Mafi na kowa image-tsaren da kuma iri-tsaren

Kowane daga cikinmu, ko ta wani hanya, da fuskantar da hotuna. Bari mu dubi wannan tambaya na da fahimtar wannan lokaci ne da ɗan fadi. Bayan duk image tsaren hada da ba wai kawai da graphics (images, photos, animation, majigin yara, da dai sauransu), amma kuma video. Dabam zauna a kan fayil hira al'amurran da suka shafi, kazalika da ajiya na wani irin bayani.

Mene ne image tsaren?

Wannan bayanai da aka adana a fayil, wanda aka tsara domin data gani (nuna shi a kan sake kunnawa na'urar kamar na mai saka idanu, TV, printer, ta hannu da na'urorin, da dai sauransu).

Amma ga mafi bayanai a cikin fayil, domin mafi yawan bangare da shi ya bayyana Dabarar hanya, da hanyar samar da wani yanki na canzawa ko tsauri image, ta size (ba za a rikita batun tare da girman da fayil), da lambar kuma zurfin launuka da kuma tabarau, da sauransu.

A ra'ayi na vector da raster graphics

Da farko, la'akari da abin da image Formats ake amfani na musamman a cikin misali fahimtar graphics. Ya kamata ya zama da bambanci a fili tsakanin vector da bitmap graphics. Wadannan nau'o'i guda biyu ne tushe.

Vector graphics damar domin na gani na abu dangane da ilmin lissafi bayanin irin sa na tara abubuwa da cewa yin up image, wanda ake kira primitives. Wadannan su ne sauki Concepts saba wa duk har yanzu a makaranta. Wannan maki, Lines, masu lankwasa, da'irori, polygons, da dai sauransu

A amfani da wannan dabarar ne ikon bayyana a cikin wani ilmin lissafi model na wani siddan manyan yawan mutum abubuwa ba tare da muhimmanci kara girman da karshe fayil. Bugu da kari, akwai wata sosai pronounced scalability cewa ba ka damar canza size kowane mutum kashi ko wani cikakken sa ba tare da asarar quality na image. Irin wannan siffatawa algorithm dace da yafi ga graphics halitta da hannu, misali, a cikin wasu graphics edita. Domin hotuna da wannan hanya shi ne ba m.

Raster graphics shafi yin amfani da wani musamman Grid kunshi rectangular abubuwa (pixels) na launi daban-daban, da ake kira pixels. A nan, da image quality ne m da raga size (mafi pixels a tsawon da nisa, ko su duka yi, da mafi alheri da image), da lambar da launuka da su zurfi, da aiyuka launi gamut (launi sarari) da kuma wani ƙuduri (yawan pixels da naúrar yankin). Saboda haka, wannan hanya za a iya rike abubuwa na wani mawuyaci da tambaya guda m miƙa mulki daga wanda launi zuwa wani, cewa ba yanzu a vector jadawali. Amma duk da haka sauki image sau da yawa da manya-manyan file size da kuma yiwuwar daidai hawa an rage zuwa kusan sifili.

The fi na kowa iri na mai hoto images

Yanzu dubi kanka fayil Formats na images cewa an yi amfani da fasahar kwamfuta mafi sau da yawa.

BMP - sauki bambance-bambancen, dangane da RGB launi makirci (ja, kore, shudi) da kuma ciwon fairly rauni matsawa algorithm ba tare da asarar a quality. Amfanin ya ke ba, har ma da fayiloli ne manya-manyan.

JPG (JPEG) - ya fi na kowa format amfani da mafi sau da yawa zuwa kantin sayar da hotuna. Matsawa yana da muhimmanci, amma ingancin hasãra ne manya-manyan. Bayan wani karfi ƙanƙancewa mayar da asali data ba zai iya zama, amma idan ka rage girma da shi, da bambance-bambance ne da wuya m, amma file size zai zama da yawa karami.

PNG - daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa Formats, wanda za a iya matsa ba tare da wani asarar quality. Animation ba ya goyon bayan wannan format (kamar baya biyu), amma a lokacin da yin amfani da abin da ake kira Alpha tashar zuwa kowane pixel, za ka iya saka da matakin na nuna gaskiya, abin da ya sa shi a bit kama da wadannan irin graphics.

GIF - format cewa tana goyon bayan tashin hankali da karfi da matsawa lissafi mai tsauri ba tare da asarar quality. Its main amfani shi ne, za ka iya ƙirƙiri jerin hotunan da cyclical maimaitawa ko canji na juna. Duk da rauni zurfin launi, yafi amfani ga "live" wallpaper, rai smileys da Avatars.

TIFF - mai format da aka fi amfani da sana'a yanar gizo zanen kaya saboda da cewa shi yana da babban launi zurfin (192 ragowa). Matsawa da aka yi ba tare da wata asara, amma yin aiki tare da wannan format ba tare da horo na musamman ne da wuya sosai. Bincike hotuna na irin wannan kusan ba su goyi bayan.

ICO - format for icon halittar saboda shi damar yin amfani da sosai kananan girma zane. A cikin sharuddan tsarin, da shi da ɗan reminiscent na BMP, duk da haka, da goyan bayan GIF, kuma PNG irin nuna gaskiya zabin.

EPS - format a biyu iri: vector da raster graphics. Yafi amfani a wallafe-wallafe, ko halittar fonts idan m shafi yin amfani da image fitarwa na'urorin PostScript.

PICT - Macintosh ne ya fi kowa girma. Its versatility ta'allaka ne da cewa wani guda image fayil iya ƙunsar vector da bitmap graphics, sauti, da wani launi zurfin, kuma ma yana amfani da wani m Hanyar RLE-matsawa.

PCX - format don adana raster images tare da wani launi zurfin 24 ragowa. Matsawa ne sosai azumi, amma ba dace da canji na cikakken graphics, kamar hotunan.

Raw - duniya format amfani for images zuwa kai tsaye daga dijital kyamarori. Game da shi za mu iya cewa wannan shi ne mafi kyau hoto format. Yana iya zama a matsayin albarkatun kasa a cikin aiki da ba kawai images amma kuma da sauti. Bugu da ƙari, tallafawa meta-data shi na samar da babban m ga aikace-aikace da aiki da kuma matsawa Algorithms lossless ko lossy wani matakin. Format quite musamman da kuma bukatar wasu ilimi a lõkacin da aiki tare da shi.

Formats na musamman graphics fayil edita

Bayan da misali iri za a iya bambanta dabam graphics tsaren amfani da musamman Editocin.

PDF - mai format da cewa zai iya ƙunsar rubutu da kuma hoto data. Tsara kamfani Adobe. Wannan format shafi yin amfani da daban-daban matsawa dabaru domin kowane kashi dauke a cikin manufa fayil. Yau, shi ne a duniya yafi na fasaha takardun a lantarki da form.

CDR - vector format hoto edita Corel Draw. Aiwatar da shi ne zai yiwu ne kawai a cikin wannan software kunshin. Sauran Editocin basu da goyan, amma an sauƙi fitar dashi zuwa wasu tsare-tsare.

AI - format na shirin Adobe mai zane, da goyan bayan mafi sauran gyara. Babban alama - da mafi image kwanciyar hankali da kuma cikakken karfinsu da PostScript fasaha. Ana iya amfani da a matsayin tsaka-tsaki format for canja daga daya zuwa wani.

PSD - mafi kyau image format software kunshin Adobe Photoshop domin gyara hadaddun matsakaici images. Bayar amfani yadudduka da kuma hadawa halaye, amma yana da mafi girma ƙuduri idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsare-tsaren. Kamar yadda karshe format domin ceton fayiloli da aka yi amfani da musamman a cikin shirin.

ya fi girma format

Idan muka magana game da aiki na manyan-format images, inda kana so ka yi la'akari da babban daki-daki, ya kamata ka yi amfani da albarkatun, TIFF ko PSD.

Duk da haka, da yawa masu sana'a photo da bidiyo kyamarori, da ciwon iri-iri na 20-25 M, suna da nasu nagartacce. Mafi yawansu suna saba da ya fi na kowa iri-tsaren. Duk abin dogara a kan saituna na kyamara kanta. Haka ya shafi hannu da na'urorin.

The main iri video da kuma rayarwa

Yanzu a takaice a cikin video, saboda shi ma, zai iya a wasu ji a fassara a matsayin hoto, ko kuma wajen da wani sa na alternating images (Frames). A nan, da kayyade factor ne yawan Frames da biyu (FPS) da kuma image size a pixels.

Da farko, a fitowar alfijir na dijital video, shi ne wata sanannun AVI format, wanda aka yi amfani, kuma ya zuwa yanzu, saboda yana da wani irin akwati na bayanai sarrafa ko matsa gaba daya hanyoyi daban-daban (codecs). Don wasa na bukatar musamman decoder.

A kadan daga baya suna da irin sanannun tsaren, kamar WMV, MPG, MKV, MP4, VOB, TS, da kuma waɗansu da yawa, da karshen za a iya daukan kamar yadda wani high-ƙuduri images of TV Formats, wanda damar yi wasa fayiloli tare da HD ingancin nagartacce, Full HD (2k) ko matsananci HD (4k).

Amma ga tashin hankali, yanzu ya fi shahara ne Flash fasaha. Da farko, shi ne ci gaban da Macromedia, Inc. amma sai aka sayo ta Adobe da muhimmanci kyautata. The format na wadannan fayiloli - SWF. Ana amfani da yafi domin samar da kananan rayarwa, kwamfuta rayarwa, Banners ko unpretentious wasanni.

mobile tsarin

Idan muka magana game mobile tsarin (wayoyin salula na zamani da Allunan bisa Android, iOS, Blackberry, da dai sauransu), da musamman image tsaren ne musamman rare. M, misali image tsaren da kwamfuta graphics, da kuma video. Duk da haka, ba sa na codecs da decoders wasu daban na bidiyo ba za a iya taka leda. Saboda haka wajibi ne don magance matsalar tana mayar da albarkatun kasa a cikin wani daban-daban irin.

Alal misali, al'ada tarho kawai yarda 3GP format. Android, ko kuma iOS bayar da shawarar yin amfani da MP4. Amma a matsayin dukan rasa zabin.

Canza asali sigogi na images

Kila duk da sanin cewa tace dole ne a yi da musamman shirye-shirye.

Basic ayyukan for resizing, tunani, juya, skew, da sauransu za a iya yi ko da a cikin mafi m Fenti edita, wanda hada da wani "OSes» Windows.

Idan, duk da haka, na bukatar karin hadaddun matakai, misali, canja launi, jikewa, bambanci, tace, yadudduka, tsattsage image a cikin raba gyara, da sauransu, kana da yin amfani da wata sana'a kunshin kamar na sama kamar yadda Corel Draw ko Adobe Photoshop.

Video tace yana da amfani, misali, Vegas Pro. Bugu da kari ga misali fasali, da suka iya amfani musamman effects, da kuma kwaikwaiyo tsarin da damar canja wuri zuwa wani pre-gina ilmin lissafi model na wani real image na da irin ana yin fim yaƙi Morpheus da Neo a cikin kashi na farko na "The Matrix."

format Chanza

Sake Kama (hira) an sanya ta wajen kayayyakin aiki, da ake kira converters. Daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar wakilan - Xilisoft Video Converter, wanda zai iya maida da graphics, da kuma video.

Domin graphics za a iya zabar, misali, ACDSee Ashampoo Photo Kwamandan, Free Image Convert Kuma mayar da girmansa, ko wani abu dabam. Yau, irin shirye-shiryen za a iya samu sosai.

Abinda ya kamata ka kula da shi ne na karshe format da yiwu asarar quality (image matsawa format). Lokacin duban hoton ko bidiyo a wayarka ko kwamfutar hannu, shi ba zai zama haka m, amma a kan TV panel za a sosai m bambanci.

Abin da format fi son adana bayanai?

Photo a kwamfuta za a iya adana a cikin duniya JPG-format. Lokacin da ka duba su a kan wani mai saka idanu musamman tsabta da ake bukata. Wani abu, idan kana so ka buga hotuna. Ga shi ne mafi alhẽri amfani da asali format kyamarori.

Lokacin da fassara daya format zuwa wani mayar da "source code" shi ne wani lokacin kawai zai yiwu ba, don haka samar da fayiloli zuwa studio, su ingàntā kamata ba a canza. Banda shi ne idan kana da zama dole ilmi da kuma samar da gyara kanka amfani da sana'a software.

Wannan ke video. A duk ya dogara kan yadda za a kyan gani, a kan wani na'urar.

ƙarshe

Image Formats ne da yawa da bambance bambancen, shi zai iya zama graphics, da kuma video. A labarin sake nazari cikin rare Formats. Tambayoyi don su aiki da kuma canji, zabi na software, da format amfani don adana bayanai, da dai sauransu, kowane mai amfani da yanke shawarar da kanta.