Kayayyakin halitta na Urals (tebur)

Ural yankin maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na fiye da 820 thous. Km ^2. A cikin iyakokinta shi ne jihohin Udmurtia da Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg da Kurgan yankuna, Komi-Permyak AO. Babban birnin yankin Ekaterinburg ne.

Sauyin yanayi

Yanayi na Urals bambanta daga arewa zuwa kudu. Wannan shi ne saboda matsanancin ra'ayi tare da mahalarta (idan aka kwatanta da latitude). Bugu da kari, wurare masu tarin yawa na tundra da taiga, gandun daji, gandun daji da steppe suna canzawa. Urals suna rabawa cikin Urals, Urals da kai tsaye zuwa Ural range. A tsakiyar ɓangaren Arewa, Yankunan Southern da Tsakiya. Gaba ɗaya, za'a iya kwatanta yanayi a matsayin nahiyar, bambanta, duk da haka, a cikin iri-iri. Harshen iska a hunturu daga yamma zuwa gabas ya bambanta daga -15 zuwa -20 digiri, kuma a lokacin rani - daga 15 (a arewa) zuwa 22 (a kudu). Autumn da kuma bazara suna da kyau sosai. Haske ya dade, dusar ƙanƙara ya ta'allaka ne zuwa kwanaki 140-250. Yanayin yanayi na ƙasa an ƙaddara ta wurin wurin da ke kusa da filayen Eurasia, da kuma ta wurin ƙananan tsawo da nisa na ridges. Zonal canje-canje suna hade da babban har daga arewa zuwa kudu. An kafa cewa gangarawar yamma yana da hawan kilomita 150-200 mm fiye da hawan gabas. Rashin ruwa yana jin dadi sosai a kudancin yankin, inda fari yake sau da yawa. A halin yanzu, wannan shi ne yanayin da za a gudanar da ayyukan noma su ne mafi kyau. A gefen kudancin yankin, steppes da rassan gandun daji sun fi girma da yanayi mai dadi. A arewa, kasar gona tana buƙatar ayyukan aikin ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin yankin Perm akwai kimanin layuka 800 da ake buƙatar lalata. Babban yankin noma shine kwarin kogi. Urals. A wannan ɓangaren akwai tsummaran ƙurar ƙasa.

Bayanin tattalin arziki

Yankin Urals yana tsakanin Siberia da Kazakhstan, a iyakar kasashen Asiya da na Turai. Wannan tsari yana da tasirin gaske a kan ci gaban tattalin arziƙin ƙasa. Halin yanayi da albarkatu na Urals ya sa ya yiwu ya samar da haɗin tsakanin yankunan gabas da yammacin tattalin arziki tare da bambancin tattalin arziki. Yankin na da matsayi na biyu a Rasha dangane da fitowar masana'antu.

Kayayyakin halitta na Urals

Tarihin Urals ya fara da karni na 18. A wancan lokacin, ba a yi la'akari da yanayin tattalin arziki da yanki na yankin ba. Bayan dan lokaci, EGP na yankin ya kara fahimta. Wannan ya inganta ta hanyar ci gaba da hanyar sadarwa da kuma gina hanyoyi. Ta hanyar yankin akwai hanyoyi da ke kan iyakar ƙasar daga yamma zuwa Pacific Ocean. Gudanan kuɗi daga yankunan gabashin Urals. Yankunan yammacin Turai sun samar da kayayyakin aiki na masana'antu. Kayayyakin albarkatu na Urals, tasa wanda za'a ba su a kasa, suna da bambanci. Ya gano kimanin nau'in nau'o'in kayan ma'adinai iri iri, game da tafkin ma'adanai 12,000. A cikin Urals, 48 daga cikin 55 abubuwa daga teburin Mendeleyev, waɗanda suke da muhimmanci ga tsarin tattalin arziki na kasa, an lalata. A gundumar ƙunshi adibas na mai, sodium da kuma potassium salts, farar ƙasa gas. Ga can ana mined ruwan kasa ci, mai shale da sauran albarkatun kasa. Ural duwãtsu ne wadãtattu reserves na duwatsu masu daraja, masu launin da kuma baki karfe.

TEK

Fuel albarkatun kasa na Urals Tarayya District suna wakilci a cikin wani iri-iri iri-iri. Ana samo filayen man fetur mafi yawa a yankin Orenburg. Kuma yankin Perm, a Udmurtia da Bashkortostan. A kwanan nan kwanan nan, an gano gas a yankin. Ginin asalin sinadarin gas shi ne filin Orenburg. An dauke shi mafi girma a Turai na Rasha. A wa] ansu yankunan, ana yin shinge na rami, saboda yana kusa da shi. Ya kamata a ce cewa albarkatu na wannan albarkatun kasa ba su da ƙananan ƙananan - game da ton miliyan 4. Daga cikin waɗannan, kimanin kashi 75 cikin dari shine ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa. Hanyoyi na halitta da albarkatu na Urals suna da tasiri. Wannan, musamman ma, yana nufin Kizel da Chelyabinsk ajiya na ƙwayar wuta da ruwan kasa. A halin yanzu, kamar yadda masanan suka lura, yawancin basin yanzu sunyi aiki sosai, kuma mafi yawan albarkatu na daga wasu wurare.

Iron Ore

Wadannan albarkatun an gabatar titanomagnetites Urals, magnetite, siderites da sauransu. A cikin duka, yankin ta'allaka ne game da 15 ya kai tan biliyan tama. Dangane da samarwa, ƙasar ta na biyu ne kawai zuwa yankin Chernozem na tsakiya. Duk da haka, ƙarni na ƙarfafa kawai 3/5 na bukatun ƙasar. A halin yanzu, an riga an bunkasa masu arziki na Magnitogorsk, Tagilo-Kushvimsky da sauran basins. A yau ana cigaba da bunkasa Bakal da Kachkanar kungiyoyi na ajiya. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga kayan aiki sune titanomagnetites. Suna zaune a cikin ƙungiyar Kachkanar na basins. A cikin kwakwalwan Bakal akwai siderites. Musamman a cikin kungiyar Orsk-Khalilov na basins ne chrome-nickel ores.

Ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe

Wadannan albarkatun halitta na Urals suna gabatar da su a manyan nau'o'in. Game da samar da su, yankin na biyu ne kawai zuwa Kazakhstan. An samo asali mafi yawa na gabar jan karfe a Gaisky, Blyavinsky, Degtyarsk, Kirovgrad da sauran basins. Nickel reserves suna a cikin Rezhsky, Buruktalsky, Orsk, da Ufa basins. Kayayyakin halittu na Urals sun hada da zinc (jan karfe-zinc). Kwanan nan kwanan nan, an gano ɗakin Gay. A nan, an sami lambar da aka samu tare da babban abun ciki na jan ƙarfe. Har ila yau suna dauke da sulfur (har zuwa 50%), zinc, azurfa, zinariya, rare karafa. All ores ba a cikin Urals yawanci multicomponent. Saboda haka, hakar su yana da tsada sosai.

Wasu karafa

Ana mayar da hanyoyi masu yawa na bauxite a cikin bashin Severouralsk (a cikin gonar Sosvinskoye, Krasnaya Shapochka, da sauransu). Duk da haka, yawancin tsararru sun riga sun mutu. A cikin yankin Urals, kashi 27 cikin 100 na yawan adadin binciken da aka gano na jan ƙarfe da kuma mai bauxite, 12% nickel, 58% zinc. An gano magungunan Emeralds, sanya zane-zane, sunaye da yawa kuma suna ci gaba.

Salt

A cikin Urals sami manyan tanadi na wannan raw kayan. A cikin gundumar akwai ɗakunan ruwa da yawa mafi girma a duniya - Verkhnekamsk. An kiyasta kudaden ajiyar kuɗin da aka kiyasta kimanin tarin biliyan 172. Babban magunguna na ruwa shine Iletskoye da Solikamskoye.

Gina da sauran kayan

Ma'aikatan albarkatu na Urals suna wakiltar manyan ma'adinan gine-gine, tsabta, ma'adini na yanki, magnesites. A nan akwai adadi na asbestos, marin cimin, marble, graphite, da dai sauransu. An kiyasta hannun jari na adon kayan ado, masu tsalle-tsalle da duwatsu masu daraja. Daga cikin su akwai garnet, alexandrite, aquamarine, ruby, topaz, jasper, lapis lazuli, crystal smoky, malachite, emerald. Yawancin lu'u-lu'u ya ajiye a cikin Urals an mayar da hankali a yankin Perm a cikin ajiyar Visher. Yankin yana cikin wuri na biyu a kasar don hakar bayan Yakutia.

Forest

Yana da kimanin kadada miliyan 30 (fiye da kashi 40 na ƙasar). Yankin daji na coniferous yana da kadada miliyan 14. Babban mashigin suna samuwa a arewacin Urals. A yankin Perm, gandun dajin yana rufe 68.9% na ƙasar. A lokaci guda a yankin Orenburg. Akwai kimanin 4.4% na shuka bishiyoyi. Hanya ta hawan yammacin ridge an rufe shi musamman ta spruce da fir, da kuma gabashin - da Pine. An kiyasta jimlar katako a kimanin 4.1 biliyan tamanin. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan su ne irin su larch, fir, pine da spruce. Kamfanonin daji sun samar da kashi 14 cikin 100 na kayan albarkatu na kasuwanci, 17% - katako da kuma kimanin kashi 16% na dukkan takardu a kasar. Ana samar da samfurori da yawa don bukatun gida. Kamfanoni suna cikin yankunan masana'antu.

Arewacin Arewa

Kayan albarkatun kasa na Urals sune wakiltar ma'adanai, iron ores. Corundum, turquoise, ferrimolybdite, clinozoisite, rhodochrosite, da dai sauransu sun samo a nan. An kiyasta matakan baƙin ƙarfe a miliyoyin ton. Ga akwai adibas na manganese, bentonite, jan, chromium, rare-duniya karafa. Ci gaban basins a arewacin Urals ya sa ya yiwu ya cika lakaran kayan albarkatun kasa a yankin. A cikin shekaru 2005-2006. An gudanar da bincike, a lokacin da aka gano alamun da suka dace da alkawarin. An shirya shi don cire manganese, baƙin ƙarfe, ƙarancin mota. Girman da aka tsara na karshen shi ne fiye da ton miliyan 300. An tsara shi don kara yawan samar da kwalba daga 50% zuwa 2020. Wannan zai taimaka wajen inganta halin da ake ciki a cikin jihar. Bugu da ƙari, an cire hakar waɗannan ma'adanai kamar zinariya, tungsten, phosphorites, gubar, zinc, uranium, molybdenum, bauxite, tantalum, niobium, platinum a cikin yankunan arewacin.

Kayayyakin halitta na Urals

Tebur da ke ƙasa zai taimaka wajen fahimtar abin da wannan ƙasa ta mallaka. A ciki - manyan sassa na reserves dake yankin.

Ruwa na ruwa

Rukunin kogin na yankin ya kasance cikin basins na Caspian (Kogin Ural da Kama) da koguna na Kara (Tobol). Yawan tsawonsa ya fi kilomita 260. A kan iyakar yankin akwai kusan koguna dubu 70. A cikin kwari na kogi. Kama hada 53,4 dubu, p. Tobol - dubu dubu goma sha tara da dubu goma (10,000). Square - 115 m / rana / km ² da capita -. 5 m / rana / mutum .. An fi mayar da hankali ne a yankunan dutse na Urals. Sun mallaki fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na duka yanki kuma sun hada da kashi 39.1% na yawan rabon ƙasa. Rarraba reserves yana damuwa ne ta hanyar dogara akan rushewa akan tsarin-hydrogeological, abubuwan lithological. Ana ganin Urals an zama mafi yawan albarkatun ruwa fiye da Trans-Urals. Wannan yanayi yana da yanayin ta yanayin yanayi. Dutsen tsaunuka suna jinkirta yawan iska mai iska daga yankin Atlantic. Saboda haka, a cikin wadannan wurare an ba da yanayi mara kyau don kafa gine-ginen ƙasa.