LOUVRE Palace: tarihi da kuma hotuna

LOUVRE Palace (Faransa) ne a gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma gine-gine, a tsakiyar Paris, kafa kan ƙarni da dama. Asalinsu shi housed mai kauri sansanin soja, daga baya ya gina a cikin wani m sarauta zama. Yau, shi ne mafi girma da gidan kayan gargajiya a duniya tare da wani arziki tarin ayyukan art.

description

Turai ta most tarihi qasaita, tuba a cikin wani gidan kayan gargajiya, aka located a dama banki na Seine. Domin shekaru 800, da hadaddun aka gina sau da yawa. A gine-gine da sharuddan LOUVRE tunawa da abubuwa na Renaissance, Baroque, neo-gargajiya da eclectic. Wasu gine-gine, a haɗe da juna, a matsayin dukan dokoki da wani iko tsarin, gina a cikin shirin na wani elongated murabba'i mai dari. Hakika, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gani na Paris ne LOUVRE Palace.

hadaddun shirin ya hada da:

• babban gini, kunsha na uku da alaka sassa galleries;
• karkashin kasa da daukan hotuna, wanda shi ne bayyane ɓangare na gilashi dala Napoleon a cikin yadi.
• nasara baka carousel da Tuileries gidãjen Aljanna.

A hadaddun na gine-gine tare da total yanki na 60 zuwa 600 m ² gidan kayan gargajiya tare da fiye da 35 000 ayyukan art. A duniya al'adunmu ya hada da zane-zane, sculptures, kayan ado, yau da kullum abubuwa, gine-gine da abubuwa, rufe da lokaci tun daga lokacin da zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da farfado - stele da Hammurabi ta Code, a sassaka na Nike na Samothrace, da zanen "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo Vinci da sauran Masterpieces.

farkon tsakiyar zamanai

LOUVRE Palace, wanda Dates baya ga XII karni, asali aiki a matsayin wani zalla tsaron gida aiki. A lokacin da Filibus Augustus II sarautar waje na Paris da aka gina tridtsatimetrovoy tsaron gida hasumiya - da ci gaba da. Gina a kusa da shi 10 karami hasumiyai alaka bango.

A waɗannan m sau, babban hadarin zo daga arewa maso yammacin: a wani lokaci na iya kai farmaki da Vikings ko pretenders ga Faransa kursiyin daga tsara Plantagenet da Capetian. Bugu da kari, da ƙawance da Sarkin Ingila ne Duchy na Normandy, dake a cikin unguwa.

A sansanin soja aiki a matsayin sintiri-tsaron gida aiki. The mutum sassa na hasumiyar za a iya gani a cikin cellar. Sun kasance a cikin lãbãri sadaukar da tarihi na LOUVRE, ta kuma ayyana wani archaeological ajiye. Yana yiwuwa cewa Sarkin gina wani kagara a kan tushe na wani wuri tsaron gida tsarin. Ba zato ba tsammani, kalmar "LOUVRE" a cikin harshen da Franks nufin "hasumiya".

marigayi tsakiyar zamanai

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na sha hudu da LOUVRE Palace ya halartar munanan canje-canje. By cewa lokaci, Paris ya kumbura da yawa. New garun birnin da kuma tsohon kagara ya cikin birnin iyaka da aka tãyar da su. A dabarun muhimmancin tsaron gida tsarin da aka baje. Charles V hikima gina castle cikin wani wakilin castle da koma wa hedkwatar.

Donjon aka halin sāke gina. A ciki layout da aka maida shi musamman domin na zama bukatun, akwai wani rufin da pinnacles. Around quadrangle gina gidajen zama da kasuwanci da gine-gine na wannan tsawo. Sama da babban kofa tashi biyu da kananan m turrets, wanda ya ba da gina wani ladabi.

Ƙananan ɓangare na ganuwar partially kiyaye wannan rana. Saura na gine-gine zauna a kwata na gabas reshe na LOUVRE wannan. A musamman - da quadrangle a kusa da wani square tsakar gida.

Renaissance

A cikin karni na sha shida, Francis na yanke shawarar fara harkokin LOUVRE Palace. The m Per Lesko samarwa da sake gina castle a cikin style of Faransa Renaissance. Ya fara aiki a 1546 ƙaramar kuma ci gaba a karkashin Henry II.

New gini mai ban mamaki da aka yi a rectangular siffar da manyan tsakar gida (Hur Kare) amma yana yiwuwa ya canja zuwa wani square siffar. A lokacin da rayuwar Pierre Lescot aka gina shi ne kawai wani sashi na yamma reshe a wajen gefen kudu. Shi ne mafi gaba daya kiyaye gine-gine na wannan LOUVRE.

Architect yadu amfani da gine-gine na gargajiya siffofin, hada su da na gargajiya Faransa makaranta (high rufin da attics). A gini ne halin da wani jitu sanarwa akan abinda na facade da uku bangarori na discontinuities a cikin nau'i na rectangular windows shugaba tare da triangular pediments, rabu da pilasters da arcades a kan benen kasa. Facade kuma ru da yawa sculptures. LOUVRE Palace a wakiltar ba kasa da m gani. Lesko, tare da sculptor Jean Goujon gina babban dakin taron tare da wani mutum-mutumi na Atamis.

The fadada daga cikin castle

A zamanin mulkin Ekateriny Medichi aka gina shi kusa da fādar Tuileries , da kuma ci gaba da manufar wani tsawo wa data kasance LOUVRE gine-gine. Henry IV ya aiwatar da aikin.

Da farko LOUVRE Palace saura aka tsarkake ta cikin tsohon kulle da kuma fadada tsakar gida. Sa'an nan da gine-ginen Jacques da kuma Louis Métezeau Andrue kammala gina karama gallery, kuma ya fara aiki a kan wani babban gallery (Grand Gallerie), wanda da alaka da LOUVRE da Tuileries.

Riga a wannan mataki na hadaddun da shi ya zama mayar da hankali da kimiyya da kuma al'adu. Yana housed a buga gidan, a Mint. Kuma a sa'an nan a cikin daya daga cikin gine-gine da aka yarda su shirya da kuma aiki sculptors, painters, jewelers, watchmakers, makamai masu yi, carvers, masaƙa.

XVII karni

LOUVRE Palace ci gaba da girma da kuma a cikin goma sha bakwai karni. Louis XIII ya tsince da baton na kakanninsa. Karkashin shi Zhak Lemerse yi na Pavilion fara a 1624 hours, da kuma arewa ginin da aka gina - kwafi na gallery na Pierre Lescot.

Louis XIV, yana da wani rauni ga grandiose ayyukan, da umarnin rushe tsohon gine-gine da kuma kammala sarari a kusa da wani filin. Sai duk aka tsara a cikin wannan salon. Amma mafi m burin da aka gina da Gabas ɗakin.

Tun da wannan ɓangare na fadar ta gari, shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi musamman m. mafi kyau Turai gine-ginen na lokacin da aka gayyace. A mafi m aikin gabatar da Italian Giovanni Bernini. Ya samarwa rushe duk da gidan sarki, da kuma gina wani sabon daya. Ganin yadda da wuya da kuma hadadden dagewa gina baya sarki, da ra'ayin da aka ƙi. Klod Perro (yayana bayar da labarun baka Sharlya Perro) ɓullo da wani jayayya, daga abin da karfe hanãwa.

Paris fuska

Gabas Colonnade sāke LOUVRE Palace. Description 173-mita yi masana faye hali kamar haka - shi ne mafi girma da embodiment na ideas na Faransa classicism. Klod Perro ƙi rinjaye a lokacin da wani m Roman gine-gine, abubuwa na wanda suka rabin-ginshikan da pilasters. Su aka maye gurbinsu da bude iska ginshiƙai a cikin Corinthian style, rike sama da lebur rufin (wanda shi ma wata bidi'a).

Yana mamaki cewa C. Perrault (a zahiri a kai sanar) zai iya ba da girmanka ginin ba tare da bayani dalla-dalla sculptures da kuma "kayan ado", don haka rare a cikin XVII karni. Da ra'ayoyin giant jitu da oda, da yake kallon m benen kasa, tsince gine-ginen cikin Turai. Similar iri gine-gine a can da kuma a St. Petersburg. A ra'ayin sanya shafi nau'i-nau'i tsakanin windows, a daya hannun, ya taimaka, wajen ci gaba da airiness na colonnade, a kan sauran - ƙara da adadin haske shigar da dakuna.

VXIII-XX karni

A wannan lokacin da LOUVRE Palace hasarar da matsayi na na sarki zama. A 1682 Korol Lyudovik da ayarinsa koma Versailles. Mutane da yawa da dakuna kasance ba a kare ba. Lokacin da Napoleon Bonaparte yi ci gaba. Bisa ga aikin Visconti kara uwa da arewa reshe. Fontaine da Percier - sabon galleries aka gina.

A XX karni (1985-1989 shekaru), sanannen m IM Pei samarwa a m, kuma m zane na cikin karkashin kasa gidan kayan gargajiya. A wannan yanayin wani ƙarin shigar da LOUVRE za'ayi ta hanyar gilashin dala lokaci guda Dome na karkashin kasa zauren.

samuwar tarin

Unique tarin daga cikin LOUVRE fara nunawa tun lokacin Sarki Francis I, sha'awar Italian art. Ya tattara a kasarsa zama Fontainebleau ayyukan Renaissance, sa'an nan gudun hijira zuwa Paris.

A taron na Francis na kasance zane-zane na Raphael, Michelangelo, tarin duwatsu masu daraja. Bugu da kari, da monarch gayyace daga Apennines daga cikin mafi kyau Italian gine-ginen, painters, jewelers, sculptors. Mafi shahara daga cikin bako ya Leonardo Vinci, wasiyya wadda ya tafi zuwa ga LOUVRE zanen "Mona Lisa."

A zamanin da monarch Henry IV LOUVRE Palace a Paris shi ne m cibiyar na Faransa. The Grand Gallery da dama sanannun Masters, waɗanda ayyukansu zama tushen nan gaba gidan kayan gargajiya. Louis XIV kuma ƙaunar duk da kyau. A masa sarauta da ofishin, akwai goma sha biyar da ɗari zane-zane, Faransa, Flemish, Italiyanci da kuma Dutch artists.

Faransa juyin juya halin da gudummawar da ci gaban da gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma da canji a cikin hukumomin gwamnati. Collections sarakuna, aristocrats, da majami'u da aka nationalized da kuma shiga cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. Napoleonic kamfen sun zama tushen ƙari daga wadannan exposures. Bayan da shan kashi na Napoleon aka koma fiye da 5000 guda na kama tsohon masu, amma da yawa ya zauna a cikin LOUVRE.

Da samuwar da gidan kayan gargajiya

26/07/1791 majalisar da aka kafa da umarnin a tara a fādar da LOUVRE "Monuments na zane-zane da kuma kimiyyar." Ga jama'a gidan kayan gargajiya da aka bude a ranar 11/18/1793.

A XX karni LOUVRE Palace, wanda aka photo karin ƙawa, ya halartar canje-canje. Re karkashin kasa gallery tare da gilashin dala aka gina, da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin aka raba. Akwai kawai ayyukan halitta kafin 1848. Daga baya Impressionist zane-zane da mayar da su cikin Museum of Orsay da Impressionism. Wadanda farfado cewa an halicci bayan shekara ta 1914 ne National Center for su. Georges Pompidou.