Ivan Fyodorov: biography ransa, photos

A farko littafin firintocinku a Rasha haifa sunan Moskovitin. Amma zuriyarsa zama da aka sani Ivan Fedorov. A biography wannan gagarumar mutumin da yake cike da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma tafiya, wanda shi ne da muhimmanci mu haskaka mafi muhimmanci bayani. Wadannan takaice dai abstracts na rayuwa da mutum mai girma ya zama tushen ga halittar littattafai a kan batun "Ivan Fedorov biography ga yara." Biography of wannan mutumin zai zama abin sha'awa ga kowa wanda yake sha'awar a cikin ci gaban da Rasha adabi, musamman ga matasa masu karatu. Biography Ivan Fedorov yara kamata koma zuwa babban wuraren harkokinsa kamar yadda wani aboki da kuma majagaba. Lalle ne, da ci gaban da Rasha harshen ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da kwafi. Kuma da sunan ƙãga na Rasha littafin - Ivan Fedorov.

manhaja vitae

majagaba rayuwa shekaru - 1510-1583. Ainihin ranar haihuwar Ivan Moskovitina ba a sani ba. Sunansa shi ne mafi kusantar bai faru ne a cikin iyali sunan da wurin haihuwa. A lokacin Rassi aka kira a kananan sarauta, geographically sanya Rzeczpospolita. Mafiya arewacin kasar na zamani Rasha a cikin 16th karni da aka sani zuwa kasashen waje Muscovy.

An sani cewa a wani matasa shekaru, Ivan tafiya yadu da kuma karatu a Turai jami'o'i. Turawa rubuce-rubuce bugi Ivan Moskvitina - saboda a lokacin da buga littafin da aka sani na fiye da karni a Turai. Ilimi matakin at sau ya daban-daban daga abin da ya gani a gida Ivan Fedorov. Biography ba zai zama cikakken ba tare da labaru game da abin da alama shi ya sanya kasashen Turai.

A farko bugu gidan

An ban sha'awa biography Ivana Fedorova ga yara ya kamata a jera a kan wurin da farko bugu gidan, wanda aka located a kan ƙasa na kasar mu. A farko typographic bitar da aka bude a birnin Moscow. Its ayyukan ake alakantashi da sunan da mai shi, wanda ya kira kansa Ivan Fedorov. Taqaitaccen Tarihin wannan mutumin ya nuna cewa wannan shi ne wani abu mai kyau da ya ba su fara daya, kuma tare da typographer da abokin tarayya, sunanta Petr Timofeevich Mstislavtsev. Bisa ga umurnin Tsar Ivan da Munin, a bugu da aka samar addini littattafai. Alhakin da sarki bugu latsa aka nada Ivan Fedorov. Taqaitaccen Tarihin yara zai iya nuna cewa na farko printer ya jak dukkan cinikai - ya yanka wani nagartaccen kwafi, ta amfani da jirgin pear itace, ya je sama tare da tarin fonts, ya yi wa ado da farko littattafai.

"Manzo"

Farko da aka buga su littafin da ake kira "The Manzo." Biography Ivan Fedorov yara ba zai iya watsi da wannan m littafin. Amazing vignettes, bayyananne bugu fonts da kyau kwarai da misalai sa wannan littafi mai aiki na gwaninta.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin "Manzo" bugu dauke da comments na firintar. Su sharhi ya nuna kansa sosai ilimi mutum, m, a wallafe-wallafen norms na Rasha harshen a lokacin. Mafi yawa daga cikin comments aka sanya hannu kawai, "Ivan Fedorov". Taqaitaccen Tarihin wannan mutumin dole ne dole nuna cewa cikin littattafan da ya buga ba kawai a cikin umurnin na sarki. Manufar marubucin ya zuwa buga wani littafin "a cikin jin dadi na Rasha mutane." A farko "Manzo" ya sanã'anta cikakken yabo da Church, da kuma aka buga tare da wani wurare dabam dabam na 2,000 kofe. Yana ta tsira ba fiye da 60 rarities.

"Breviary"

The biyu littafin da aka buga a Moscow typographic bitar shi ne "Breviary." Its mawallafa ci gaba da zama Peter Mstislavets da kuma Ivan Fedorov. Biography Rasha littafin-printer 'yan Tashoshi a karo na biyu littafin. An sani cewa, ta kasance ma wani addini wallafe, kuma an shigar da manema tare da cikakken yabo na Orthodox Church.

mararraba

Biography Ivan Fedorov yara kamata ba za a dogara ne a kan m aukuwa ransa. Domin a yawan dalilan bayan ya bugu kasuwanci a Moscow ya juya. Zai yiwu dalilin da suke tashi ne sananne barazanar da sabon warriors Ivana Groznogo - da guardsmen. A farko printer gudu da Grand Duchy na Moscow da kuma zaunar da su a Grand Duchy na Lithuania, a birnin Zabłudów, wanda a halin yanzu located a kan ƙasa na Poland. Tsarki ya tabbata farko firintocinku da kai wadannan m wurare - Fedorov da Mstislavets warmly gaishe a cikin tsakar gida na Hetman Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Hotkevicha. Big mabiya Orthodoxy da wani mai goyon bayan 'yancin kai na Duchy na Lithuania, ya miƙa masa kariya farko firintar. Ba da da ewa a kananan typographic bitar da aka kafa a karkashin taimaka a wadda shirya littafin na littattafai a Church Slavonic.

"Don koyar da bishara"

Zabludovskii na farko edition ya "ya koyar da bishara," da aka buga a 1569. Bayan ya fita hanyoyi diverged farko firintocinku - Mstislavets tafi zuwa birnin Vilna, da dukan damuwa game da rabo daga cikin bugu dauki kan Ivan Fedorov. Biography na tsawon rayuwa nuna cewa al'amarin ya sa a kan wani m-akai, da kuma sabon littattafai samu masu karatu. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa a lokacin da littafin shi ne ba sosai tushen ilimi, a matsayin wajen babban birnin kasar wurare. Buga kayayyakin da aka tsada sosai, kuma enterprising da arziki fi son su zuba jari da shi a cikin littafin, ba kula game da abin da aka rubuta a cikin su. Duk abin da ya, "don ya koyar da bishara" ya nuna nasarar wannan fanni, da kuma Ivan Fyodorov fara tunanin wani sabon edition na littafin.

"Zabura"

1570 shi ne mafi kyau daga cikin dukan zamanin da suke zaune a Zdolbunov. A wannan shekara suka fito a cikin manyan lambobi sanannen "Zabura", ado frontispisnoy engraving depicting Dawuda, Sarkin Isra'ilawa. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi marmari wallafe Fedorova, wanda ya sadaukar wa majiɓinci, - a kan daya daga cikin shafukan da alama na Khotkevych. Abin baƙin ciki, mu lokaci tsira kawai hudu kofe na littafin - su biyu a Yammacin Turai - daya a Rasha da kuma daya - a Ukraine.

The Union of Lublin sa Hetman Khotkevych a wuya matsayi. Ya ba su iya tallafawa harshen damo na bugu, da kuma aka tilasta su da su kãfirta Fedorov goyon baya da kuma taimaka. Littafi printer m Zabłudów bar da kuma mayar da su cikin gari. Haka abin ya fara a lokacin da ya aiki a Lviv.

A 1574, na farko a Ukraine typographic bitar da aka kafa a Lviv. Kuma sake tafin marubucin, mataimaki da kuma edita shi ne Ivan Fedorov. Biography yara za su tabbatar da sun hada da wani makõma zuwa ga na farko littafin-printer halittar - Lviv farko da littafin "The Manzo" ya fara sake. A Lviv Fedorov ban da kowa kudi ko matsayi, sabõda haka Lviv "Manzo" - wannan shi ne na farko daga cikin littattafan Fedorova, wanda yana da wallafe-wallafe iri. A nan, na farko nahawu littafin da aka buga a Rasha, wanda aka kira "ABC".

Jobs in Konstantina Ostrozhskogo

A tsawon lokaci, da sa'a bar majagaba, kuma a cikin Lviv, sai ya fara bi wani kudi setback. Ya aka tilasta rage da ayyukan da kuma yarda da gayyatar da wani arziki da kuma m tycoon - Prince Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Prince maraba da ilimi mutane da kuma nuna godiya da al'umma, don haka ne kewaye da ƙawance tsakanin mutane da masana kimiyya jagorancin Gerasim Smotritskaya. Akwai gudana Ostroh Academy, abin da gaske da ake bukata da kansa "Drukarnya" - saboda a kwanakin da aka kira typographic bitar. Ga Ivan Fedorov tsunduma a cikin shirye-shiryen da littafin na musamman Littafi Mai Tsarki wanda ya yi inuwa a duk samuwa a lokacin na Kalmar Allah kwafi.

A 1580 Ostroh bugu gidan saki Sabon Alkawari da zabũra. Saboda haka akwai wani "littafi-mai tarin abubuwa nainuzhnyh", ya wallafa Timothy M. Ivan Fedorov. Biography yara kamata nuna abinda ke ciki na wannan release. The "littafin .." wani gajeren jerin wasu phrases daga cikin Sabon Alkawari, tare da nuni da wuri a kan shafukan da Linjila. Ban sha'awa zane "littafin" - a rufe page bazawa ado babbar kofa, kiran mai karatu ya samu duniya littattafai.

Ostrog Littafi Mai Tsarki

Hakika, mafi shahara edition na Ivan Fedorov a cikin wannan lokaci shi ne Ostroh Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wannan na ƙwarai aiki ne al'adu na duk Slavic mutane, da kuma samfurin da bugu art. Idan daya sun zuwa buga littafin "Ivan Fedorov. Brief biography ga yara "- photo Ostrog Littafi Mai Tsarki da gaskiya da sun je kallon wasan ta frontispiece. Gaba daya biyar bugu na wannan babban littafi. Ivan Fedorov gyara da harkokin kudi, da kuma koma birnin a saman duniya. A nan sai ya yi kokarin sake bude typographic bita, amma ya mutu ba tare da ganin sakamakon su fitattu. Lviv bude wani bugu gidan da yara yana da damar su shiga hidimar majagaba da kuma almajiransa. Fedorov aka binne shi a Onufrievskom hurumi a kusa da Haikalin. Ɗan, da kuma almajiransa cancantar majagaba Ivan Fedorov ci gaba da harkokin kasuwanci, amma ba su kai ga daraja na malaminsa.