Mahara allelism - wani takamaiman yanayin genes

Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin zamani magani ba tare da irin wannan mai sauki Hanyar magani ne jini. A alfijir da wannan Hanyar likitoci kawai pumped ruwa daga daya haƙuri zuwa wani, ba tare da la'akari da sakamakon. M lura da haƙuri da yanayin kai ga ƙarasawa da cewa shi ne, ba wani jini dace da transfussion. Shi ne mai share fage ga gano jini kungiyoyin.

definition

Mahara allelism - shi ne kasancewar fiye da biyu bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan gene. Yana abubuwa a matsayin hanyar zabin halitta ', cewa an, ya hana a Fusion na jima'i Kwayoyin kwayoyin wanda zai iya ba da wani mai yiwuwa zuriyarsa.

Wannan bayyana sterility na wasu shuke-shuke da dabbobi, kazalika da rashin yiwuwar bayyanar "yara" a daban-daban jinsin dabbobi. A iri-iri na cututtuka da ake kira "mahara allelism". Misalai na wannan jiha: daban-daban ido launi da kuma gashi launi, siffar daga cikin kunnuwa ko hanci. Amma wannan factor tsoma da gaskiyar abin da zai zama jini kungiyar a cikin mutane.

Mahara allelism yana da wasu alamu:

- wani gene iya samun fiye da biyu alleles.

- wani bambanci gene na iya tashi biyu saboda da gaba ko baya maye gurbi na wani allele, kuma saboda canje-canje a cikin "daji" gene.

- a cikin jiki tare da wani diploid chromosome kafa biyu daban-daban alleles iya zama lokaci guda.

- alleles ne rinjaye-recessive dangantaka tsakanin su.

- gādon alleles batun dokokin Gregor Mendel.

Gādon jini kungiyoyin

Mahara allelism - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manifestations na canzawa daga cikin kwayoyin abu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Daya misali na irin wannan canzawa iya kira gado jini da AB0 tsarin.

Wannan tsarin yana da wasu halaye:

- akwai uku alleles na gene na - shi ne na A, B, kuma 0.

- aiki gene aka located a kan chromosome tara.

- A kuma B alleles ne rinjaye a kan 0 amma su ne daidai da juna.

- bisa ga dokokin na Mendelian rinjaye genes nuna hali a matsayin Homo - ko heterozygous kwayoyin, da kuma kawai a cikin homozygous recessive ga wani ba asali ba.

Daban-daban haduwa da alleles samar hudu jini kungiyoyin: 0, A, B, da kuma AB. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a tsakãninsu antigens (agglutinogens) ya gabatar a farfajiya na ja jini Kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin, da ruwa rabo daga jini kullum zagawa da agglutinins. Wannan takamaiman antibodies, wanda ba daidai da agglutinogens.

The sabon abu na mahara allelism samar da wani iri-iri na phenotypic bayyananen wannan hali a cikin mutane. Jini ne mai kyau misali na dauki na kullum, tun da shi ba ya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani irin kasance dalilai cikin rayuwa.

antigenic tsarin

Mahara allelism - a gene maye gurbi cewa nace a cikin yawan. Daya daga cikin sunadaran, wanda aka rufe da maye gurbi ne RH factor. Wannan gina jiki da aka gada a wani rinjaye irin. Lokacin da jini ko ciki, RH incompatibility iya faruwa. A wannan yanayin, da jini ya fara gudan jini da kuma bunkasa DIC.

masu juna biyu jini da kuma fetal chorionic villi wuce ta wurin, kuma ba a gauraye. Idan, yayin lokacin farko ciki, RH-korau uwãyensu ci gaba RH-tabbatacce baby, da haihuwa aiwatar da ja jini Kwayoyin bayyana da antigens iya samu shiga cikin mace ta jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin da kuma haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen da jinkiri irin. Wato, da antibodies zai tara a cikin jiki, amma bai nuna up to maimaita ciki. Idan na biyu yaro ne ma RH tabbatacce, akwai wani rikici tsakanin antibodies da antigens. Wannan zai iya yiwuwa ya kai ga mutuwa da tayin.

gene interactions

Mahara allelism - na bayyana daya da kuma guda gene a daban-daban physiological bambance-bambancen karatu. Akwai ba kawai agglutinogens A, B da 0. Masana kimiyya sun ware fiye da ɗari biyu agglutinogens hade cikin ashirin kungiyoyin. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa bambancinsa da jini kungiyoyin a kowane guda mutum a duniya.

Bambanci tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi na AB0 tsarin ne cewa jini ne ba domin su agglutinins. A mafi muhimmanci ne agglutinogens RH, MN, S, P, A, Levis, Duppi, Kell, kidd, da sauransu. A cikin jini, daban-daban haduwa da wadannan antigens.

Abin farin, tare da guda jini bai sa hankali ga la'akari da duk wadannan sunadarai na gina jiki, tun ba su sa muhimmanci kowa yana da rashin lafiyan dauki. Duk da haka, an ba da shawarar for m amfani jini daga cikin wannan bayarwa.

Jini kungiyar antigens AB0 tsarin

Kamar yadda muka riga sani, a cikin genotype na wani mutum ne ko da yaushe wani sabon abu na mahara allelism. jini kungiyar antigens an gabatar da A da B, wanda bayyanar shi ne saboda da gaban gene I. Suka kunshi da furotin da kuma carbohydrates. The bayani dalla-dalla na kowane antigen ne m da sugar sarkar m gutsure.

Domin samuwar antigen A da B da ake bukata H-abu don kasancewar wani gene alhakin N. Wannan tsari ne ba antigen, tun akwai dukan mutane a kan erythrocyte membranes. A mutane da farko jini kungiyar da kawai H-abu, amma babu antigens A da B.