Labari "Heart of a Dog": da tarihi na halitta da kuma makoma

Labari "Heart of a Dog", da tarihi na halittar wanda aka nuna a cikin wannan labarin - daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Rasha marubuta na farkon na XX karni Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Labarin da aka rubuta a cikin shekara ta farko da Soviet ikon, sosai daidai daidai da yanayi da cewa rinjaye a cikin sabuwar al'umma. Saboda haka daidai da abin da shi da aka haramta buga har perestroika.

A tarihin rubuce-rubuce ayyukansu

Labari "Heart of a Dog," labarin halitta wanda ya samo asali a shekara ta 1925, aka rubuta ta hanyar Bulgakov a cikin gajeren lokaci. Just a watanni uku. Babu shakka, kamar yadda wani m mutum, sai ya yi ƙarancin bangaskiya a gaskiyar cewa irin wannan samfurin da za a iya buga. Saboda haka, an kawai cinyewa a cikin lists da aka sani kawai zuwa ga mafi kusa abokai da abokansu.

A cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Soviet gwamnatin farko ya zo a 1926, labari "Heart of a Dog." A cikin tarihin wannan madubi farkon Soviet zahiri taka rawar da GPU, wanda same shi a lokacin da wani search na marubuci a kan 7 ga watan Mayu. A rubutun da aka kwace. A tarihin na "Heart of a Dog" Ya tun da aka nasaba, da Soviet asirin 'yan sanda archives. All sami rubutu editoci yanzu da akwai to masu bincike da kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar. Su za a iya samu a Rasha Jihar Library. Suna adana a cikin rubuce-rubucen sashen. Idan sun hankali nazarin tarihi na "Heart of a Dog" by Bulgakov tashi a gaban gareka.

Fate aiki a kasashen yamma

Hukumance karanta wannan aiki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya ba na gaskiya ba. A Tarayyar Soviet, shi ne rarraba gabaɗaya a samizdat. A tarihin na "Heart of a Dog" san kowa da kowa, don haka mutane da yawa kokarin karanta shi, da cewa hadaya da su da barci. Bayan rubutun wuce na wani dan gajeren lokaci (sau da yawa kawai don wani dare), da safe shi ya ba wa wani.

Ƙoƙarin buga wata muqala Bulgakov a West aka dauka akai-akai. A tarihin labari "Heart of a Dog" a kasashen waje ya fara a 1967. Amma shi ya faru ba tare da lahani. The rubutu da aka kofe gaggawa da kuma sakaci. A marubuci ta bazawara Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova ba a duk sane da wannan. In ba haka ba, tana iya duba daidaito na rubutu labarin "Heart of a Dog." A tarihin halitta na aiki a Yammacin bugu gidajen ne cewa su samu sosai m rubutum.

A karo na farko an buga shi a hukumance a shekarar 1968, a cikin Jamus mujallar "Faces", wanda ke da hedkwata a Frankfurt. Kuma ma a cikin mujallar "Student", wanda samar Alek Flegon a London. A waɗannan kwanaki, akwai wani rasa rubutu mulkin bisa ga abin da a cikin hali na littafin na art kasashen waje ta buga a cikin mahaifarsa ta atomatik zama ba zai yiwu ba. Irin wannan shi ne tarihin halitta da kuma "Heart of a Dog" by Bulgakov. Bayyana a cikin wani Soviet bugu gidan nan ne kawai ba na gaskiya ba.

A farko bazawa na mahaifarsa

Kawai godiya ga perestroika da glasnost Rasha karatu ya zama akwai da yawa daga cikin key ayyukan XX karni. Ciki har da "Zuciya wata Kare." Tarihi na da halittar kuma da makoma na labarin shi ne irin abin da a gida da aikin da aka farko da aka buga a 1987. Haka ya faru a cikin mujallar "Star".

Duk da haka, kafuwar ya yi aiki duk da wannan m kwafin da abin da labarin da aka buga a kasashen waje. Daga baya, da masu bincike kiyasta cewa shi dauke da akalla dubu blunders da misstatements. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan tsari har 1989 shi da aka buga "Heart of a Dog." A tarihin na gajeren iya shige a kan kawai 'yan shafukan. A gaskiya ma, shekarun da suka gabata ya wuce kafin labarin ya zo da karatu.

asalin rubutu

Na gyara wannan m inaccuracy da aka sani da bincike na kerawa Bulgakov, matani da kuma wallafe-wallafen zargi Lidiya Yankovskaya.

Biyu-girma edition na zaba ayyukan Bulgakov , ta farko da aka buga na asali rubutu kamar yadda muka san shi a yau. Saboda haka shi ne ya rubuta Bulgakov kansa a cikin "Heart of a Dog." A tarihin labarin, kamar yadda muka gani, ya ba da sauki.

A mãkirci na labarin

ayyukan mataki faruwa a cikin babban birnin kasar a 1924. A cikin cibiyar - sanannen likita, kimiyya luminary Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. Ya main bincike mayar da hankali a kan rejuvenation na jikin mutum. Wannan sai ya samu unprecedented nasara. Ga shawarwari da kuma yadda ake gudanar da ita aka rubuta kusan na farko mutum a kasar.

A kara karatu, sai ya yanke shawarar a kan wani tsoro gwaji. Dashi a adam kare pituitary. Kamar yadda gwaji dabba nã zãɓen al'ada yadi kare ball wanda ko ta yaya ƙusance shi a kan waje. Sakamakon zama zahiri m. A takaice lokaci daga baya Ball fara juya a cikin wani real mutum. Duk da haka, da yanayi da kuma sani da ya samu ba daga wani kare, kuma a kan drunks da kuma kifi Klima Chugunkina, wanda ya mallakar da pituitary gland shine yake.

A farko da labarin da aka rarraba kawai a tsarar masana kimiyya daga furofesoshi, amma nan da nan leaked ga latsa. Na koyi game da shi da dukan birnin. Transfiguration abokan aiki bayyana sha'awa da kuma Ball show likitoci daga fadin kasar. Amma Filipp Filippovich farko fahimci abin da sakamakon zai zama m wannan aiki.

Transfiguration Ball

A halin yanzu, a kan ball, wanda ya juya a cikin wani cikakken mutum, shi zai fara zuwa da wani mummunan tasiri a kan kwaminisanci rajin Shvonder sunan. Daga shi wahayi, da cewa proletarian, wanda zalunta bourgeoisie, wakilta Farfesa Preobrazhensky. Wannan shi ne daidai abin da ke faruwa, wanda ya yi yaƙi Oktoba juyin juya halin.

Yana bada gwarzo Shvonder takardun. Ya daina Ball da harshe Polygraphovich bukukuwa. Shirya yin aiki a cikin sabis na kama da kuma lalata kau- dabbobi. Da farko, shi ne, ba shakka, sha'awar Cats.

Rinjayi Shvonder da kuma kwaminisanci farfaganda adabi Beads farawa m farfesa. Ake bukata don rajista da kansu. Ƙarshe da ya rubuta a denunciation likitoci suka juya shi daga wani kare a cikin wani ɗan adam. All ƙare a aikata abin kunya. Preobrazhenisky wanda ba zai iya jure shi, da kuma kara, ya aikata da baya da aiki, ya dawo da kare Sharik pituitary. Ya ƙarshe hasarar da mutum fuska da kuma koma ga brutishness.

siyasa satire

Wannan samfurin - a m misali na kaifi siyasa satire. Mafi na kowa fassarar ake dangantawa da ra'ayin proletarian sani tada a sakamakon da Oktoba juyin juya halin. Bukukuwa ne da kamã da jũna image na gargajiya lumpenproletariat, wanda, tun samu wani abke manyan yawan yancinsu da walwalarsu, shi ne ya fara nuna wani zalla son zuciyarsu.

A karshe rabo daga cikin halittawa labarin Sharikova dubi foregone ƙarshe. Wannan, a cewar da yawa masu bincike, Bulgakov annabta nan gaba taro repressions na 30s. A sakamakon haka, sun sha wahala da yawa m gurguzun, wanda ya aikata nasara a cikin juyin juya halin. A sakamakon infighting an harbe su, da kuma wasu tura zuwa sansani.

A karshe ma ƙirƙira Bulgakov, da yawa ze wucin gadi.

Bukukuwa - wani Stalin

Akwai wani fassarar da labarin. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa shi ne mai kaifi siyasa satire a kan kasar ta shugabanci, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin tsakiyar 20s.

Sharikova samfur a hakikanin rai ne Iosif Stalin. Ba kwatsam cewa duka "Iron" iyali sunan. Ka tuna cewa asalin sunan mutumin da transplanted kare pituitary - Klim Chugunkin. A cewar wannan adabi, da samfur na Transfiguration farfesa wani shugaba na juyin juya hali, Vladimir Lenin. Kuma mataimakansa Dr. Bormental cewa shi ne kullum a rikicin da ball - shi ne Trotsky, wanda sunansa - Bronstein. Kuma Bormental da Bronstein - Yahudawa Surnames.

Shin prototypes ga sauran haruffa. Mataimakin Preobrazhenskogo Zaina - shi ne Zinoviev, Shvonder - Dutse da kuma Daria - Dzerzhinsky.

Soviet katsalandan

Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihi na halitta na wannan yanki taka ta Soviet dakatar. A farko edition da labari dauke kai tsaye nassoshi siyasa Figures na lokaci.

Bulgakov a cikin zuciyarsa fatan buga shi. Kuma ko da ya dauki shi zuwa ga Almanac "Nadra". Amma daga can shi yanke shawarar ba don aika zuwa proofreading a Glavlit, wanda ya amince da abun ciki na mujallar. Saboda haka ya zama kamar ma unreliable Editocin.

Daya daga cikin kofe na rubutum fadi a hannun Kamenev, wanda Ya hõre wani m ban a kan littafin da labari, ya kira ta "kaifi ƙasida a halin yanzu." A samizdat aikin ya fara yada a hannu ne kawai tun 30s. Fame kamar yadda dukan ƙasar da ya tsirfanta yawa daga baya - a lokacin perestroika