Logo - a falsafar da cewa? A ra'ayi na "tambura"

Kar gaskiya ne cewa falsafar samo asali a zamanin tsohuwar Girka a VI karni BC. e.

A lokaci ne hada da Girkanci kalmomi kamar "phileo" (soyayya) da kuma "Sophia" (hikima). Saboda haka a zahiri translation - "soyayya na hikima". Falsafa za a iya fassara a matsayin rukunan duniya, na dokokin general da ka'idodinta zama, da ilmi ba. Yana da wani irin na ruhaniya da kuma dalilan ci gaban gaskiya. A falsafa, da muhimmiyar rawar da aka buga da Kalmar "tambura".

fassarar da ra'ayi

Ancient Greek Kalmar "tambura" da aka yi amfani da karo na farko da Falsafa da kuma siyasa Heraclitus. Ya yi amfani da shi a cikin koyarwarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mahanga. Kalmar "tambura" a falsafar tsufa ya zama daga baya sosai rare da samun da yawa bambancin fassarori.

Mafi sau da yawa shi da aka bi a matsayin "ra'ayin" ko "ji" (manufar). Har ila yau, kowa fassarar "kalma" (ma'ana, ciwon darajar, bayani game da abu ko sabon abu). A wani hanya, cikin logo - shi ne falsafar wata kalma cewa daukawa wani rabuwa ra'ayin.

A wani daban-daban mahallin da wannan ra'ayi yana da daban-daban dabi'u.

Shubuha ta manufar "tambura"

Da yawa fassarori da kalmar karkashin review, an samu yafi a Heraclitus, musamman:

1. Logos a falsafar - shi ne a duniya dokar da cewa kowa da kowa a duniya shi ne batun ( "vseupravlyayuschy Logos").
2. Shi abubuwa magana na yaƙĩni da daidaito, kazalika da tabbatar da irin iyaka a cikin abin da ya kwarara canje-canje da kuma canji. Logos a falsafar - shi (a takaice) dokar, sa duniya mai jituwa, ma'ana da proportionate. Wannan shi ne, duk canje-canje faruwa a cikinta (bayar rastsenivaniya wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda wani gwargwado).
3. Wannan lokaci ya nuna ainihi daga cikin sabani Concepts kamar nagarta da mugunta, dare da rana, sanyi da zafi, ya kafa na su guda mahaluži, "wani lamba kuma noninteger, convergent kuma bamban, yarjejeniyar da kuma sabani, dukkan - daya, daya - duk" (Falsafa na Heraclitus - "The rukunan da Logos").
4. Tattauna da manufar da ba a amfani dangane da mutum abubuwa. Logo a cikin falsafar Heraclitus - nadi na totality.

Ya bayyana musu da tunaninsa na hadin kai, zaman lafiya da kuma mutuncin duniya. Heraclitus gano manufar "tambura" tare da halittu. Son sha'awa bangaren da aka generated fito daga wuta sarari, da hankulansu - Logos, saboda gaskiyar cewa abu mafi muhimmanci, wanda ake gyarawa a cikin rãyuwar dũniya, kuma aka nuna a cikin ji na sarari, kungiyar hidima da kuma duniya domin, wanda canza dabam data kasance abubuwa tare.

Saboda haka, rungumar duk abin da ya shafi cikin "rukunan da Logos" na Heraclitus, zamu iya cewa wannan ra'ayi ne da dokar da ya bada duniya substantiality, daidaito da kuma ikon tasowa.

Da muhimmancin lokaci a karkashin review,

Logos a falsafar - shi ne kamar yadda ya wajaba ra'ayi, kamar yadda dokokin siyasa, bayyana da universality da totality na tunani. Ya ƙunshi wani muhimman hakkokin-ontological ciki cewa wakiltar jigon duniya domin, kuma yana yiwuwa ya fahimta kawai ta shafi tunanin mutum, kuma ba azanci shine fahimta.

Movement daga labari to tambura - An motsi daga wani jam'i na abu da kuma batun, daga mai hazo bambanci na mutum "I", kuma ba "I" ga kyakkyawar fahimtar wannan adawa, kazalika da bambance-bambance tsakanin abu da kuma image. Wannan ne, da motsi na da hali to kallo.

Daga labari to tambura

Akwai da dama Concepts na mika mulki daga wanda aka rabu amfani duniya Outlook zuwa fundamentally sabon hanya. Duk da haka, a matsayin muhimman hakkokin ne da wadannan:

Mythogenic ka'idar

Jigon wannan ra'ayi - zargin cewa falsafar tsufa ne saboda abin da Girkanci mythology, na biyu ƙarni, da yake magana da ake kira rationalist fassarar.

The labari nan da aka gani a matsayin Misalin bayan wanda hakikanin tarihi facts, real events, amma ƙwarai gurbata da misinterpreted. Misãli ya na generalizing wani aiki da abin da mutane a wasu siffofin nufi m Concepts. A kan lokaci da ta dauki hankali ya gamsu da labari (epithets fassara data kasance tsarin da allegories a kan Categories da Concepts na harshe).

Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa falsafar - shi ne saba wa daidai zamanin mythology.

Daya daga cikin zabin dauke ra'ayi na umurni, wata alama ce ka'idar cewa fassara da labari a matsayin kowa hankali da kuma son sha'awa image, goyon baya da al'ada da kuma na al'ada.

Gnoseogennaya ka'idar

A duban farko, za ka iya zaton cewa yana da wani counterbalance da daya tattauna a sama. A ainihi wannan ra'ayi muhimmi tabbatarwa cewa falsafar ya aikata ba a na kowa tare da yaren, saboda shi yana da daban-daban Madogararsa. Ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa na duniya da aka kafa a kan tushen da kimiyya da kuma msar tambayar ilmi kuma generalizations ainihin abubuwan da suka faru. Da ilimin falsafa da tunani ya samo asali ta hanyar ilimi, da aka fundamentally tsayayya da dama ra'ayoyi da kuma imani. Saboda haka, an kammala da cewa mythology ba zai iya zama a baya tarihi na falsafa (I ne "The History of Philosophy").

Gnoseogenno-Mythogenic ka'idar

Kamar yadda riga bayyana daga muƙamin, wannan ra'ayi crosses biyu na farko m theories. Ta yi ikirarin cewa a cikin labari akwai aka gyara na kowa hankali, shekaru masu yawa na kwarewa, da kuma a waje akwai abubuwa daban-daban daga yankunan da kimiyya (magani, lissafi, da dai sauransu), Aro daga Gabas.

Sotsioantropomorfnaya (tarihi da kuma m) ka'idar

Its wakilin - Faransa Anthropology, tarihi da kuma bincike Jean-Pierre Vernan ( "The Origin of Greek tunani"). Ya bayyana aiwatar da kasancewa daga cikin ra'ayi na rationality da doguwar su a kullum abin da ke faruwa halin da ake ciki, da cewa an dauki tunanin canji: duk cosmic mamaki fara da za a gane ta cikin zaman yau da kullum events, ba ayyuka arna alloli.

Saboda haka, tushen kowane ra'ayi dogara ne a kan biyu Concepts - da labari da tambura. Falsafa, idan na su ce haka, ya samo asali ne daga farko zuwa na biyu. Kamar yadda ta bayyana, akwai mutane da yawa wuraren view game da wannan sauyin.

Rukunan da Logos na Heraclitus

Wannan abin kwaikwaya ba kawai tsoho Greek jari-hujja a farkon lokaci, amma kuma tsoho Greek Dialectics.

A cewar Heraclitus, da Logos ne abin da yake peculiar to kome da kowa da kowa a kusa da shi, kazalika da abin da dukan kõme suna gudana daga duk. A fili, wannan yana daya daga cikin sosai karo na farko da wording, inda ra'ayin farko ka'idojin da aka lauye da wuya ya taso da ra'ayin total dokar Hukumar dukan kõme.

Yana dauke da yiwuwar bambantawa na falsafa da kuma kimiyyar lissafi, kazalika da kadaici da ayyuka tare da gaisuwa ga nazari da kuma bayanin yanayi. Hakika, a lokacin da Heraclitus ya kwashe dukan uku abubuwa kamar yadda daya, suna tattare da ra'ayin farko ka'idojin.

Da ilimin falsafa da kwarewa da past shekaru tabbatar da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a gano tare da wani abu guda, tare da wani daga cikin data kasance abu abubuwa. Amma daga baya an gano cewa, da farko manufa ba za a iya dangantaka da al'amarin a duk, kamar yadda kusan duk m masana falsafa sun yi mamaki game da yiwuwar daidaituwa dabi'ar mutum da kuma duniya a general, kuma mafi musamman mas'ala ta - hankali da jiki a wani wakilin 'yan adam. A lokacin da ake bukata domin samun manufa hada wani jiki (ciki har da mutum) da ciki ciki - zuciya. Saboda haka, da wuya nema ga mutum da zaman lafiya da kuma duniya jam'iyya tsiwirwirinsu biyu a cikin falsafa da kuma al'adu a matsayin dukan ne mai haske da shaci, wanda aka hankali ana juya a cikin wani duniya matsala.

Heraclitus yana sha'awar kagaggun mutum tunani, motsin rai da kuma bege. Wuta (ganuwa da kuma tsauri) kamar yadda na farko abubuwa ya zama yardajje a view of koyarwar wannan Falsafa cewa an hade da zuciyar ɗan adam. Saboda haka, Heraclitus bayyana mai rai yanayi. Bisa ga ka'idar, jikin mutum da aka wakilta shawa affections, tunani, wahala da kuma m. P.

An sano Greek lokaci a cikin tsarin na Kiristanci

A Hellenistic manufar "tambura" tana da hankalin daga addini da tunani da Rum, wanda ya nema ya gama da Greek da syncretic Eastern hadisai.

A gagarumin sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwajen - rukunan da fice wakilin Yahudawa Hellenism Philo.

Ya yi imani da cewa logo a falsafar - shi ne wani ciki da shirin da kuma hankali na Allah dangane da duniya. Bugu da kari, shi ne har yanzu gane ta Philo matsayin tsakiya tsakanin "na farko Allah" - mahaliccin dukkan abubuwan da "uku bautãwa" - da yanayi (halittar da Ubangiji), wanda aka kira a matsayin "na biyu bautãwa", "babban firist", "makaɗaicin Ɗan Allah ba."

Wannan rukunan Philo sun fi mayar rinjayi Kirista tauhidin: aka nuna a cikin koyarwar Bishara daga hannun Yahaya game da Logos ( "A cikin farko akwai Kalma, Kalman nan kuwa tare da Allah yake, Kalman nan kuwa Allah ne" (1: 1)), kazalika da a Apocalypse ( 19:13) a cikin sunan "Kalman Allah" tana nufin Yesu.

A bambanci ga wannan ra'ayi a cikin tsarin na Hellenistic falsafa (da emanation na Mawadãci da tuba nau'i na ya tsaya a cikin ƙananan sammai), a Kirista falsafa da aka bayyana a cikin Bishara, mutum na biyu daga cikin Triniti (Yesu Kiristi) logo na nufin, da farko, nan da nan na zaman Ubangiji a duniya, kuma a na biyu shi ne syncretic hadin kai tare da mutum halitta ( "Kalman ya zama jiki", Yah., (1:14)).

Jamus transcendentalism tare da gaisuwa ga manufar karkashin shawara

A cikin falsafa na zamani sau sha'awa a cikin al'amurran da suka shafi na logo an maye gurbinsu da matsaloli na dabaru. Duk da haka, a cikin tsarin na Jamus transcendentalism, wanda aka halin ban sha'awa, concreteness da historicity na ruhu, otherness dabaru interrelation daga cikin cikakkar da sirri, shi da aka samu da koma baya dauke Logo falsafa. A musamman, Kant da wani Christological rubutu fassara Logos Ioanna cikin sharuddan da karfinsu da data kasance ka'idodinta dalilin da dangantaka da matsalar delimitation na addini da kuma m dalilin.

Jamus Falsafa Fichte, a hannu daya, Highlights da daidaito da koyarwarsa daga cikin Bisharar Yahaya, a kan sauran - shi ya sãɓa Kiristanci ( "madawwami" Logos addini da kuma sanin) Kiristanci Paul, sun fi mayar da "karkatar da magana," Ruya ta Yohanna.

Domin Hegel ta falsafa a logo - wani ra'ayi (daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na ta dabaru). Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne a cikin tsarin na Jamus Falsafa umurni ne da wani irin matsakaicin tonawa kamar yadda Mawadãci Idea a kuma ga kansa, ko kuma wajen da ra'ayoyi da ta rinjayi tsaga na haƙiƙa, da kayadadden siffofin da kuma cimma 'yanci. Saboda haka, kara ci gaba da ta da na halitta bayani dalla-dalla ga sauran kasancewa Mawadãci Ruhu iya dauke a matsayin logo sverhempiricheskoy labaru.

Tattauna batun a cikin tsarin na Rasha addini falsafa

Kalmar "tambura" a cikin nau'i na ta data kasance kamus bayyana a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni. A universality na theme kafa Rasha Falsafa V. S. Solovev, daga ra'ayi na rarrabe sunan ga shi, "Alexandria" mahallin da Bishara koyarwa ( "da ilimin falsafa Principles of na game Ilimi" da "Karatu game da Allah-balaga").

Don dukan fassarori da manufar "tambura" ne sau da yawa koma shahararrun maganan falsafa na "dayantaka" (Bulgakov, Karsavin, Florensky, Frank).

Rasha Falsafa V. F. Ern Firaministan neoslavyanofilskuyu logizma akidar gabatar a cikin gabatarwar littafin "The yi jihadi a cikin Logos" ( "logo ne da taken"), wanda aka yi tsayayya da Helenawa-Kirista tambura na Yammacin rationalism.

Ka yi la'akari da ra'ayi a XX karni falsafa

Theme logo aka biya sosai da hankali a kan wani ɓangare na addini da masana falsafa da netomistskoy hadisin (manufar Karl Rahner, inda wani mutum - "da mai sauraro na Kalma"), da kuma wakilan da Protestant "muhawarar tauhidin" (Karl Barth).

Yana da wani muhimmanci fuskar ra'ayi, musamman tare da gaisuwa ga Helenawa al'adunmu zuwa hermeneutics ( "Gaskiya, kuma Hanyar" Garamera).

A Jamus Falsafa Martin Heidegger akai-akai a cikin latest ayyukansu, ya kõmo zuwa ƙoƙari ya sake fassara ma'anar manta tsoho Greek tambura - "tattara-bude" karfi.

A karkashin post-structuralism, wannan lokaci ake dangantawa da rationalist mythology na West. Saboda haka, domin Hanyar deconstruction Derrida ta main nufi shi ne zuwa "neutralization" na logocentrism, synonymous metaphysics.

Modern falsafa game da wannan ra'ayi

Mutane da yawa da masana falsafa da kuma New da sabon lokaci, kamar AA Ivakin, Heidegger da sauransu la'akari da Kalmar "tambura" kamar yadda wani warai ma'ana da Multi-mai daraja. Ya aka bi a matsayin "kalma", "tunani" ( "kalma, jawabin, idan sun yi nasĩha, jigon ne guda" tunani ", amma saki zuwa waje, ya sami yancin"). Har ila yau, sukan yi amfani da wani translation da kalmar a matsayin "ma'anar" (a manufa akai, manufar dalilin) abubuwa ko events.

Wasu Rasha idealist masana falsafa logo amfani matsayin nadi na guda kwayoyin ilmi wanda yake shi ne peculiar da ma'auni na zuciya da tunani, gaban diraya da analysis (PA Florensky, V. F. Ern).