M hanyoyin da adabi:-daban da kuma misalan

Kamar yadda ka sani, kalmar shi ne ainihin naúrar na kowane harshe, kazalika da mafi muhimmanci bangaren da ya m wajen. Dace na amfani da harshe sun fi mayar da kayyade expressiveness na magana.

A cikin mahallin kalmar - shi ne na musamman duniya, wani madubi marubucin ji da kuma dangane da gaskiya. A wallafe-wallafen da rubutu na da metaphorical, daidaito, su musamman gaskiya da ake kira m ayoyin da mahallin dogara harshen fasali.

Mutane daya-daya ji na duniya kewaye da mu da aka nuna a cikin wannan rubutu tare da taimakon metaphorical kalamai. Bayan duk, art - shi ne da farko a kai-nuni na fatan mutum. Literary masana'anta da aka saka daga metaphors, samar da taguwar ruwa da kuma aiki a kan motsin zuciyarmu image na wani aiki na gwaninta. A cikin kalmomin akwai ƙarin dabi'u, musamman stylistic canza launi, da samar da wani irin duniyar da muke samu ta hanyar karanta rubutu.

Ba wai kawai a cikin adabi amma kuma a cikin baka, salon magana jawabin da muka yi amfani da ba tare da tunani, daban-daban dabaru na m magana, to ba shi da wasu tausaya, lallashewa, hasashe. Bari mu ga abin da m na'urorin ne a Rasha harshe.

Musamman ta taimaka wajen haifar da ma'ana yin amfani da metaphors, don haka bari mu fara da su.

misãli

M dabaru a cikin adabi ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da ambata mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - a misãli. Wannan shi ne wani hanya don ƙirƙirar wani harshe hoto na duniya a kan tushen da riga data kasance a cikin harshen da dabi'u.

Iri metaphors ne da wadannan:

1. Petrified, gajiyayye, bushe ko tarihi (baka na jirgin ruwan, da allura).
2. Kari - resistant siffa hade da kalmomi da suka mallaka da tausaya, metaphors, reproducibility a cikin tunanin mutane da yawa jawabai, expressivity (matattu karye rufaffiyar da'irar, da dai sauransu ...).
3. A guda misãli (misali, rashin gida zuciya).
4. Fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa (zuciya - "kararrawa ain China a wani rawaya" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. Traditional shayari (da safe na rayuwa, wuta na soyayya).
6. Daidaiku-marubucin (hump matafiya).

Bugu da ƙari kuma, misãli iya zama lokaci guda Misalin da embodiment, a hyperbola, fasara, meiosis, litotes da kuma sauran hanyoyi.

The kalmar "misãli" da aka fassara daga Girkanci kalmar "canja wuri". A wannan yanayin da muke da ake rubutu da canja wurin da sunayen daga daya batu zuwa wani. Wannan shi ya yiwu, dole ne su zama dole wasu kamance, ya kamata su zama da ɗan related. Misãli ne wata kalma ko magana da ake amfani a zaurance saboda kama na biyu mamaki, ko abubuwa a kan wasu filaye.

A sakamakon irin canja wuri da halitta image. Saboda haka, misãli - daya daga cikin mafi shahararren wajen magana da fasaha, poetic magana. Duk da haka, babu wannan hanya ba ya nufin babu magana da aiki.

Misãli iya zama a matsayin mai sauki, ko kumbura. A karni na ashirin farfado da amfani da tura a cikin shayari, da kuma yanayi na sauki canje-canje muhimmanci.

metonymy

Metonymy - shi ne daya daga cikin iri na metaphors. Fassara daga Girkanci kalmar ma'ana "Sake Sunan", to, akwai da canja wurin da sunan daya abu zuwa wani. Metonymy ne ya maye gurbin wasu kalmomi a kan tushen da data kasance adjacency na biyu Concepts, abubuwa, da sauransu. D. Wannan zoba a kan kai tsaye darajar da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Misali: "Na ci biyu bowls." Hadawa dabi'u da kuma su canja wuri ne yiwu saboda abubuwa ne m, da adjacency iya zama a cikin lokaci, a sarari, da kuma sauransu. D.

synecdoche

Synecdoche - wani irin metonymy. Fassara daga Girkanci kalmar ma'ana "hulda." Wannan canja daraja riqe lokacin, maimakon ya fi girma kira kadan, ko mataimakin versa. maimakon part - dukan, da kuma mataimakin versa. Ga misali: "Bisa ga Moscow."

epithet

M dabaru a cikin wallafe-wallafe, a jerin wanda muke da yanzu tsaye, ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da epithet. Wannan adadi, en, m definition daga cikin jumla ko kalma don wani mutum, a sabon abu, wani abu ko mataki da kayadadden matsayi na marubucin.

A Girkanci, da kalmar na nufin "aikace-aikace, da aikace-aikace", wato, a cikin akwati, daya kalma lura da sauransu.

A epithet na wani sauki definition da aka bambanta da ta m magana.

Constant epithets amfani da almara a matsayin wajen bugawa, kazalika da daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wajen m magana. A cikin m ji na lokaci zuwa wažožin ciki ne kawai irin na su, wanda suna da aiki na kalmar a zaurance, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da ake kira daidai epithets wanda aka bayyana da kalmomi a zahiri hankali (ja Berry, kyawawan furanni). An dimbin yawa tare da yin amfani da kalmomi a zaurance. Irin wannan epithets ake kira metaphorically. Metonymic sunan iya zama dalilin wannan sawu.

Oxymoron - wani irin epithet, da ake kira contrasting epithets, kafa hade tare da suna daura da su a kan ma'anar kalmomin (ƙin soyayya, m bakin ciki).

kwatanta

Kwatanta - hanyõyi a wanda daya abu ne halin ta kwatanta da sauran. Wannan shi ne mai kwatanta da daban-daban abubuwa na kama da cewa shi ne duka na fili da kuma m, m. Yawancin lokaci aka bayyana ta wasu kalmomi: "kawai," "kamar," "kamannuna" "kamar." kwatancen iya dauka da tsari na instrumental hali.

sojan gona

Kwatanta m dabaru a cikin adabi, shi wajibi ne in ambaci da sojan gona. Yana da wani irin misãli, wakiltar aiki na da kaddarorin halittu masu rai abubuwa na matattun yanayi. Sau da yawa shi ne halitta da nufin kama mamaki na halitta kamar yadda m yake. Personification ne ma canjawa wuri zuwa da kaddarorin adam da dabbobi.

Hyperbole da litotes

Ka lura da waɗannan dabaru na m magana a cikin adabi kamar yadda hyperbola da litotes.

Hyperbole (a translation - "ƙari") - daya daga cikin hanyar magana da magana, shi ne wani adadi da darajar da ƙari daga abin da yake a kan gungumen azaba.

Litotes (a translation - "sauki") - hyperbole m - wuce kima rashin faɗi abin da aka faruwa (Tom Thumb, wani baƙauye da farce).

Sarcasm, irony da mutumci

Ya ci gaba da bayyana m hanyoyin da wallafe-wallafe. Mun gaba da mu jerin sarcasm, irony da kuma mutumci.

• Sarcasm aka fassara daga Girkanci kalmar "tsanya da nama." Shi ne m, m sneer snide nuna ra'ayi. Idan ka yi amfani da sarcasm Halicci comic sakamako, amma a lokaci guda akwai fili mai akida da kuma tunanin kimantawa.
• A irony da aka fassara a matsayin "mai Sham", "izgili". Yana faruwa a lokacin da kalmomi ce abu daya da kuma nufi wani abu quite daban-daban, da m.
• Humor - daya daga cikin lexical hanyar magana, yana nufin "yanayi", "halin". A comic, da kamã da jũna key iya rubuta wani lokacin duk ayyukan a cikinsa akwai wani harshe-a-natured dangane da wani abu. Alal misali, labarin "Hawainiya" A. P. Chehova, da kuma da yawa tãtsũniyõyin I. A. Krylova.

Siffofin m dabaru a cikin adabi ba ƙare a can. Gabatar da hankali da wadannan.

grotesque

A mafi muhimmanci m dabaru a cikin adabi hada da grotesque. The kalmar "grotesque" na nufin "m", "m". Wannan m dabara ya ƙunshi wani take hakkin da rabbai na mamaki, abubuwa, events, Zagayawar a cikin aikin. An yadu amfani a cikin art, misali, Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Golovlevs", "History of wani Town", a hikaya). Wannan m dabara dangane da wani ƙari. Duk da haka, har ta fiye da haka na hyperbole.

Sarcasm, irony, mutumci da kuma grotesque - m m hanyoyin da wallafe-wallafe. Misalai na farko uku - labaru A. P. Chehova kuma N. N. Gogolya. J. grotesque kerawa. Swift (misali, "Gulliver ta tafiyarka").

Mene ne wani m dabara amfani da marubucin (Saltykov-Shchedrin) don ƙirƙirar wani labari "Golovlevs" image na Yahuza ba? Hakika, da grotesque. Irony da sarcasm ne ba a cikin Littafin waqoqi na Mayakovsky. Humor cika samfurin Zoschenko, Shukshina, Prutkov. Wadannan m dabaru a cikin adabi, misalai daga abin da muka yi kawai aka nakalto, kamar yadda za ka iya gani, shi ne sau da yawa sosai amfani da Rasha marubuta.

pun

Pun - adadi na magana, wanda shi ne m, ko involuntary shubuhohi tasowa lokacin da amfani da, a cikin mahallin na biyu ko fiye da ma'ana ko kama da su sauti. Its jinsunan - paronomasia, ƙarya etymologization, zeugma da kuma jaddadawa.

A puns pun dangane homonyms da shubuhohi. Daga cikin wadannan, akwai barkwanci. Wadannan m dabaru a cikin adabi za a iya samu a cikin ayyukansu na Vladimir Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozmy Prutkova, A. P. Chehova.

A adadi na jawabin - abin da yake da shi?

The kalmar "adadi" daga Latin yana nufin "bayyanar, siffar, image '. Wannan kalma na da yawa ma'ana. Abin nufin da lokaci kamar yadda amfani da ma'adanin na magana? Syntactic hanyar magana, Magana game da Figures: rhetorical exclamations, tambayoyi, magani.

Mene ne wani "sawu"?

"Me kuke kira wani m dabara da amfani da kalmar a zaurance?" - Ka tambayi. Kalmar "en" ake hada daban-daban dabaru: da epithet, misãli, metonymy, simile, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbole, personification, da sauransu. A fassarar da kalmar "sawu" na nufin "juya." Daga talakawa magana art bambanta a cewa shi yana amfani da wani musamman lokacinta cewa ƙawata shi, sa shi mafi ma'ana. hanyoyi daban-daban na magana amfani da dama styles. A mafi muhimmanci a cikin manufar "ma'ana" magana ga wani art - ikon rubutu, wani aiki na gwaninta don samar da ado da kuma wani tunanin da tasiri a kan mai karatu, don ƙirƙirar poetic images da m images.

Mun duk rayuwa a duniya da na sauti. Wasu daga cikin su sa mu tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu, yayin da wasu damuwa, gangami, gangami, ko cusa kwantar da hankula barci. Daban-daban sauti nuna daban-daban images. Ta wajen mai hade da za a iya haushi shafi mutane. Reading da ayyukan art na Rasha adabi da almara, mun gane su sauti musamman m.

Ainihin dabaru na samar da wani sauti magana

• Alliteration - maimaita irin wannan ko m baƙaƙe.
• Assonance - m maimaitawa da wasali jituwa.

Sau da yawa, alliteration da assonance amfani a cikin ayyuka a wannan lokaci. Wadannan dabaru ake yi nufin cusa daban-daban da ƙungiyoyi a cikin karatu.

Kudin shiga zvukopisi a almarar

Zvukopis - shi ne wani m dabara ne da amfani da wasu sauti a wani takamaiman domin ya haifar da wani image, cewa shi ne, da zabi kalmomi cewa mimic real-duniya sauti. Yarda da wannan, a cikin adabi amfani a duka biyu shayari kuma litattafan.

Zvukopisi iri:

1. Assonance - fassara daga Faransanci na nufin "jituwa". Assonance ne mai maimaitawa m, ko irin wannan wasali sauti a cikin rubutu don ƙirƙirar wani Ft Irfan image. Yana inganta cikin magana da magana, shi ne amfani da kasida a launi, rhyme waqe.
2. Alliteration - daga Girkanci kalmar "harafi". Wannan dabara ne maimaitawa baƙaƙe a cikin art rubutu don ƙirƙirar wani sauti image, domin su sa shi mafi ma'ana poetic.
3. Onomatopoeia - canja wuri na musamman kalmomi, sauti reminiscent na mamaki na duniya, auditory kwaikwayo.

Wadannan m dabaru a cikin ayoyi ne sosai na kowa, ba tare da poetic magana ba zai zama haka melodious.