AB0 tsarin da gādon jini kungiyoyin a cikin mutane

Wannan shi ne wakiltar jini kungiyar, ya kamata ka sani!

Antigens jini tsarin

A antigenic tsarin da jikin mutum shi ne musamman hadaddun. Kawai jini kimiyyar zamani ya gano a game da ɗari biyar antigens, suna tattare a cikin 40 antigenic tsarin: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis et al.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan tsarin antigens aka genetically gaji da shigar wanda ke aiki allelic genes. Domin sauki, sun kasu kashi jini da kuma salon salula. Domin Hematology da jini mafi muhimmanci shi ne cell antigens (erythromycin, platelet da leukocyte), saboda suna da immunogenicity (ikon sa wani rigakafi amsa), sabili da haka m da transfussion na jini cell antigens na hadarin hematogenous buga ko DIC tare da m. Jini antigens kunshi biyu main sassa: wani antigenic determinant, tabbatas da immunogenicity na hapten, da kuma "weighting" antigen da fassara serological aiki.

A kashi na farko ne sosai musamman ga kowane antigen, sabili da haka bambanta su daga juna. Saboda haka, tsarin bambanta 0 AB0 antigen fucose antigen A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin kuma antigen B - galactose. Wadannan determinants suna a haɗe, kuma antibodies a cikin ci gaban da rigakafi da martani. Wadannan antigens an dauki la'akari lokacin jini, kazalika a lokacin da kirgawa da yiwu gādon jini kungiyoyin.

AB0 tsarin da ta gādo

kuma agglutinogens (erythrocyte mannewa dalilai - A kuma B) - A tukuna 1901 godu abubuwa m agglutinate erythrocytes da juna, wanda ake kira agglutinins (α da β agglutination jini dalilai) da aka samu a jinin mutum. A cewar wannan tsarin, masana kimiyya J. Jansky da Karl Landsteiner raba dukkan mutane cikin 4 kungiyoyin, suna kuma lasafta kuma gādon jini kungiyoyin a cikin mutane. Saboda haka, ina na jini kungiyar ne mutane suka ba su da jini agglutinogen, amma jini ya ƙunshi biyu agglutinin. Su jini da aka denoted αβ ko 0. Mutane da II jini kungiyar sun A agglutinogen agglutinin da β (Aβ ko A0), mutane tare da kungiyar III, a maimakon haka, sun agglutinogen agglutinin B da kuma α (Bα ko B0), kuma IV grupa jini ne halin da ciwon biyu erythrocytes agglutinogens A da B (AB), a cikinsa agglutinins fakowa ba. Suna ayyana ta sauki awon Hanyar yin amfani da musamman misali Sera. Tun da agglutinogen ne rinjaye, gādonsa na daya daga cikin antigens, Ina nufin, gādon jini gudana daidai. A rukuni na nan gaba baby ta jini iya ko da yaushe za a zaci tare da wani yiwuwa na 100, 50 ko 25% a daban-daban haduwa da jini kungiyoyin na iyaye. Haka, sanin su antigens gado jini rukuni na yara za a iya gani a cikin wadannan tebur.

Babu kasa da muhimmanci a san da irin da kuma RH factor, domin shi ne ma muhimmanci ga karfinsu na jini kungiyoyin a transfussion. Saboda haka, RH-tabbatacce jini (RH +) ne mai yiwuwa a transfuse a haƙuri da RH-korau (Rh-) jini ne kawai sau daya ga rayuwa da kuma a cikin matsanancin, tun da farko transfussion za su ci gaba RH antibodies, wanda aka kunna a wata na biyu transfussion (da mai karɓa a hadarin mutuwa da jini buga). Haka ya shafi da kuma rhesus rikici da ganewa da tayin da RH-tabbatacce jini daga RH + Rh- uwa da uba, don haka yana da muhimmanci yin lissafi gādonsa na jini kungiyar na yaro.