Lissafi na da zafi Exchanger: da misali. Lissafi na yankin, da ikon zafi Exchanger

Lissafi na da zafi Exchanger yanzu daukan kasa da minti biyar. Duk wani shiri da cewa samar da kuma sayar da irin wannan kayan aiki kullum ya ba kowa da nasu daukar ma'aikata shirin. Yana za a iya sauke kyauta daga kamfanin website ko su m zai zo zuwa ga ofishin da kuma shigar da shi for free. Duk da haka, a sakamakon irin wannan lissafin daidai ne, za mu iya yarda da shi da kuma ba da kasancewa mai hankali idan da manufacturer da yãƙi a cikin m tare da fafatawa a gasa? Dubawa lantarki kalkuleta bukatar ilimi ko akalla da fahimtar hanyoyin zamani na lissafi zafi exchangers. Bari mu yi kokarin warware cikakkun bayanai.

Mene ne wani zafi Exchanger

Kafin yin lissafi na zafi Exchanger, bari mu tuna, kuma abin da irin da irin wannan na'urar? Teplomassoobmennyh inji (aka zafi Exchanger, kuma aka sani da zafi musayar na'ura ko TOA) - a na'urar for transfer na zafi daga daya coolant zuwa wani. A kan aiwatar da coolant zazzabi canje-canje kuma canza su da yawa, kuma, daidai da, taro fihirisa abubuwa. Wannan ne ya sa irin wannan tafiyar matakai an kira a matsayin zafi da taro canja wuri.

iri zafi canja wuri

Yanzu bari mu magana game da zafi canja wuri iri - akwai kawai uku. Radiation - canja wurin zafi da radiation. A matsayin misali, za mu iya tuna da sunbathing a kan rairayin bakin teku a kan dumi rani rana. Kuma ko da wadannan kadan exchangers za a iya samu a kasuwa (tube iska heaters). Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa ga gida dumama, da dakuna a cikin Apartment mu saya man ko da wutar lantarki dumama. Wannan misali ne na wani irin zafi canja wuri - convection. Convection ne na halitta, involuntary (tsantsa, da kuma a cikin akwatin kamata Exchanger) ko da inji drive (tare da wani fan, misali). A karshen irin shi ne yafi tasiri.

Duk da haka, mafi inganci Hanyar zafi canja wuri - ne thermal watsin, ko, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, madugu (madugu na Turanci -. "Watsin"). Duk wani injiniya wanda ya ke faruwa rike da thermal zane na zafi Exchanger, na farko tunani game da yadda za a zabi m kayan aiki a wani m na sarari. Kuma shi kulawa don cimma wannan ne ta hanyar madugu. Wani misali na wannan shi ne mafi inganci a kwanan TOA - farantin zafi exchangers. Farantin TOA by definition - mai zafi Exchanger cewa Canza wurin zafi daga coolant zuwa wani daya ta hanyar wani bango raba su. Matsakaicin yiwu lamba yankin tsakanin biyu duba tare da gaskiya zaba kayan, kuma su profile faranti kauri girma zaba domin rage hardware yayin da tsare da asali fasaha halaye ake bukata a cikin tsari.

iri zafi exchangers

Kafin ka gudanar da wani lissafi na zafi Exchanger aka ƙaddara da ta irin. All TOA za a iya raba biyu manyan kungiyoyin: recuperative da regenerative zafi exchangers. Babban bambancin therebetween ne kamar haka: a cikin TOA recuperative zafi musayar faruwa ta bango raba da biyu zafi matsakaici, da kuma zo a cikin lamba tare da juna a cikin biyu regenerative kafofin watsa labarai, sau da yawa bukata m hadawa da kuma rabuwa a cikin na musamman separators. Regenerative zafi exchangers kasu kashi zafi exchangers da kuma hadawa da wani bututun ƙarfe (tsit faru, ko tsaka-tsaki). Wajen magana, guga na ruwan zafi, sa up a cikin sanyi, ko gilashin zafi shayi, ya sa sanyaya a cikin firiji (ba ba yi!) - wannan shi ne wani misali na irin wannan hadawa TOA. A zuba shayi saucer da kuma sanyaya shi don haka muka samu wani misali da wani regenerative zafi Exchanger da bututun ƙarfe (saucer, a cikin wannan misali taka da bututun ƙarfe part), wanda aka fara da tuntube da na yanayi iska da kuma daukan ta zazzabi, sa'an nan ance wani ɓangare na zafi na zuba a cikin shi na zafi shayi neman duka biyu kafofin watsa labarai gubar zuwa thermal ma'auni yanayin. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka riga muka sami mafi ingantaccen amfani da thermal watsin don canja wurin zafi daga daya matsakaici zuwa wani, saboda haka, mafi amfani cikin sharuddan zafi canja wuri (kuma yadu amfani) TOA yau - mana, recuperative.

Thermal da kuma tsarin lissafi

Wani lissafi na regenerative zafi Exchanger za a iya sanya dogara ne a kan sakamakon da thermal, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da kuma karfin lissafin. Su na asali, ba makawa gare zane na sabuwar kayan aiki da kuma dabarun ne dalilin kirga da m model na wannan irin na'urorin line. Babban aiki na thermal TOA lissafi ne domin sanin da ake bukata zafi musayar surface yankin for barga aiki na da zafi Exchanger da kuma rike da ake bukata sigogi na kafofin watsa labarai kanti. Popular sau da yawa a cikin irin wannan lissafin injiniyoyin da aka bã sabani dabi'u na nauyi da kuma size halaye na gaba kayan aiki (abu, diamita shambura, faranti, girma, katako lissafi, irin da kuma kayan finning et al.), Duk da haka bayan zafi ne yawanci gudanar sanyata lissafi Exchanger. Bayan duk, idan mataki na farko m dauke zama dole surface yankin na bai diamita bututu, misali, 60 mm, da kuma tsawon zafi Exchanger haka ya juya game da sittin mita, shi ne ma'ana to zaton mika mulki multistage zafi Exchanger, ko da tube cuta irin, ko ƙara da diamita na shambura.

na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa lissafi

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ko hydro-inji da nata irin lissafin yi don a gane kuma inganta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa (da nata irin) matsa lamba hasara a cikin zãfi Exchanger, da kuma yin lissafi da kuzari shawo kan su. Lissafi na wani hanya, tashar ko bututu domin dumama matsakaici nassi fuskanceshi mutum Hakin - habbaka zafi musayar aiwatar a shafin. Wannan shi ne, daya matsakaici dole wuce, da kuma sauran ne don samun gwargwadon zafi a wani m tazara daga tafarkinsa. Wannan sau da yawa tambaya ƙarin zafi musayar surface a cikin nau'i na filafilin kifi saman raya (ga rabuwa da iyaka laminar sublayer da kuma bunkasa kwarara haukan kogi). Mafi kyau duka auna aboki a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa hasarori, cikin yankunan da zafi musayar surface, da nauyi da kuma size halaye, da kuma janye zafi fitarwa ne sakamakon da tara thermal, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da kuma sanyata TOA lissãfi.

dubawa lissafi

Tabbatar da zafi Exchanger ne da za'ayi a cikin akwati inda shi wajibi ne don sa wani ikon ajiye na wani zafi musayar surface area. A surface na ajiye domin daban-daban dalilai da a yanayi daban-daban, idan haka ake bukata da sharuddan da tunani, idan manufacturer yanke shawarar da ya yi wani ƙarin gefe ya zama daidai da tabbatar da cewa wannan kadan za a fito da a kan tsarin mulki, da kuma rage kurakurai a lissafinta. A wasu lokuta, reservations ake bukata domin Ƙididdigar tsarin girma sakamakon a wasu (evaporators, economizers) a cikin lissafi na iya aiki na da zafi Exchanger ne musamman gabatar gefe surface a kan kwampreso man samu ba a cikin refrigeration kewaye. Eh, da matalauta ruwa ingancin dole ne a ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi. Bayan wani lokaci, da santsi da aiki da zafin rana exchangers, musamman a high yanayin zafi, da kumfa settles a farfajiya na da zafi musayar na'ura, rage zafi canja wuri coefficient, kuma babu makawa abu zuwa raguwa a parasitic zafi takeoff. Saboda haka m m, wani lissafi na zafi Exchanger "ruwa-ruwa", yana biya na musamman da hankali ga ƙarin ajiye zafi musayar surface. Dubawa lissafi kuma ku ciyar domin ganin yadda za ta kayan aiki zaba zai yi aiki a kan wasu, secondary halaye. Alal misali, a cikin tsakiyar iska conditioners (iska-wadata shigarwa) heaters for farko da na biyu dumama amfani a cikin sanyi kakar, kuma sau da yawa unsa da rani don sanyaya wadata iska ciyar sanyi da ruwa a cikin iska zafi Exchanger tube. Ta yaya za su yi aiki da abin da zai bayar da sigogi don kimanta da span lissãfi.

bincike kimomi

Research TOA lissafin za'ayi a kan tushen da sakamakon thermal lissafi da kuma tabbaci. Su ne wajibi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, to sa latest gyara ga tsarin da aka tsara na'urar. Sun kuma yi wa gyara wani lissafai an dage farawa a cikin lissafi model aiwatar TOA samu empirically (ga gwaji data). Yin bincike ya shafi wani lissafi da na goma goma da kuma wani lokacin daruruwan lissafin da musamman shirin, ɓullo da aiwatar da a samar bisa ga ilmin lissafi ka'idar zane na gwaje-gwajen. Bisa ga sakamakon bayyanãwa rinjayar yanayi daban-daban da kuma ta jiki yawa a kan yi Manuniya TOA.

sauran lissafin

A lissafi na zafi Exchanger yanki, kada ka manta game da juriya da kayan. Tsayin lissafin TOA hada da dubawa da kimanta naúrar ga ƙarfin lantarki, torsional abin da aka makala don matsakaicin canja aiki lokacin a daki-daki da kuma nodes na gaba zafi Exchanger. Tare da kadan girma daga cikin samfurin ya zama da karfi, barga da kuma tabbatar da lafiya aiki a daban-daban, har ma da mafi m yanayi.

Dynamic lissafi aka yi domin sanin daban-daban halaye na zafi Exchanger a kan m aiki halaye.

Nau'in zafi Exchanger zane

Recuperative TOA a zane za a iya raba wani isasshe manyan yawan kungiyoyin. A mafi sani da kuma amfani da yadu - wani farantin zafi Exchanger, iska (Finned tube), harsashi da kuma tube zafi exchangers "bututu a bututu", harsashi-da-farantin, da sauransu. Akwai karin sosai na musamman da kuma m iri, misali, karkace (cochlea-Exchanger) ko scraper, wanda aiki tare da danko sosai ko da ba-Newtonian ruwaye, da kuma wasu masu iri.

Heat Exchanger "tube a tube"

Ka yi la'akari da sauki lissafi na zafi Exchanger "tube a tube". Fasali, irin wannan TOA aka maximally Sauki. A lokacin fara up da ciki tube na'ura, yawanci zafi zafi canja wuri ruwa domin rage asarar da, da kuma a cikin gidaje, ko cikin matsanancin tube, da coolant sanyaya gudu. Engineer Task a cikin wannan harka rage ga tabbatar da dalilin da tsawon zafi Exchanger a kan tushen da lasafta zafi musayar surface yankin da qaddara diameters.

Yana da daraja ya kara da cewa a cikin Thermodynamics ya gabatar da manufar wani manufa zafi Exchanger, cewa shi ne na iyaka tsawon naúrar, inda coolants aiki a kanta, da kuma tsakanin cikakken jawo zazzabi bambanci. A zane "bututu a bututu" mafi kusa ya gana da wadannan bukatun. Kuma idan gudu countercurrent zafi canja wuri ruwaye, shi zai zama abin da ake kira "counter-real" (kamar yadda tsayayya wa giciye-kamar yadda a cikin farantin TOA). Zazzabi matsin mafi yadda ya kamata jawo a lokacin da wani zirga-zirga kungiyar. Duk da haka, yin wani "bututu a bututu" lissafi na zafi Exchanger ya zama mai idon basira da kuma ba su manta game da dabaru bangaren, kazalika da sauƙi na shigarwa. evrofury tsawon - 13.5 m, kuma ba duk fasaha da wuraren saba skid da shigarwa na kayan aiki irin wannan tsawon.

Shell da kuma tube zafi exchangers

Saboda haka, yana da wani ɓangare na lissafi na irin wannan na'urar smoothly gudana a cikin lissafi na harsashi da kuma tube zafi Exchanger. Wannan na'ura, cikinsa da tube cuta ne a cikin guda hali (casing), wanke ta daban-daban coolants, dangane da manufa kayan aiki. A capacitors, misali, gudu a cikin refrigerant jacket, da kuma ruwa - a wani bututu. Tare da wannan hanya na zirga-zirga da muhallin sauki kuma mafi m don sarrafa aiki na naúra. A evaporators, conversely, da refrigerant tafasa a cikin shambura kuma suna wanke da sanyaya ruwa (ruwa, brines, glycols, da dai sauransu). Saboda haka, lissafi-tube zafi Exchanger an rage domin rage kayan aiki size. Wasa tare da diamita na casing, da diamita da kuma lambar da tsawon na ciki bututu inji m shiga cikin dabara darajar zafi musayar surface area.

iska da zafi exchangers

Daya daga cikin na kowa da nisa kadan exchangers - a finned tube zafi exchangers. Su kira coils. Inda suke ba kawai gyara jere daga fancoils (daga Turanci. Fan + nada, Ina nufin, "fan" + "nada") a ciki tubalan raba tsarin to giant flue iskar gas recuperator (selection na zafi daga zafi flue iskar gas da kuma canja wurin shi domin dumama) a boilers a CHP. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa lissafi na nada Exchanger dogara da aikace-aikace, inda zafin rana da ke shiga aiki. Industrial iska Coolers (VOPy) shigar a cikin bẽnãye buga-daskararre nama, a freezers a low yanayin zafi da kuma sauran abubuwa na abinci refrigeration, bukatar wasu tsarin fasali a da zane. Distance tsakanin lamella (filafilin kifi) ya kamata a maximized ƙara da lokaci na ci gaba da aiki tsakanin defrost hawan keke. Vaporizers for DCs (data cibiyar), a akasin haka, sa yiwu a mafi m clamping mezhlamelnye nesa zuwa m. Irin wannan zafin exchangers suna aiki a cikin "tsarki zone", kewaye da wata lafiya tace (har zuwa HEPA sa), duk da haka, wannan lissafi ne da za'ayi na tubular zafi Exchanger da wani girmamawa a kan minimizing da sauran girma.

farantin zafi exchangers

A halin yanzu barga bukatar farantin zafi exchangers. A cewar ta sanyata zane, su ne cikakken gasketed da kuma Semi-welded, kuma mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded da kuma brazed yadawa Hanyar (ba tare da solder). Thermal zane na farantin zafi Exchanger ne isasshe m, kuma ba musamman wuya ga m. A selection tsari zai iya wasa irin faranti, zurfin tashoshi kafa, filafilin kifi type, karfe kauri, daban-daban kayan da kuma, mafi muhimmanci - da yawa misali size model na na'urorin na daban-daban masu girma dabam. Irin wannan zafin exchangers ne low kuma m (ga tururi dumama ruwa) ko high kuma kunkuntar (rabuwa zafi exchangers ga iska-motsa jiki da tsarin). Su sukan yi amfani, da kuma wani matsakaici tare da wani lokaci miƙa mulki, watau kamar yadda condensers, evaporators, tururi Coolers, predkondensatorov da sauransu. D. Yi thermal zane na zafi Exchanger aiki a biphasic juna, kadan wuya fiye da zafi Exchanger na "ruwa-ruwa", amma ga gogaggen m wannan matsala ne solvable kuma ba musamman wuya. Don sauƙaƙe wadannan lissafin zamani injiniya designers amfani da kwamfuta database, inda za ka iya samun mai yawa dole bayanai, ciki har da zamani zane na wani refrigerant a wani gudana yanayin, misali, a shirin CoolPack.

Lissafin lokuttan Example Exchanger

Babban manufar da lissafi ne a lissafi na zama dole zafi musayar surface area. Heat (refrigeration) ikon da aka yawanci a kayyade a cikin sharuddan tunani, amma a cikin misali za mu lissafi da kuma ta, domin, ka ce: Shin, wani rajistan shiga na bukatun jaddadawa. Wani lokaci yana kuma ya faru da cewa asalin data iya creep kuskure. Daya daga cikin ayyuka na wani m m - wannan kuskure gano da kuma gyara. A matsayin misali, yin lissafi farantin zafi Exchanger na "ruwa - ruwa". Bari ya zama wani SEPARATOR kewaye (matsa lamba wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi) a high-Yunƙurin ginin. Domin canja da matsa lamba a kan kayan aiki, da gina skyscrapers sosai sau da yawa amfani da wannan dabarar. A gefe daya daga cikin zafi Exchanger da ruwa a ƙofar Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS da kuma mafita Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, kuma a kwarara kudi G1 = 14 500 kg / h, da kuma a kan sauran - shi ne ma ruwa, amma a nan da wadannan sigogi: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 kg / h.

Dole ikon (Q0) lissafi da thermal balance dabara (ga adadi sama, da dabara 7.1 ..), ina Cp - takamaiman thermal iya aiki (tebur darajar). Domin saukin lissafin Wadannan dabi'u dauki zafi damar EOT = 4,187 [KJ / kg * ᵒS]. Mun la'akari da:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - a kan na farko gefen kuma

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - a kan na biyu gefen.

Ka lura da cewa, bisa ga dabara (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, ko da kuwa wanda gefe na lissafi da za'ayi.

Bugu da ari, a cikin babban zafi canja wuri lissafi (7.2), za mu sami zama dole surface area (7.2.1), inda k - zafi canja wuri coefficient (zaci daidai 6350 [W / ^m2]), da kuma ΔTsr.log. - nufin-zazzabi bambanci, aka lasafta ta dabara (7.3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / Ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0,6931 = 1,4428.

F ne = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 m ^2.

A cikin akwati inda zafi canja wuri coefficient ne ba a sani ba, da lissafi ne dan kadan mafi rikitarwa farantin zafi Exchanger. Formula (7.4) suna dauke Reynolds yawan inda ρ - yawa [kg / ^M3], η - tsauri danko, [N * s / m ^2], v - gudu daga cikin matsakaici a cikin bututu [m / s], d cm - wettable huda diamita [m].

Daga tebur mu nemi bukata darajar Prandtl [K.Mag], da kuma dabara (7.5), da muka samu da Nusselt lambar, inda n = 0,4 - wani ruwa dumama yanayi, da kuma n = 0,3 - da sanyaya a cikin ruwa yanayi.

Bugu da ari, da dabara (7.6) da aka lasafta zafi canja wuri coefficient daga coolant to kowane bango, da kuma dabara (7.7) aka zaci zafi canja wuri coefficient, wanda aka maye a cikin dabara (7.2.1) yin lissafi da zafi musayar surface area.

A sama dabarbari, λ - thermal madugu coefficient, ϭ - da kauri daga cikin tashar bango, α1 da α2 - zafi canja wuri coefficients na kowane daga cikin zafi canja wuri bango.