Kwalta hanya danko sosai man fetur (Gost)

Bitumen - yadu a yi amfani yi abu, cikinsa da hydrophobic da kyau kwarai m Properties. Yana shafi yafi lokacin asphalting hanyoyi. Har ila yau, sau da yawa sosai da wannan abu da ake amfani da matsayin waterproofing ga gine-gine da kuma Tsarin. A cikin wannan labarin, duk cikakkun bayanai za su magance da cewa irin wannan bitumen, abin da suke da kaddarorin da kuma aikace-aikace.

definition

Bitumen kira retinoid m danko sosai baki abu. Yana yawanci zo a cikin lumps, wanda kafin yin amfani da aka narke a high yanayin zafi. A abun da ke ciki na bitumen yana da matukar rikitarwa. Ya wakiltar wani hydrocarbon fili tare da kwasfansu Kalam, kazalika da karfe, oxygen da kuma nitrogen. Shin yanzu a cikin wannan abu da kuma kowane irin hetero fili. A general, da abun da ke ciki na bitumen ne haka arziki da cewa ganewa na dukan da aka gyara shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba.

yaya ne

Babban kayayyakin amfani da shiri na bitumen ne man fetur. Akwai kawai uku na asali hanyoyi don samar da wannan abu:

1. Taro na saura man da injin barasan. A karshen samfurin ne taushi da kuma fusible. Ta wannan hanya da aka samu daga bitumens vysokosmolistoy (sulfurous) man fetur.
2. Hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sludge (man saura) da hurawa oxygen a zazzabi na 180 ... + 300 digiri. A wannan hanya shi samu wani thermostable na roba abu.
3. Hadawa da kuma oxidized saura mai distillates kayayyakin.

halitta bitumen

A mafi yawan lokuta wannan abu da aka yi artificially a sama-aka bayyana uku dabaru. Duk da haka, akwai wani halitta bitumen, halaye da kuma aikace-aikace na wanda aka kimanin guda a matsayin cewa na al'ada. Yana auku a cikin yanayi na filayen man fetur da kuma siffofin da irin ruwan tabarau. A m tsari, halitta bitumen kusan ba ya faruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, ya impregnates wani laka. Yawanci, wadannan su ne dutse kamar sandstone ko farar ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, m halitta bitumen samu na farko nika duwatsu. Wani lokaci wannan kawai asphaltic dutse ne ƙasa sosai, kuma a yi amfani da aikin gina hanya.

Iri bitumen ga filin amfani

A cikin aikace-aikace na wannan abu ne zuwa kashi hudu manyan kungiyoyin:

• Yi bitumen. Ana amfani da waterproofing na ganuwar, harsãshensa, na nutsa cikin ƙasar da na katako, structures, da sauransu. D.
• Yin rufi. Ana amfani da kariya da danshi, rufi na zama, masana'antu da kuma jama'a gine-gine.
• Bitumen hanya. Mafi na kowa bambance-bambancen amfani da shiri na asphalts.
• Rufi. Ana amfani da a kare da danshi da kuma lalata daga karfe piping.

hanya kwalta

da hydrophobic abu ne mafi sau da yawa amfani a yi na karauka. Akwai biyu na asali iri bitumen:

• Danko sosai. Samu daga man fetur.
• Liquid. Wannan bambance-bambancen da aka kerarre daga danko sosai bitumen. Kamar yadda diluent amfani da wannan man fetur.

Danko sosai bitumen hanya da ake amfani a gina hanyoyi a cikin warmer watanni. The ruwa kayan da ake amfani a cikin sanyi kakar. A danko sosai bitumen kafin stacking ne mai tsanani ga narkewa zafin jiki. The ruwa kayan iya amfani da biyu a cikin sanyi da kuma warmed zuwa. Bayan wani lokaci bayan da kafuwa saboda oxidative matakai irin bitumen thicken da kuma bada m, danshi-resistant na roba fim.

Abin da halaye ya kamata in nemi a lokacin da sayen

Akwai kawai uku na asali sigogi, wanda zai iya sanin ko ingancin bitumen:

• adadi softening zazzabi.
• ductility (digiri na ductility na bitumen filaments).
• shigar azzakari cikin farji (danko).

A karshen index ne m da dipping da allura a cikin bitumen ko mazugi a wani zazzabi.

alama

Koyi game da abin da bitumen ga abin da irin aikin ne mai sauqi qwarai. Don yin wannan, dubi markings.

• Yi bitumen BN haruffa.
• Road - BN ko BND.
• Yin rufi - BNK.

Bayan da haruffa ana sa alama biyu lambobi bayan da QFontDatabase maƙalutu. A farko yawan nuna softening nufi, na biyu - a kan mataki na danko. A karshen ne m da dipping da allura a cikin bitumen a zazzabi na 25 ° ^C.

Kan sarki danko sosai bitumen

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, irin wannan abu ne kawota a guda ko a ganga. Lokacin BN aka yi amfani da asphalting (mai) da kuma BND (bitumen hanya). A cewar Gost samar goma jinsunan wannan abu (MND daga 200/300 zuwa 40/60, BN daga 200/300 zuwa 60/90).

Liquid hanya bitumen

Wannan abu ne alama dabam. Akwai kawai biyu na ta iri:

1. SG - thickening a wani matsakaita gudun.
2. MG - thickening sannu a hankali. Wannan bambance-bambancen da ake amfani a gina hanya a cikin II-V climatic zones.

Bayan da haruffa a wannan yanayin ma suna da biyu lambobi bayan da maƙalutu denoting da canja iyaka ductility (a ⁶⁰ ° C da wani budewa na 5 mm da viscometer).

Lokacin da ka sayi wasanni kana bukatar ka duba takardar shaidar (fasfo) ga ruwa bitumen hanya. Mark SG, kamar yadda MG, MND da BN dole ne bi da Gost +. A gaskiya wannan shi ne wani daftarin aiki, magana kadan m.

Safety a lõkacin da aiki tare da bitumen

Lokacin amfani da wannan abu ya zama fairly m. Bitumen ne iya ƙone. Flammability sãɓãwar launukansa index mark aka ƙaddara haka kamar yadda flashpoint. A danko sosai hanya gini, yin rufi da kuma waterproofing bitumen ne mafi girma a cikin ruwa - a kasa. Saboda haka, a lõkacin da aiki tare da sabuwar ya zama musamman m.

Bugu da kari, a lokacin da yin ayyukan hade da aikace-aikace, ajiya, sufuri da sauransu. G. bitumen ga masana'antu aminci dokoki da ya kamata sa tufafin kariya. Wannan ya hana ma'aikatan daga fadowa a kan fata warmed, trudnosmyvaemye saukad.

ingancin bitumen fasfo

Samuwa bitumen kamfanonin dole ne bi da matsayin Gost 2245-90. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa kamfanonin yanzu sarrafa dukiya daga irin wannan tare da ingantattun halaye. Saboda haka, bitumen na daya ko wani sabon Musamman bokan da shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje da takardun shaida, wanda kuma ake kira bogi. Sun saka sigogi kamar shigar azzakari cikin farji, ductility, softening da zazzabi daga cikin samfurin, da sauransu. D.

Bayar da irin wannan daftarin aiki ne ba kawai da danko sosai, amma kuma a cikin ruwa bitumen hanya MG. Fasfo ingancin tabbacin yarda kayan halaye da'awar da manufacturer. A kan takarda compulsorily jẽfa, sha'anin bugu.

Hakika, da akwai dole ne a fasfo ga ruwa man fetur bitumen hanya SG, kazalika da yin rufi da kuma rufi. Daga cikin sabon brands wannan abu na iya hada da, misali, da BND-U da kuma Yuro BV. Tare da girmamawa ga wadannan ingancin nagartacce ba a tsare ta Gost da TU da SRT. A Yuro BV samar ma daukan la'akari da bukatun na Turai misali EN 12591.

Mafi na kowa iri

A yi na fi amfani da hanya bitumen 90/10. Masana'antun sarrafa da kuma sayar da shi a cikin manyan yawa Tare da shi, waterproofing basements, karkashin kasa sassa na katako da goyon bayan Tsarin, Inter-panel gidajen abinci, basements da katangu. Daga wani Popular iri na BN 70/30, shi ne bambanta da wani babban narkewa batu. Wannan broadens da ikon yinsa, na da amfani, tun da fim ne da aka ba da su ne iya withstanding manyan zazzabi dumama.

A lokacin da gina hanyoyi sukan yi amfani da bitumen hanya MG130 / 200. Ana amfani da yawanci, a yankunan inda hunturu da zazzabi ba ya fada a kasa 20 ° ^C. Wannan abu siffofin da wani sosai m da m hanya surface.

Bugu da ari, muna gabatar da karatu tare da key tebur halaye (Gost) na wadannan nau'o'i guda biyu na bitumen.

Bitumen hanya, gini da yin rufi - abu, musamman high bukatar a kasuwa. Sake yau da mutane da yawa da kamfanoni. Saboda haka, zabi wani ingancin samfurin zai zama da sauki. Babban abu - don kula da tasirin da kuma saya mafi dace a cikin wannan harka zaɓi.