Kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Gost, tsari da halaye, Properties, aikace-aikace

Ga Tsarin da Tsarin da suke da a lamba don sãɓãwar launukansa digiri da ruwa na bukatar musamman abu da zai iya tsayayya da lalatattu effects daga cikin ruwa matsakaici. Domin gina irin wannan yanayi ta amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare aikin injiniya. Ya na da dukan zama dole siffofin for lafiya aiki na gina wuraren.

definition

Kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa nasa ne da category da nauyi, da shi da ake amfani da shiri na embankments, gadoji da kuma da sauran fannin jiki, Tsarin ne wani lokacin wani ɓangare, ko kuma gaba daya masu niyyar baftisma cikin ruwa, ko da lamba tare da shi.

A siffa daga cikin abu ne da ikon kula da farko halaye a m muhalli da yanayi ba tare da rage inganci da ikon da m kashi. Wasu ayyuka, kamar ƙarfi, in vozdnoy matsakaici ƙaruwa tare lokaci yayin da rike mutunci da tsarin da dutse.

rarrabuwa

Akwai wasu sa na bukatun da za a sadu da kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa aikin injiniya. Gost 26633-2012 "Kankare wuya da kuma lafiya-grained. Bayani dalla-dalla "shirya ingancin daga cikin cakuda da aka gyara da kuma kaddarorin da aka gyara na ƙãre bayani. The daftarin aiki ne na kasa da kasa hali, shi ya ɗauki 8 ƙasashe.

A cewar Gost, kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ya kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin bisa ga mataki na nutsewa fiddawa da wani mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici:

1. Overwater.
2. Karkashin ruwa.
3. Ga wani maras m ruwa matakin.

A girma na kayan generated kayayyaki ya kasu kashi:

1. M - hadaddun siffofi da kuma manyan salula masu girma dabam, tare da m hardening da zafi.
2. Nonmassive - sauki zane tare da kananan girma.

Kamar yadda karfi mataki a kan ƙẽƙashe abu:

1. Domin matsa lamba tsarin.
2. Ga wadanda ba turawa abubuwa.

Ƙarin rarrabuwa an raba wurin kankare aikace-aikace:

1. Domin ciki Tsarin (su ne m yiwuwa ga leaching, ruwa matsa lamba, amma dole ne tsayayya tsaye daukan hotuna).
2. Domin waje abubuwa da kuma saman (irin ruwan da ake fama da aiki motsi da kuma wadanda ba na dindindin sinadaran bango).

Abun da ke ciki cakuda

The bayani dole ne sadu da bukatun da Gost dutse isa taurin, ƙarfi da lafiya. ingancin iko ne duk aka gyara da yin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare. Abun da ke ciki daga cikin cakuda:

1. Kuriyar - wani m. Domin resistant zuwa m ruwan sakamako amfani sulphate resistant sumunti. Domin AC matakin nutsewa dauki hydrophobic ko da hada plasticizing Additives. A wasu lokutta, da pozzolan, slag ko Portland sumunti.
2. Fine tara - ma'adini yashi, shi qara juriya na kankare su ruwa. Yana kada ta kasance m impurities da tarkace - a rigar yanayi juya iya muhimmanci raunana abu.
3. M tara - tsakuwa da crushed dutse na sedimentary da igneous kankara. Wannan ne sosai hydrophobic, sanyi. Ƙungiya duwatsu dogara da fasaha halaye na kankare turmi ana buƙatar ta yi aiki a karkashin takamaiman yanayi. Form filler ya zama girma da kuma convex flakiness kufai a karkara, ko tsakuwa yana da ƙananan ƙarfi.
4. Additives - improvers kaddarorin da bayani. Sun kara da juriya ga zafin jiki ya canjãwa dutse, ruwa m tsoma, rage zafin rana kamar yadda ya dace, hana bayyanar fasa.

Da kaddarorin duk aka gyara da kuma su sigogi, da ainihin halitta daga cikin bayani ya bayyana a cikin da'awar 3 Gost 26633-2012. Yarda ya kamata a yi a kan wani samar, shirye mix na'am da daftarin aiki bisa ga misali.

fasaha halaye

A kayan yana da wani jam'i na jinsi. Suna bambanta da abun da ke ciki da kuma Properties, abin da ya kamata obladat kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa aikin injiniya. Fasaha halaye dogara ne a kan iri da kuma irin tsarin. Babban kamfani compressive ƙarfi, flexural axial mikewa, sanyi juriya da kuma hydrophobicity. The aiki bayani ne a zabi jam'i na data rates, tun da kaddarorin kowane tsari na iya bambanta, wanda shi ne unacceptable ga wani ba abu.

ƙarfi

Na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci factor - darajar matsawa juriya, tun mafi Tsarin fuskantar ikon tsaye kaya daga juz'i na ginin sama.

Kankare karfin aka ƙaddara da gwajin shigen sukari tsara da kuma dubawa shi a karkashin matsin. A samfur an aje tsakanin 28 da kwanaki 180 na curing. A cikin hali na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa hotuna shigen sukari da aka sanya a cikin ruwa a kan hardening lokaci.

Gwaje-gwaje da za'ayi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sojojin zuwa fatattaka.

A cewar wani binciken daga kankare aji lambar yabo V3,5 zuwa B60. The fi na kowa iri na B10-B40.

Tensile ƙarfi ne, kuma flexural

Design, wanda ba ya shafar tsaye kaya, su ne batun da wasu ke tsoma - axial tashin hankali da kuma lankwasawa. Don fahimta ko kankare zai gagara irin wannan zuriya, shi aka bari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Mark tensile ƙarfin - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

M a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan dan lido-samfurori da wannan shekaru, a cikin farkon harka. Jigon da gwajin ne a hankali a hankali kara ruwan matsin ta seepage ta hanyar kankare jiki. Bisa ga sakamakon da dutse sanya alama waterproofing W2-20.

Domin lalatattu seawater yanayi, ta amfani high-matsa lamba na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injiniya kankare ba kasa da W4.

sanyi-juriya

A yanayi na high zafi mayar da hankali a kan zazzabi canje-canje da ikon zuba ruwa. Kamar yadda aka sani, fadada daga cikin ruwa crystallizes kuma Yanã lalacewar da kayan gini, wadda ta kasance iya shiga. Don kauce wa wannan da alhakin tsarin a cikin bayani a samar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ƙara musamman Additives da plasticizers cewa kara da juriya na kankare zuwa solidify.

Brand sanyi F nuna yadda mutane da yawa cikakken hawan keke na daskarewa da kuma thawing jure kankare misali na asarar ƙarfi ne ba fiye da 15%. Don cakuda na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injiniya gwaje-gwaje da za'ayi ta dumama da shi da ruwa da kuma juya cikin kankara.

Bisa ga binciken hydrophobic kankare lamba a kan sanyi sanya F50-300.

improvers cakuda

Tensile Properties, ruwa juriya da kuma sanyi juriya sa a mataki na hadawa da bayani a kan shuka. Musamman Properties aka ƙaddara da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare salts na daban-daban karafa da kuma kumshin mahadi.

Additives kwatanta kasu kashi 2 kungiyoyin.

Group I rage ruwa sha zuwa 5 sau da wa'adin aikin curing 28 days. Daga cikin mafi amfani:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (a baya FES-50).
• AMCP-3 (Rasha) sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Kafa" (Rasha).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Jamus).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Rasha).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

Kadan m kungiyar II (raguwa to 2-4,8 sau). Its aikace-aikace ne yiwu ga hadawa a surface na kankare:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (tsohon GCJ-94M) da kuma 136-41 (tsohon GCJ-94).
• "Jami'in Kwamandan-C."
• Stavinor Zn EU Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Group III za su shafi halittar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare. A Additives rage ruwa sha har zuwa sau 2.

sauran kaddarorin

A lokacin da zabi wani aiki mix cikin lissafi ba kawai babban halaye na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare, amma kuma wasu sigogi:

• The adadin shrinkage.
• Resistance zuwa nakasawa.
• A mataki na adawa da ruwa ya kwarara da kuma famfo matsa lamba.

Babu wani guda girke-girke na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare: a kowane hali, la'akari da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ruwa, da adadin matsa lamba da kuma sauran lodi. A daidai da fillers da Additives aka yi amfani da, iya tabbatar da abin dogara aiki nan gaba dutse.

aikace-aikace

Kwanciya bayani a karkashin wani ruwa tafki - shi ne alhakin da sauki. Yana da aka zuba yawa domin kauce wa m hardening da yashewa. Saboda yanayin kwanciya jikin solidifying zane thermal gajiyan faruwa da kuma bambance-bambance da cewa bukatar da za a yi gyara ba. Don kauce wa zafi fiye da kima da kuma wanda bai kai nakasawa daga cikin siffar, plasticizers suna kara da bayani, da kuma musamman iri ciminti:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• A hydrophobic.

Domin gina teku Tsarin amfani kankare na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa aikin injiniya. Its amfani ne tartsatsi:

• Bridges, goyon bayan da girders.
• Tsari reinforcing embankments da gaci ganuwar mashigai.

• Waha kuma su bowls da kewaye yankin.
• A ganuwar manholes da shafts.
• Subway Tunnels.
• Fasaha da wuraren: dams, hydroelectric iko tashoshin, breakwaters.

Ga hanyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare na low alamomi ana amfani da su cika cikin ginshiki da wani babban matakin da ruwan karkashin kasa ko wani gwaji digo a cikin lokaci na narkewa snow da ruwa sosai.