Laifi alhaki ga zamba. Art. 159 na kundin Code a cikin sabon edition

Sashen Sabunta na Penal Code babi 21 zata aikata miyagun laifuka da dukiya. Yana an saita zuwa sama don zamba (Art. 159). Na Criminal Code ma'anar manufar da alhakin wannan laifi. Bari mu yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Fraud: Art. 159 na kundin Code

A karkashin cewa yi dole ne a fahimci sata na dukiya da sauransu, ko da saye da hakkin ya da shi ta hanyar warwarewarsu dõgara ko yaudara. A sabon version of Art. 159 na kundin Code azurta da wadannan fenariti:

1. A tarar har zuwa 120,000 rubles. ko a cikin adadin s / n ko wasu samun kudin shiga laifi, sabõda lokacin har zuwa shekara guda.
2. Ake bukata duration na aiki zuwa 180 hours.
3. Tsara don 2-4 watanni.
4. Correctional aikin zaunanniya 6-12 watanni.
5. A gidan yari, ga wani lokacin har zuwa 2 shekaru.

m yanayi

Crime za a iya aikata a kan na farko tsari da kungiyar na mutane ko haddasa gagarumin cutar da azabtar. Domin irin wannan zamba Art. 159 (2) na kundin Code samar da:

1. Tarar har zuwa 300 dubu. Rub. (Ko da adadin kudin shiga ko s / n ga lokacin har zuwa 2 years).
2. Correctional aiki domin 1-2 shekaru.
3. A gidan yari, ga wani lokaci har zuwa shekaru 5.
4. Wajibi aikin for 180-240 hours.

Crime jami'an

Domin irin wannan zamba Art. 159 na kundin Code samar da:

1. A lafiya na 100-150 dubu. Rub. ko a cikin adadin c / n ko wasu samun kudin shiga da laifi domin 1-3 shekaru.
2. Kammalawa for 2-6 shekaru.

A karshen harka, a Bugu da kari na kurkuku, iya bugu da žari a ci tarar a cikin adadin up to 10 dubu. Rub. ko a cikin adadin s / n ko wasu samun kudin shiga ga lokacin har zuwa 1 ga watan. Wadannan matakan da aka bayar, kuma domin da sata da babban sikelin.

bugu da žari

Part 4 of Art. 159 na kundin Code ga wani aiki aikata by wani tsari kungiyar ko wani musamman manyan sikelin, ya tsayar da wata azãba daga ɗaurin kurkuku domin 5-10 shekaru. A wannan yanayin da shi za a iya bugu da žari lafiya dube zuwa 1 miliyan. a cikin adadin kudin shiga ko s / n aikata wannan laifi batu na tsawon shekaru 3. Art. 159 (4) CC kafa mafi azãba mai tsanani. Saboda haka, mun yi la'akari da topic kara.

Art. 159 na kundin Code na Rasha Federation da comments

Dispositive kashi ya hada da babban kashi, Gwani (kashi na biyu) da kuma musamman m. Kalmar "zamba" da aka yi amfani da kawai a cikin bayanin hukuncin ayyukan. Alhakin da shi na samar da wani musamman majalisu na kullum. Art. 159 na kundin Code sa ya yiwu a rarrabe iri biyu doka ayyukan: sata na dukiya da kuma saye da hakkin zuwa gare shi. Bugu da kari, cikin kudi na maki wasu hanyoyi da aikata laifuffukan. Wadannan hanyoyin su ne: warwarewarsu dõgara, kuma magudi.

dukiyar sata

Wannan definition an dauke su da asali Art. 159 na kundin Code. Domin comments, ba a Sec. 1 of umurnin soma da Plenum rãnã a 2002 (lamba 29), da sata da ãyõyin laifi yi da sharudda kafa a cikin labarin karkashin shawara. Kotun Koli bada isasshe bayyana definition na laifi. Sata - free of m magani ko kãmun dukiya na don wasu, a cikin ni'imar da aikata wannan laifi, ko wani mahaluži haifar da mai (mai) lalacewa. Irin wannan halitta samar da wani na kowa fahimtar da yi a matsayin Generic definition. Saboda haka hada iri daban-daban da kuma siffofin da sata, ciki har da zamba.

rikici

Art. 159 na kundin Code yana amfani da manufar a characterizing ayyukan. Kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa magudi za a iya gane kawai a cikin tsarin na musamman da dangantaka tsakanin 'yan kasa, kamar yadda ba za a iya gane a matsayin mataki ba zai tasiri a mutum psyche. A daidai da wannan, bisa ga labarin. 159 na kundin Code ba zai iya isa kamar yadda irin wannan laifi, da yin amfani da sata ko ƙirƙira banki cards, maimakon faduwa tsabar kudi na daban-daban karfe abubuwa, da kuma sauran irin wannan ayyuka. A wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa ya dauko shawarwari na Criminal Code, kõma har ga CIS kasashe, da hada a cikin sata daga cikin dokokin aikata ta hanyar yin amfani da fasaha da na'urorin. A babu irin wannan arziki a cikin dokokin da almubazzarancin dukiya da sama da hanyoyi mafi nisan shi wani bangare ne na asiri sata ko sata maimakon zamba. Kamar yadda ayyukan yaudara da ƙarya kalamai da batun, wanda za a iya gane da kuma fahimtar su sabõda ayyuka.

da ruɗi

Yana abubuwa a matsayin zamba da bincike. A aka azabtar da suka karbi ƙarya, ba daidai ba ne a kan waɗanda musamman events, ayyuka, facts. Wannan yanayin rinjayar da daga baya tallafi na yanke shawara a kan zubar da zaman kansa dukiya a cikin ni'imar da laifin ko bane ake magana a kai su. M ayyukan matsayin tsaka mai causal dangantaka tsakanin m hali da kuma matsayin sakamako na asarar kayan dukiya mai ko hakkokin su.

tuki laifukan

Daga farkon zuwa ƙarshe na rashin ladabi iya gina da wadannan kewaye: yaudara (wanda ya aikata wani laifi) - ru azabtar - da mataki na azabtar kan ƙarya bayanai (da canja wurin da dukiya, ko da hakkin a cikinta ko nevosprepyatstvovanie janye dabi'u) - sakamakon da aiki da batun laifi da ya amfani (ko wasu).

A cikin rashi na akalla daya kewaye kashi ba dokoki ne wani laifi, da kuma hali na mutum ba za a dauke karkashin Art. 159 na kundin Code.

muhimmanci factor

M ayyukan a matsayin ci gaba da murdiya na gaskiya a cikin m so da kuma ilimi ayyuka na azabtar. Yana dole ne dole a sakamakon wani laifi halayya ayyukan. Duk da haka, ya iya ko yin wasu ayyuka da taimakawa ga samuwar ko gyara kurakurai, ko ba yi su. A karshen harka, da laifin kawai ba hallaka riga halitta daga azabtar gurbata kuskure. A wannan batun, da wuya ya yarda da matsayin da cewa magudi ne ba zai yiwu tare da shirun. Ko da a cikin rashi na da tasiri kai tsaye a kan psyche na wanda aka azabtar, shi yana iya zama m.

Indicia

A cikin ma'anar of Art. 159 na kundin Code, da azabtar dole ne a dan kasa don canja wurin dũkiyõyinsu, ko ba laifin, ko kuma mutum ya kira su wasu hakkokin. A dangane da wannan alama za a iya bambanta, halayyar da batun, da abin da encroachment. A aka azabtar, don haka ya kamata na da hakkin mallakar dukiya da kuma ikon sarrafa dabi'u a cikin tafin kafa hankali. Game da zamba, da kalmar da ake amfani da a cikin kunkuntar hankali. Lokacin da ta mika fassarar babu makawa gurbata ma'anar labarin da keta da manufa na haramun ce. The doka manufar "magudi" ne halin da biyu siffofin: bayanai da kuma halin kirki. Domin da faye hali na wani aiki na gwaninta. 159 na kundin Code dole ne halarci biyu daga cikin wadannan sharudda.

warwarewarsu dõgara

Fraud a cikin wannan hanya da ake gyarawa a yi kasa da yin amfani da yaudara. Trust aka dauke su wani imani da mutunci, gaskiya, da kyau nufi, gaskiya da wani mutum. Aikata laifi, da aikata wannan laifi daukan amfani da wannan. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan nau'i na zamba faruwa a lokacin wani dõgara dangantaka da kafa tsakanin shi da kuma azabtar. A zagi, kamar yadda a cikin hali na zamba, mai shi (mai) da dukiya ne m. A sakamakon haka, ya watsa da darajar da wani attacker, mu dauka cewa akwai istinbadi dalilai yin haka. Da son rai da canja wurin na dukiya yana nufin ba kawai da ainihin canja wuri na abubuwa a ba daidai ba hannun, amma yin kaso na wasu damar jefa su ko amfani da su.

Rashin tabbas na dokar

Art. 159 na kundin Code a cikin sabon version ma'anar laifi a tambaya ne kama da dokoki a karfi a baya Code. Gyara ya halartar kawai da definition "aiki". A data kasance art a yau. 159 na kundin Code aka maye gurbinsu da Kalmar "sata". Duk da haka, da ikon ya siffar yanzu shari'a yi, da abun da ke ciki na yi za a iya daukan kusan guda. A cewar wasu imamiyya, majalisar, watakila, zai fadada yawan dispositive kashi Art. 159 na kundin Code. A wannan yanayin zai yi ya rage aikata laifuka. Duk da haka, da Bangguo ya zaɓi ya raba yi a kan kansa zamba, haddasa asarar dukiyoyi, warwarewarsu dõgara, magudi (babu alamun sata), "lzhepredprinimatelstvo" qeta kin biyan biya na asusun a biya da kuma sauran irin wannan doka ayyukan. Dan Majalisa, bisa ga masana, bai sani ba cewa ga tsayayyen multiplicity na tattalin arziki laifuka boye bambancin da daya kawai abun da ke ciki. Suna kawai tsaye zamba. Wasu masana harkokin shari'a, imani ne m crushing, paralyzing da aikace-aikace na dokokin. A zamani yanayi, a cikin ra'ayi, ya kamata a fadada ta dispositive ɓangare na abu. 159 na kundin Code. Ya kamata hada da qagaggun bayar da 165th labarin da Code. A lokaci guda ya kamata a modified da Generic sunan, kiran da labarin "Haddasa dukiya lalacewar da kawo kara ta hanyar zagi na dõgara, ko sadarwa na ƙarya bayanai." Irin wannan halitta zai zama mafi daidai daidai da doka abun ciki na zamba.

Haduwar da samuwar abun da ke ciki

Historical kwarewa da samuwar da kuma ci gaban laifi dokar nuna maimaita canje-canje na wakilci na shari'a ra'ayi na zamba. A sakamakon haka, a yawan m da kuma kimiyya-msar tambayar matsaloli. Ana zargin sabon hanyoyin zamba da gudummawar da zargin wasu batutuwa da suka shafi tilasta bin dokoki, ciki har da a aiwatar da cancantar laifi a kan musamman ɓangare na abu. 159 na kundin Code. A hadaddun tsarin da abun da ke ciki na rashin ladabi samu magana a cikin doka definition na laifi. A samar da nasu aikin da aka kawar da shubuha, ka tsayar da wani unambiguous terminology. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a hada a cikin jagororin a kan shari'a facts. Duk wannan zai ware da ya faru na tilasta yin aiki da matsaloli. The laifi dokokin wasu kasashen waje akwai daban-daban iri zamba, samar da iri-iri na share fage sharudda. Don a wasu har wadannan ko wasu abubuwa iya dauka da m dokokin shari'a.

statistics

Hananne ayyukan, manufar da abubuwa a matsayin dukiyar m 'yan asalin wanda ake yanzu dauke mafi kowa na duk laifi laifukan rajista a Rasha Federation. A lokacin 2007, misali, an daure fiye da rabin mutane miliyan (game da 60% na jimlar yawan gurfanar da 19% sama da shekaru biyar a baya) da Articles ake magana a kai a Babi na 21. A cikin wannan category na daya daga cikin na kowa fraudulent ayyukan . A shekaru biyar (2002 zuwa 2007) da yawan abokai da hannu a cikin nauyin da wannan laifi ya karu da fiye da 3.6 sau. A shekara ta 2007 adadin su ya kai 43 da mutane dubu. Kuma ya karu, da kuma takamaiman nauyi na zamba a tsarin da laifukan cin dukiya. A shekara ta 2002 shi ne 2.5% da kuma a shekara ta 2007 - 7.8%.

ƙarshe

Acquisitive laifi, wato Wadannan sun hada da zamba, a Rasha da kuma a duniya su ne a gaskiya ilimin kididdiga rinjaye. A muhimmancin wadannan ayyukan ma'anar da babban trends da kuma ƙalubalantar duka laifi halin da ake ciki a general. Lokacin da aikata zamba zari hidima a matsayin muhimman hakkokin manufa. Idan a cikin Soviet lokacin da laifi aka dauke gwada da rare, yanzu, tare da Rasha ta miƙa mulki ga wata kasuwar tsarin tattalin arziki, shi ne bunkasa maida. Active ci gaban fasahar taimaka wa fitowan da sabon iri na zamba. Data kasance a yau a kasar ta shari'a gwamnatin kamata samar da tighter iko, haifar da zama dole kariya ga 'yan kasar da dũkiyõyinsu daga encroachment. Yana cimma wannan haƙiƙa kafa wani dace majalisu tsarin, tightening fanarite. Yiwuwar ana gudanar da dogaro da take hakkin da kafa dokokin kamata aiki a matsayin manyan tauyewa, to dakatar da laifi ayyuka na mazambata.