Lemun tsami aisikili. Da samuwar stalagmites da stalactites

Masu ziyara iya tsayar da karst kogwanni musamman a kyaunsu show - rukuni na stalactites da stalagmites. Suna girma m tsibi tsibin, kuma ƙara har zuwa babban da kuma kananan kungiyoyin. Kuma ka san abin da yake da shi duk game da? Yadda aka kafa da kuma abin da yake da bambanci tsakanin su?

Bari mu fara da kayan yau da kullum. Me kogwanni

A ɓawon burodi ne ba uniform a abun da ke ciki. A mataki na ƙasar da kuma duniya ta tekuna aka kafa daban-daban kankara da kuma ma'adanai. Alal misali, volcanic aiki a high zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ya sa a cikin bayyanar dutse da basalt. Amma adibas na ruwa mai narkewa nau'in, kamar farar ƙasa, alli, ko gypsum, kafa a karkashin kasa matsananci yanayi. Miliyoyin shekaru da ruwa gurgunta da kuma wanke tafi dutsen, bar baya da wani ƙanana da manyan voids. Saboda haka akwai kogwanni, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin karst. Gaskiyar cewa karst - a wõfintattu ciki na jiki. Mafi yawa daga cikin da aka sani kogwanni - karst asalin. Duk da haka, akwai wasu matakai na samuwar kogwanni, amma ba su da stalactites da stalagmites.

Yadda ya yi da Kalmar "stalactite" da "stalagmite"

The sharuddan "stalactite" da "stalagmite" coined da wani Danish halittu Ole tsutsa. Wannan ya faru a 1655. Dukansu sharuddan suna da alaka da Girkanci harshe. Stalactite fassara a matsayin "natekshy drop ta drop." Wannan shi ne wani nau'i ne na farar ƙasa aisikili rataye daga rufi na karst kogwanni. Chemogenic ilimi wani lokacin ba a hada da farar ƙasa da sauran sedimentary kankara. A siffar stalactites kama icicles, Geza, bakin ciki straws ko ridges tare da bangarori daban-daban hakora.

Stalagmite nufin "drop". Wannan sinter ma'adinai (farar ƙasa) aisikili, wanda taper ko al'amudi mafitar daga kasa daga kogon. Wani lokacin babban gini tubalan na wani stalagmite ba calcareous dutse, plaster ko gishiri daga gare ta. Amma shi ne wanda ba safai ba ne.

samuwar tsari

A siffar da size da lemun tsami buildup kuma icicles dogara a kan girman da kogon da wuri. Ko da a cikin densest dutse yana fasa da microcracks, ta hanyar abin da seeps cikin karst kogwanni ruwa. Rain kuma dusar ƙanƙara da tafiya mai tsawo da kuma wuya hanya, wanke fitar da hanya alli da sauran kayan. Pores ta hanyar abin da danshi seeps cikin kadan. Saboda wannan, da ruwa da aka ba tsere rivulets da drips daga rufi daga cikin kogo. Kowane droplet daukawa a kananan adadin sedimentary kankara (yafi farar ƙasa). Sai droplets ƙafe, da kuma dutse a narkar da shi, shi ne a kan rufi, ko dama a kan bene. Wannan halitta farar ƙasa aisikili a cikin kogo rataye a karkashin baka, ko akwai laka buildup, tanã fita don ya tarye shi. A sakamakon haka, da kogon zama sufi da kuma shahararre ra'ayoyi, da haihuwa da labari na underworld.

Duk da cewa da tsari ne ko da yaushe wannan labari a duniya akwai guda kogwanni. Haka kuma, kowane "dakin" a cikin kogo ne na musamman. Nature ba yarda ta maimaitawar.

A kudi na samuwar

Da samuwar stalactites da stalagmites - mai tsawo tsari. A cewar m kimomi da masana kimiyya ya girma zuwa 1 cm, yana daukan game da 100 shekaru. The girma kudi ya dogara da digo gudu, zafi vnutripeschernogo iska, zafin jiki da kuma abun da ke ciki na solute jinsunan. Madaidaici kimomi da girma ba za a iya yi. Lokacin da wani rukuni na masana kimiyya na kokarin karatu don haka samu mai saɓani da sakamakon cewa shiryar da su zuwa ga "hada" ya gagara. Saboda tushen data kamar tsanani da saukad, da digo tsawo, da danshin kudi, adadin sedimentary abu da kuma sauransu, suna kullum canja. Wani lokaci lemun tsami aisikili kullum daina girma ga dama shekara ɗari.

Yana iya kama stalactites da stalagmites

Stalagmites ko da yaushe thicker kuma ya fi girma stalactites, tun da dukan ruwa ya samu wani sedimentary dutse, dripping saukar da ganuwar, gina tarawa outgrowth. Bugu da kari, stalactites wani lokacin fada ƙarƙashin da kansa nauyi, kuma stalagmites - babu.

Idan motsi na ruwa droplets ba karya, da stalactite da stalagmite "soldered" to karkashin kasa mallaka. Wannan lemun tsami da aka kira stalagnates aisikili. Wani lokaci stalagnates girma tare da share dakunan da lemun tsami drapery.

Stalactites slanted arches kogwanni an dimbin yawa kamar tube cewa, samar da ze tashi. Suna iya zama da santsi da kuma wavy. Ya kamata a fahimci, komai nawa ka iya yi nazari kogwanni, stalactites ne duk musamman.