Ma'anar asirin fatalwar fatalwa

Lokacin da dare ya zo, babu wani abu da ya fi kyau fiye da tsoratar da tsohuwar labarin fatalwa. Babu wanda ya ji dadin wannan fiye da MR James, wanda ya rubuta labaran labaru masu yawa game da batutuwa a duniya musamman don karantawa ranar daren Kirsimeti.

Ayyukan maza

Duk da haka, labaran tarihin James ya yardar da ya karfafa wani bangare na wannan sashin - cewa gaba ɗaya shine ga maza. James, mai ba da cikakken digiri ne, ya kasance shugaban makarantar kolejin Cambridge, inda ya yi tsayayya da amincewa da tallafawa ɗalibai mata a cikin wannan ma'aikata. A sakamakon haka, sai ya tafi Eton, babban kwaleji na farko. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa mata ba sa bayyana a cikin labarunsa. Idan yazo da allahntaka, nan da nan ku tuna da Howard Phillips Lovecraft, Oliver Onions, Sheridan Le Fanu da sauran - duk maza. A cikin 'yan watanni, an buga littattafan littattafai, marubutan sune mata ne kawai. Novella Gillian Flynn "Adults" ya gaya wa wani zane-zane, wani matashi mai wuya da gidan da, a fili, ruhun ruhu yana rayuwa. Lokacin da ka karanta wannan aikin, ka sami jin cewa wani ya jefa kankara a jikin ka. Littafin farko na Lorna Gibb "The History of the Ghost" ya bayyana a cikin wani nishaɗi da ya zama rayuwar likitan Victorian a cikin bautar allahntaka, kuma littafin nan "Raw Blood", wanda Catriona Ward ya rubuta, ya gaya wa labarin Gothic game da iyali da aka yanke wa hukunci.

Mace yana aiki

A cikin littafin Kate Moss "'yar wani yar jarida," labarin fatalwowi yana hade da tarihin tarihi. Louise Welsh da Audrey Niffenegger, wadanda suka rubuta ayyukansu na "otherworldly", suka zama masu gyara na anthologies "Ghost: 100 labaran da za a karanta tare da haske" da kuma "Ghost: A tarin ruhohin ruhohi" wanda aka rubuta mawallafin mata. To, Susan Hill, wanda ya dade da kansa a cikin wannan nau'in a matsayin littafin "Woman in Black," ya wallafa tarin labarun, wadda ta tabbatar da cewa ita ce Sarauniyar ghouls da ghouls.

Na farko juyin juya hali

Amma yana da ban sha'awa a wannan yanayin cewa duniya ba ta ga sabon abu ba. Bisa ga wasu nazari na kimiyya, a karni na 19, a cikin kullun da ake yadawa ta maza, mata sun halicci kusan kashi saba'in na labarun fatalwa da aka buga a mujallu na Amurka da Birtaniya. Rubutun mafi yawan marubuta (Amelia Edwards, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Charlotte Riddell, Mary Louise Molesworth) sun dade tun daga baya, yayin da wasu (Edith Wharton, Edith Nesbit) suna tunawa da mutane ta hanyar sauran ayyukansu.

Misali Mafi Girma

A cikin labarun James da kamfanin, mafi yawan lokuta namiji ya nuna cewa tunaninsa na tunani da kimiyya sun kalubalanci da wani abu mai allahntaka. A cikin ayyukan da mata suka rubuta, lokacin da aka ji motsin motsa jiki a cikin dare, to lallai marubuci ne wanda ke doke kansa game da ma'anar da ta kasance a cikin al'umma. A karo na farko a cikin shekarun nan bakwai, masu sukar sun fara fahimtar yadda batun jima'i ya fara shafar labarun fatalwowi, gano ma'anar ban mamaki a cikin labarun da mata suka rubuta. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan misali - littafin "Fuskar launin furanni", wanda Charlotte Perkins Gilman ya rubuta, inda mai labarun da ba a san shi ba yana shan wuya daga rashin tausayi, wanda sakamakonsa ya danganta ga gado a ƙarƙashin kulawar mijinta, likita, kuma saboda wannan ya fara rasa tunaninsa. An gano Gilman kansa da "neurasthenia" lokacin da ta kasance dan shekaru ashirin da haihuwa. Dokta S. V. Mitchell ta kula da shi, wanda magani ya kasance barci ga wata mace na tsawon watanni. Ya bar ta kawai abinci mai wuya da rashin abinci kuma ya ƙi duk wani tunanin mutum, aiki na jiki da zamantakewa. Ƙwararriyar ƙira, irin su rubuce-rubuce ko zanewa, an haramta su sosai. Kamar yadda Gilman ya ce, "magungunan" kusan kusan kullunta.