India a cikin karni na 19th: taswira, da al'adu da kuma tattalin arzikin kasar. Abin da ya India a cikin karni na 19th?

India a cikin karni na 19th, kasancewa wata katuwar mallaka na kadan Ingila, m to karkata zuwa hadaddun da sabanin aiwatar da Europeanization matsayin nasarori da kuma amfanin da yammacin duniya bad Take tushen a kan wannan ƙasa, a matsayin, sa'a, da kuma kusan duk shortcomings. Indiyawan bai dauki sabon umarni, kamar yadda sosai masoyi ga nasa mai girma da al'adu da kuma na gargajiya hanyarsa ta rayuwa.

ci

Birtaniya sun kasance a wani sauri - kusan xari shekaru da shi kai su Indiya a cikin karni na 19th, gaba daya hana jihar 'yancin kai. Duk da haka, Ingila da wuya sha wahala asarar matsayin ci na kasar da aka gudanar hannuwa sepoys - Indian sojoji a sabis na Birtaniya.

A karshe ba sama da Punjab - jihar halitta da babban MAHARAJA (Prince) Singh. Duk da yake Maharaj ya da rai, shi ya tsaya da tabbaci, kuma da mutuwarsa a 1837, da hukumomin kasa yin wannan karfi hannuwanku. Jihar rududdugaggu kuma ya kasance mai sauƙi ganima ga Birtaniya. Mulkin gargajiya iko daga Karkasa, ya kuma san cewa India a cikin karni na 19th. Map fili ya nuna yadda mai girma shi ne fragmentation na kasar.

Amsar ya da mulkin mallaka na tawaye, wanda dade shekaru biyu (1857-1859), sa'an nan cikakken recouped m Englishmen - mutane da aka zahiri nutsar a jini. Sa'an nan, shi ya dauki kusan karni na 'yancin kai. Bugu da ƙari, India a cikin karni na 19th, bayan da danniya na tawaye zaba m hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya, wanda shi ne unprecedented a zamani tarihi.

Features ci

Indiya a cikin farkon karni na 19th, kamar kowace kasa, kuma su sani Birtaniya ci. Duk da haka, duk muna da su daidaita, kuma zuwa zamantakewa da tattalin arziki rayuwa a cikin wani sabon mahaifarsa. Kamar yadda Normans zama Turanci ko Manchu - Sin, musamman sababbin zama wani ɓangare na India mutane.

Birtaniya a matsayin nasara kasance sosai daban-daban daga dukkan baya wadanda. Tsakanin su, kuma ya ci da yaki yankuna shi ne hakikanin duniyar bambancin - a matsayin al'adun Indiya a cikin karni na 19th daban-daban daga cikin al'adun Ingila, da kuma hanya ta rayuwa, dabi'u, hadisai da kuma halaye.

Birtaniya mazauni a fili raina, bai shiga cikin wani sabon duniya, kuma bai bari Indiyawan a. Ko da sauki na manoma da ma'aikata, don shirya a Indiya, an ranked a matsayin mafi girma da hukuncin aji. Babu wani abu, kawai ƙiyayya ne juna.

Birtaniya kawo tare da su yammacin jari-hujja da jihar iko form. A cikin farko idan - da 'yanci ga aiki a karo na biyu - da gudanar da kananan mulkin gargajiya mulkoki karkashin iko da mulkin mallaka da kansa gwamnati.

fashi mallaka

India a cikin karni na 19th kasance wani irin, amma musamman arziki kasar. Treasure Indian Raja ci gaba da kwarara swam a Ingila. Albarka a ɓadda kama - wannan ne caloric kayan shafa kula da juyin juya halin masana'antu a Ingila.

Harufan kai tsaye mulkin mallaka ganima hankali zama istinbadi: Gabas India Company su kwashe kasar da fata haraji. India tun zamanin da ciniki da duniya, shi ne a yanzu India kaya tafiya a Turai da aka ba, amma daga Birtaniya - Indian Laden shelves. A sakamakon haka, dukan yadi masana'antu na kasar da ya zo da kõme ba, sana'a daga aiki.

India ta tattalin arzikin a cikin karni na 19th ne cewa yawan kasance a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Dubban da kuma dubban Indiyawan mutu a dalilin matsananciyar yunwa, abin da a cikin thirties na gwamnan ya ruwaito: "The ƙashi na daga duk masaƙa cike da gidajen gona filayen Indiya ..." The alheri na Ingila, ta ci gaba a karni na 19th - shi ne gaba ɗaya da sakamakon fashi da mutane na India.

rare tawaye

Cũta da talakawa a Indiya ninka ba kawai daga amfani da tashin hankali. Raina zaluntar na Birtaniya dangane da gida al'umma bayan kodadde na bil'adama. Lokacin da ta tafi a shirya domin tashin hankali lura da 'yan Hindu da Musulmi a cikin bangaskiyar Kirista, nasara damunsu peaked.

Yanzu adãwa rungumi ba kawai ga matalauta masaƙa, kuma amma mafi yawan gida mulkin gargajiya aristocracy, wanda aka muhimmanci hanya ba hakkokin mulkin mallaka gwamnati da aka hõre wuce kima looting. Sepoys - sojan India, a cikin sabis na Birtaniya - tayar a watan Mayu 1857 kisan da hafsoshi 'yan Birtaniya da kuma kama Delhi.

Haka abin ya fara a rare tawaye da cewa cike da dukan Arewa da kuma m ɓangare na Jamhuriyar India. Turanci kawai bayan shekaru biyu da tsananin wahalar sa saukar tawaye. Mulkin gargajiya India bai iya kwace nasara daga jari hujja Ingila. Lallasad kasar ne m: mai girma yawan mutane da aka azabtar da harbi. Bakin hanya itatuwa ko'ina gumagumai. Kauyuka da aka ƙone, tare da dukan mazaunanta. Bayan wadannan bakaken, dangantakar dake tsakanin India da Ingila ne kamar wuya ya taba zama cloudless.

ci gaban tattalin arziki

Indiya a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na sha tara zama Ingila kasuwanni da kuma kafofin na raw kayan kasuwa. Gama kaya fitar dashi daga Indiya ne don haka kananan cewa su ba daraja ambata, kuma sun kasance, duk more alatu fiye da larura. Amma cikakken fitar dashi: alkama, da shinkafa, da auduga, jute, shayi, Indigo. Aka shigo da su: furniture, kayayyakin da aka yi da siliki, da ulu da fata, man fetur, da gilashi, matches, kuma har yanzu suna da dogon, dogon jerin.

Babban nasara na Birtaniya a India - shigo da ãdalci. Loans ba a karkashin draconian sha'awa. Kamar haka Ya kudi yunkurin ci daga kasashe makwabta, kamar Afghanistan. Yana biya wadannan rance, ba shakka, matalauta da yunwa Indian manoma.

Birtaniya arzikin masu arziki zuba jari, a cikin gida aiki na raw kayan a gina hanyar jirgin kasa, da jute masana'antu a shayi plantations, kofi, rake, roba.

Duk da haka, aikin noma ya kasance mai rauni, saboda haka da cewa kasar ba ko da ciyar da kaina. Da yunwa da cututtuka recurred kusan a kowace shekara. Alal misali, daga 1851 zuwa 1900 bautãwa yunwa, a cikin abin da mutuwa dukan yankin rubuce 24 sau. Zargi ga wannan kawai Birtaniya, da gidan haya da kuma moneylenders - "datti Troika", kamar yadda ya kira su mutane.

indian Revival

M yaƙe-yaƙe da mulkin mallaka da fadada kusan su kashe babban Indian al'ada: karkatar zo da gine-gine, da kuma zanen, duk da zane-zane da kuma crafts duk. Dole ne in ce cewa Turanci ake gaba ɗaya ba su yarda, kuma kada ku gane darajar Indian al'adu, saboda haka, ba tsunduma a wani karuwa a matakin. By da kula da Birtaniya Indiya (1947), kusan casa'in cikin dari na yawan ya jahilci a duk.

Duk da haka, da kasa da al'adunsu, a matsayin song "Kada stifle, ba kashe." Irin wannan shi ne India a cikin karni na 19th. Cuɗanya da Western, al'adar Indiyawan Dajin fara wani babban canji. Wannan ya musamman shafi addini.

babban malama

The mahaifin na zamani Indiya, kamar yadda suka kira countrymen, da Arama, Mohan Roy, shahararren kawo canji da jama'a adadi, farko da kuma farkon rabin karni na sha tara, ya dan wani Brahmin. Wannan yana nufin cewa zai iya ciyar da sauran ransa "idan sama" - a cikin zaman lafiya, farin ciki da farin ciki. Amma daga zaki tattaunawa tare da gumakan ya zo duniya - shuka da tsaba na ilimi da kuma kula da germs na ji, a cikin kalmomi na Rabindranath Tagore.