Kazimir Valishevsky da ya fi kyau da ayyuka

Littattafan a kan daban-daban na tarihi da waɗansu alãmõmi, a tarihin kasar ne tebur da yawa masana kimiyya suka yi imani da cewa wannan marubuci cancanci da hakkin ya kasance a kan wani par da irin wannan mashahuri masu bincike kamar yadda Vasily Tatishchev, Nikolai Karamzin da Vasily Klyuchevskii. Sam Lev Tolstoy da zarar sosai mai daraja abu, wanda shaci iyakacin duniya. Daga baya sai ya rubuta: "Casimir Valishevsky unobtrusive shãfe iya vividly kai muhimmanci."

Ko ta wani hanya, amma a cikin rubuce-rubucen lokaci-lokaci slips gabar, don haka da ra'ayi na baƙo a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na baya wani lokacin ba zai iya samun jituwa da kuma mayar da martani a cikin rai na Rasha mutane. To, wãne ne ya, Casimir Valishevsky? Kuma me ya sa littafinsa ne don haka karfi da riveted cikin sha'awa na masu karatu don samun hannu a kasa tarihi? Ka yi la'akari da wannan tambaya a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Shekaru na kuruciya da kuma samartaka

Kazimir Feliksovich Valishevsky ne a iyakacin duniya da haihuwa. Ya aka haife Nuwamba 19, 1849 a kauyen Gole (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Poland).

Domin na farko samuwar Casimir rubuce a Warsaw dakin motsa jiki. Amma bayan wani lokaci yaron da aka tilasta su ci gaba da ilimi a cikin Jesuit makaranta, wanda aka located in Faransa. Girma, Kazimir Valishevsky zama sha'awar dokar da ƙarshe ya zama mai digiri na biyu daga cikin School of Law a Paris, inda ya aka bayar da digiri na Doctor of Law. Bayan nazarin saurayi aka tsunduma a cikin koyarwa a makarantun Krakow.

filin daga aikin jarida

Tun da tsakiyar 80s na karni na 19th Kazimir Valishevsky mafi yawan lokaci a Faransa. Ya ya ga dama shekaru tsunduma a rubuta aikin, wanda ya shafi Topical al'amurran da suka shafi siyasa, da shari'a da tattalin arziki da al'amurran da suka shafi. Na daga cikin littattafai, kamar "Poland da Turai a 2nd rabin na 18th karni." Ko da fassarar a cikin Rasha.

Litattafai game da shahararren mutane daga baya Rasha

Ba da da ewa, likita na fikihu daga Poland zama sha'awar Rasha tarihin lokaci na 17-19 ƙarni.

Ya rubuta jerin ayyukan game da wadanada suke "da aminci" bauta mu Mahaifa, mahaifiyata. A daya daga cikin labarun, daki-daki publicist ya rubuta game da wuya waje dangantakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Poland, wanda sun ci gaba a wannan zamanin na cikin Lokaci da matsaloli. A nan, a gaskiya, fiye da sanannen Kazimir Valishevsky, wanda littattafai ne a babban bukatar ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma kasashen waje. Ayyukansa ba su sãɓã ba tare da ainihin gaskiya daga baya, publicist "shoveled" jiha tarihinmu a Vienna, London, Berlin, da kuma, ba shakka, St. Petersburg.

Bari mu bincika da abun ciki na rare ayyukan Polish marubucin wanda yana a kan talatin shekaru na rayuwa ciyar a cikin binciken na Rasha tarihi kimiyya.

"Daya Roman Empress. Ekaterina Velikaya "

Wannan aiki na Yaren mutanen Poland tarihi ya fito a 1892. Riga da sunan ya nuna, a fili yake abin da abu don binciken zaba Casimir Valishevsky. "Roman Empress" - an, a gaskiya, da culmination daga cikin jerin, duk da cewa daga cikin ra'ayi na tarihi littafin da aka rubuta da farko. Ne marubucin kokarin bayyana shi daki-daki, duk da amorous Kasadar da Catherine II?

Far daga gare ta, da aikin ba game da wannan. Its main ra'ayin - jaddada nawa ƙaddamar da kuma Jamus lardin Rasha fadi cikin soyayya, kuma kamar yadda ya hau kan karaga, ya yi ta mafi kyau domin ta ci gaba da alheri. Amma da labari ya ƙunshi marubucin ra'ayi kan shaidar da Empress, wanda aka isar wa mai karatu da kuma Kazimir Valishevsky. Ekaterina Velikaya a idanunsa - shi ne m, wani lokacin warwatse da kuma talauci ilimi mutum. Amma wannan na ra'ayin wani matsayi na iyakacin duniya.

"Petr Veliky"

Wannan aiki ya bayyana a cikin 1897. Abin da abun ciki sa a cikin shi Valishevsky Casimir? "Petr Veliky" - wani labari a cikin abin da marubucin ba ya boye sha'awa, idan ba, sa'an nan hadu da harkokin farko Rasha sarki. Ya ba shi da wani jerin m manufofi: jarumi, m, m, impetuous ... Casimir F. jaddada cewa sarki yana da karfi da kuma dangantaka ta kusa da mutãnensa. Tsar Peter karfi da kula da kuma kare shi. Marubucin da tafi bata sha'awa, sake fasalin na Sarkin sarakuna a soja mai kula da harkokin da bayyane ya furta cewa ya gudanar ya halicci mafi iko da kuma ci-gaba sojojin tun da patriarchal Rasha.

Duk da haka, da Yaren mutanen Poland tarihi, sake nuna subjectivism, sukar karar sarki sojojin ruwa. A cewar shi, da jiragen ruwa - shi ne ba dole ba, kuma yana da matukar tsada da kuma haka wani ba dole ba kudi ga baitul ...

"Ivan Grozny"

Wannan aiki ya zo daga alkalami na marubucin a 1904. Wannan shi ya bayyana Casimir Valishevsky? "Ivan Grozny" - wani littafi cewa da abun ciki ne daban-daban daga cikin ra'ayoyi na oprichnina epoch, kafa daga gida masana tarihi. A gaskiya mun al'ada amfani da su kimanta Sarkin ta harkokin a jihar, da kuma kawai sai kula da ingancin da kasashen waje da manufofin da sarki ne. Casimir F. canza manyan al'amurra da kuma ya ba da bayanin Ivan IV cikin sharuddan da ikon gina huldar diplomasiyya tare da jihohin "kasashen waje". Wannan, musamman, ya zo Lithuania da kuma ƙasarsa ta Poland. Hakika, domin Waliszewski ciki da manufofin da al'amura, amma shi ne na biyu. The, sãɓã wa jũnamai tare da matsayi na Rasha masana tarihi bayyana a cikin hali na da hali na Ivana Groznogo, abin da yake a cikin gida kimiyya da tabbaci kunshe da matsayi na tanƙwasawa, kisan kai da kuma villain.

Casimir F. a cikin kimomi ne mafi m, kuma ya bi laƙabi Grozny a matsayin "girmama" da "girmamawa". Bugu da kari, marubucin ya yabi da sake fasalin cewa fara sarki.

"Lokaci na matsaloli"

Wannan aikin da aka yi don karanta a 1911. Ina so in ce wannan labari Kazimir Valishevsky. "Lokaci na matsaloli" - wani littafi cewa shi ne wani nau'i ne na ci gaba da manyan sikelin-aiki na Yaren mutanen Poland da yan jarida, mai suna "The Origin of Modern Rasha". A farko shafukan da "Lokaci na matsaloli" ne duqufar da kima na daya daga cikin zuriyata Ivana Groznogo - Fedora Ioanovicha, wanda ya girma har a wani yanayi na firgita da tsoro. Smoothly marubucin Saide ga ɗaukar hoto na abubuwan da suka faru na farkon 17th karni, a lokacin da siyasa taswirar Gabashin Turai da aka mai real gwagwarmayar duniyoyin da tasiri. Duk da yake Poland ya zama mai karfi da jihar tare da wani karfi da sojojin. Amma a Rasha zo ba mafi kyau na sau. "Munin," Sarkin ya mutu, da ikon a kasar shige da ɗan Ivan IV, wanda a gaskiya juya a kira su da wani rauni m. Oprichnina da Livonian War sun gagarumin amo mara sa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da rikicin. Akwai girma damunsu da talakawa.

Casimir F. da cikakken kwatanci na siyasa halin da ake ciki tasowa a Rasha da kuma Poland. Ya fa, tã da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa Smoot mabanbanta tasiri a kan gaba rayuwar Russia da Dogayen sanda. Valishevsky yin amfani da "karfi da wallafe-wallafen halin", mai haske, kuma m characterizes hadaddun da wuya lokaci na kasa da tarihi, wanda ya faru a farkon 17th karni.

Evaluation na aiki

Da latsa a Rasha, ba shakka, ba tilasta jira dogon bayani game da ayyukan da Polish tarihi da kuma publicist, wanda ya karshe labari, da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekarar 1925, sadaukar da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I.

Bugu da ƙari, reviews aikinsa sun kasance duka biyu tabbatacce kuma korau. Kuma Casimir F. scrupulously bi da kimomi, wanda ya ba da karatu daga cikin littattafan. Ya rubuta cewa: "Duk da cewa mafi yawan hali zuwa na aikin condescendingly, har yanzu ina iya ganin cewa hisãbina na wasu tarihi lokaci Rasha tsokani wasu muhawara a cikin al'umma. Kuma da cewa wasu daga cikin mutanen da zargin da ni daga klevetnichestve baya, ba tada ni. "

Yaren mutanen Poland jarida da kuma tarihi, ya rasu a Paris, a 1935.

Littafin na littattafai Waliszewski a Rasha ya fara a 1905 da kuma ci gaba har yakin duniya na farko. Shi ne kawai a cikin marigayi 80-ies karni na karshe bulla akasar karatu ta amfani a cikin ayyukansu.