa ga al'ada aiki. Yana yana da za'ayi a cikin hanyoyi biyu. Na farko hanya ne ya fi sauri. Shi ne ake kira da juyayi tsari. Wannan tsari aiwatar da wani tsarin da wannan sunan. Akwai misconception cewa humoral tsari ne da za'ayi via jijiyar. Duk da haka, shi ne, ba haka. Humoral tsari ta wajen hormones da cewa aiki a cikin jiki ruwaye.

Features na juyayi tsari

Wannan tsarin qunshi tsakiya da kuma na gefe rabu. Idan humoral tsari na jikin ayyuka ta hanyar sinadaran abubuwa, wannan tsari ne mai "kai line" a haɗa jiki tare. Wannan tsari na faruwa da sauri isa. Just tunanin cewa ka shãfe da zafi baƙin ƙarfe ko hunturu m daga cikin dusar ƙanƙara. jiki ta mayar da martani ne kusan instantaneous. Yana da muhimmanci m darajar, da kuma inganta harkokin karbuwa da kuma rayuwa a karkashin daban-daban yanayi. A juyayi tsarin shi ne tushen haihuwa da kuma samun reatsiya jiki. Na farko shi ne unconditioned reflexes. Wadannan sun hada da numfashi, tsotsa, Ƙibtawa. Kuma tare da nassi na lokaci mai da mutum ya kafa samu mayar da martani. Wannan unconditioned reflexes.

Features na humoral tsari

Humoral tsari aiki aka yi da taimakon musamman hukumomin. Suna da ake kira gland da ake hada a cikin wani aure tsarin, da ake kira endocrine. Waɗannan jikuna an kafa ta musamman irin epithelial nama iya farfadowa. A mataki na hormones ne wanzuwa kuma yana cikin rayuwar mutum.

Menene hormones

Gland asirce ji ba gani. Godiya ga musamman tsarin wadannan abubuwa hanzarta ko normalize daban-daban physiological matakai a cikin jiki. Alal misali, a cikin kwakwalwa ne tushen da pituitary gland shine yake. Yana samar da ci gaban hormone a sakamakon wanda jikin mutum qara a size ga fiye da shekaru ashirin.

Cancer: peculiarities na da tsarin da aiki na

Saboda haka, humoral tsari a cikin jiki ta hanyar musamman gabobin - gland. Sun bayar da akai ciki yanayi, ko homeostasis. Su mataki ne a cikin yanayi na feedback. Alal misali, irin wannan muhimmanci adadi ga jiki a matsayin jini sugar matakin da aka kayyade ta hormone insulin da glucagon sama da iyaka - a kasa. Wannan shi ne ginshikai na mataki na endocrine tsarin.

Exocrine gland

Humoral tsari ta wajen gland. Duk da haka, dangane da tsarin fasali na wadannan gawawwaki ake hada cikin uku kungiyoyin: da waje (exocrine), ciki (endocrine) mugunya da kuma gauraye. Misalai na farko da kungiyar ne salivary, lacrimal kuma m. Suna halin nasu kanti bututu. Exocrine gland asirce ilimin aiki abubuwa da fata surface ko a cikin jiki kogo.

Ductless gland

Endocrine gland asirce hormones a cikin jini. Su ba su da nasu kanti bututu, don haka humoral tsari ne da za'ayi via jiki na ruwa kafofin watsa labarai. Da zarar a cikin jini, ko Lymph, suka bazu ko'ina a jikinsa, suka zo zuwa ga kowane cell. A sakamakon wannan ne hanzari ko deceleration na daban-daban tafiyar matakai. Wannan na iya zama girma, jima'i da kuma m raya kasa, metabolism, ayyuka na mutum gabobin da kuma tsarin.

Hypo- da hyperfunction na endocrine gland

Da ayyukan da kowane endocrine gland shine yake yana da "bangarorin biyu na tsabar kudi." Ka yi la'akari da wannan tare da kankare misalai. Idan wani wuce haddi adadin saki da pituitary girma hormone da aka tasowa gigantism, da kuma karancin wannan abu ya lura wada. Kuma a sa'an nan, kuma wani ne da wani sabawa daga al'ada ci gaba.

A thyroid gland shine yake secretes dama hormones. Shi ne thyroxine, triiodothyronine da calcitonin. Tare da su kasa a jarirai ci gaba cretinism, wanda bayyana kanta a shafi tunanin mutum retardation. Idan hypofunction bayyana kanta a} uruciyarsa, shi yana tare da busa na mucosa kuma subcutaneous mai, gashi hasara, da kuma sleepiness. Idan adadin da hormone gland shine yake ya wuce na al'ada iyaka, mutum zai iya ci gaba kaburbura 'cuta. An bayyana a cikin ƙãra excitability na juyayi tsarin, wata gabar jiki rawar jiki, causeless tashin hankali. Duk wannan babu makawa take kaiwa zuwa emaciation da kuma asarar lamarinsa.

Don endocrine gland kuma sun hada da parathyroid, thymus da adrenal gland. Recent gland shine yake a lokacin saki danniya hormone adrenaline. Da kasancewar a cikin jini na samar da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da dukan da nishaxi, da ikon daidaita da kuma tsira a cikin jiki ga wadanda ba misali yanayi. Da farko, shi ne aka bayyana a cikin tsoka tsarin samar da zama dole adadin kuzari. Hormone retroactive sakamako, wanda kuma ya sake ta adrenal gland, kira noradrenaline. Shi ne kuma da muhimmanci ga jikin domin kare da ya wuce kima excitability, asarar ƙarfi, makamashi, m lalacewa. Wannan shi ne wani misali na baya mataki na mutum endocrine tsarin.

Mixed gland shine yake mugunya

Wadannan sun hada da pancreas da kuma gonads. Aikinsu ne ninki biyu. A pancreas samar kawai iri biyu na ji ba gani. Wannan insulin da glucagon. Su ne, bi da bi, m kuma tãyar da jini glucose. A wani lafiya jikin mutum, wannan tsari ke kada a gane shi. Duk da haka, a take hakkin da wannan alama akwai wata cuta da tsanani kira ciwon sukari. Mutane tare da wannan ganewar asali dole wucin gadi insulin. Kamar yadda baƙin ƙarfe exocrine pancreas secretes narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Wannan abu da aka saki a cikin na farko na kananan hanji - da duodenum. A karkashin tasirin da take da, akwai wani tsari na narkewa hadaddun biopolymers zuwa sauki. Shi ne a cikin wannan sashen na sunadaran da lipids suna karye a cikin bangaren sassa.

Gonads ma asirce iri-iri na ji ba gani. Wannan namiji testosterone da mace estrogen. Wadannan kayan fara aiki har a zamanin tayi zai kare. A lokacin da amfrayo ci gaban jima'i hormones shafi samuwar kasa, da kuma bayan kafa wasu jima'i halaye. Kamar yadda exocrine gland, sai suka samar da gametes. Man, kamar duk dabbobi masu shayarwa, shi ne iri guda ba jiki. Its haihuwa tsarin yana da jimillar gini shirin ƙaddamar da gonads, su tashoshi da kuma kai tsaye zuwa ga Kwayoyin. A mata, da ovaries ne guda biyu tare da su hanyoyi, da kuma qwai. A maza, al'aura tsarin kunshi testes, excretory canals da-maniyyi Kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin, data gland shine yake yi kamar yadda exocrine gland.

Juyayi da kuma humoral tsari suna a hankali nasaba. Sun yi aiki a matsayin guda inji. Humoral ne dadadde a asalin, kuma yana da dogon lokaci sakamako a kan dukan jiki aiki kamar yadda hormones ɗauke da jini da kuma ciyar da kowane cell. A m aiki dot, a kuma wani lokaci, kuma a wani wuri na musamman a kan wani "a nan da kuma yanzu". Bayan canza yanayi shi za a kare.

Saboda haka, humoral tsari na physiological matakai ta hanyar tsarin endocrine. Wadannan gawarwakin ne iya sakewa da ruwa matsakaici musamman ilimin aiki abubuwa kira ji ba gani.