Manufa na aiki ABS. Antilock Braking System ABS. Mene ne ABS a mota?

Abin da shi ne ABS (Antilock birki System), ko kuma wajen, da yadda ya kamata deciphered da acronym, yanzu da aka sani ga dama direbobi ba, amma cewa shi ne shi tubalan, kuma me ya sa wannan yake aikata, kawai sani sosai m. Kuma wannan duk da cewa da irin wannan tsarin ne yanzu shigar a kan mafi motocin biyu shigo da domestically samar.

ABS aka kai tsaye alaka da braking tsarin na mota, Saboda haka, da aminci daga cikin direba, da fasinjoji, kuma duk da kewaye hanya. Saboda haka, ya san yadda yake aiki, shi zai zama da amfani ga kowane direba. Amma da farko, su fahimci aiki na ABS, kana bukatar ka fahimci abin da ake nufi da "daidai braking."

Ka'idar "dace braking"

Don dakatar da mota, bai isa ya dace latsa birki feda. Bayan duk, idan lokacin wani m drive to birki sharply, ƙafafun na na'ura ana katange da zai daina mirgine da kuma zamewar a kan hanya. Yana iya faruwa da cewa a karkashin duk tayoyin surface ba zai zama guda uniform, don haka suka glide gudun zai zama daban-daban, da kuma wannan shi ne m. The inji zai daina iya sarrafawa da kuma za su shiga cikin wata skid, wanda, a cikin rashi na basira da direba, shi zai zama da wuya a sarrafa. Kuma wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba mota - shi ne mai m tushen hadari.

Saboda haka babban abinda a braking - yana da ba m kulle ƙafafun da zuwa uncontrolled skid. Don yin wannan, akwai wani sauki zamba - intermittent braking. Don gudanar da shi daga, ba lallai ba ne a ci gaba da birki feda kullum tawayar, kuma lokaci-lokaci bari je ka kuma danna shi kuma (as idan girgiza). Wannan alama sauki mataki ba zai rasa iko da mota direba, domin shi ba ya ba da damar da matse na tayoyin su rasa gogayya.

Amma akwai kuma wani sananne adam factor - direba a gaggawa halin da ake ciki na iya kawai samun batattu kuma manta game da dukan dokokin. Nan domin irin haka ne, da kuma da aka kirkiro ta ABS, ko a wani hanya - anti-kulle braking tsarin.

Mene ne ABS (ABS)

A wani sauki bayani, ABS tsarin ne electromechanical naúrar cewa iko da abin hawa deceleration aiwatar a wuya hanya da yanayi (kankara, rigar hanya da sauransu. P.).

ABS - mai kyau mataimaki ga direba, musamman wani mafari, amma kana bukatar ka fahimci cewa shi ne kawai taimaka a manajan wani na'ura da kuma ba ya sarrafa shi, don haka dogara da "antiblock" ba lallai ba ne. Da direba bukatar ya bincika your mota, ta hali a kan hanya, lokacin da da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da birki da ABS, abin da braking nisa a kan daban-daban saman. Fi dacewa, wannan ya kamata a bari a kan wani kwazo kewaye don kauce wa kara damuwa a kan wannan hanya.

Wani abu irin wannan ba, amma ba ABS

A farko inji, da sakamako daga abin da yake kamar manufa na ABS, sun bayyana a farkon karni na karshe, amma sun ake nufi don jirgin sama saukowa kaya. A irin wannan, amma da na mota tsarin, an ci gaba da "Bosch", firtsi lamban kira wanda suka samu a shekarar 1936. Duk da haka, da na'urar gaske aiki da wannan fasaha zai iya yi kawai a cikin 60s, a lõkacin da farko semiconductors da kuma kwakwalwa. Kuma nasu don ƙirƙirar wani samfur na ABS, ban da "Bosch", ya nemi ko "General Motors", "General Electric", "Lincoln", "Hyundai" da sauransu.

A farko mota birki

• A {asar Amirka, wanda yake shi ne ABS, ko kuma wajen, ta kusa analogue, da masu koya "Lincoln" mota a shekarar 1970. A auto tsarin da aka shigar, wanda kamfanin "Ford" injiniyoyi suka fara samar a farkon shekarar 1954, kuma sun iya "kawo wa hankali" kawai zuwa 70 ga watan.
• A inji kama da ABS a Birtaniya ya ɓullo da wani General Electric tare da Dunlop. Kokarin da shi a kan wasanni mota Jenssen JJu, shi ya faru a shekarar 1966.
• A Turai, game da manufar "anti-kulle tsarin na mota," Heinz koya ta hanyar Liberia, wanda ya dauki sama da ci gaba a shekarar 1964, aiki a matsayin injiniya a Teldix GmbH, kuma gama a shekarar 1970, an riga an aiki a kan Diamler-Benz. Kafa su ABS-1 da aka gwada a kusa da hadin gwiwa da Bosch. Bosch, bi da bi, ya gina ta da cikakken ABS-2, wanda a shekarar 1978 na farko kafa a kan "Mercedes" da W116, a 'yan shekaru baya da BMW-7. Duk da haka, saboda da babban kudin wani sabon braking tsarin, an yi amfani ne kawai a matsayin wani zaɓi.

Cikakken serial samar da motoci tare da "antiblock" ya fara a shekara ta 1992. Shi ya fara kafa su kayayyakin wasu daga cikin manyan automakers. Kuma riga a 2004 wannan tsarin ya fara ba duk da motoci zuwa kashe na'ura Turai masana'antu.

Abubuwa na anti-kulle tsarin

Rubuce ABS zane dubi sauki da ya hada da wadannan abubuwa:

• wani lantarki kula naúrar.
• Kwamfuta; sarrafa gudun.
• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar.

A lura da naúrar (CU), a gaskiya, shine "kwakwalwa" da tsarin (kwamfuta), da kuma yadda shi ayyuka, wasu m, amma a kan gudun haska da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar bukatar magana more.

The aiki manufa na gudun haska

The aiki na gudun iko haska wani electromagnetic shigar da sakamako. Nada tare da wani Magnetic core aka fixedly saka wa dabaran cibiya (wasu model - mai drive aksali reducer).

A cibiya da aka saka wani zobe kaya juyawa tare da ƙafa. Juyawa na kambi canjãwa da sigogi na Magnetic filin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa faru na lantarki kona. The adadin halin yanzu, bi da bi, ya dogara a kan dabaran gudun. Kuma, dangane da darajar, a siginar da aka generated wanda aka ruwaito da iko naúrar.

na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar hada da:

• Solenoid bawuloli wanda ana raba su da mashiga ruwa da kanti aka tsara don daidaita matsin generated a cikin birki cylinders na abin hawa. Number of bawul da nau'i-nau'i dangane da irin birki.
• A famfo (tare da yiwuwar daga baya ciyar) - farashinsa ake so matsa lamba a cikin tsarin, ciyar da wani birki ruwa daga accumulator, da kuma zabi shi da baya a lokacin da ya cancanta.
• Accumulator - ajiya for birki ruwa.

ABS, aiki manufa

Akwai uku main bulan na ABS:

1. Matsa lamba taimako a cikin birki Silinda.
2. Constant matsa lamba a cikin Silinda.
3. Kara matsa lamba a cikin birki Silinda da ake so matakin.

Da farko, ya kamata a lura da cewa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar hadedde a cikin mota a cikin braking tsarin consistently, kawai a bayan babban birki Silinda. A solenoid bawuloli ne mai irin bawul, da bude da kuma rufe na ruwa damar yin amfani da dabaran birki cylinders.

Operation da kuma iko da abin hawa braking tsarin da aka gudanar, daidai da data samu daga iko naúrar ABS gudun masu auna sigina.

Bayan fara ABS braking karanta karatu daga cikin dabaran na'urori masu auna sigina, kuma da abin hawa gudun hankali rage-rage. Idan wasu daga cikin ƙafafun tsaya (saman nunin), gudun haska nan da nan ta aika wata sigina da ECU. Bayan samun shi, da iko naúrar activates shaye bawul wanda tubalan m damar yin amfani da dabaran birki Silinda da kuma famfo nan da nan ta fara faduwa selection, ya dawo zuwa accumulator, game da shi, cire kulle. Bayan juyawa daga cikin dabaran wuce qaddara gudun iyaka, "antiblock", rufe da kanti bude da kuma mashiga bawul, activates famfo, wanda gudanar a gaban shugabanci, tilasta matsa lamba a cikin birki Silinda, game da shi, braking da dabaran. All matakai suna da za'ayi nan da nan (4-10 reps / sec.), Kuma ci gaba har sai da inji tsaya a nan ba.

A bisa ka'ida ta aiki da ABS yana nufin mafi m - 4-tashar tsarin da yake raba iko da kowane dabaran wata mota, amma akwai sauran iri "antiblock".

Sauran iri ABS

Uku-tashar ABS - da irin wannan tsarin yana da uku gudun haska: biyu saka a kan gaba ƙafafun, da kuma na uku - a kan na baya aksali. Haka kuma, da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar qunshi uku nau'i-nau'i daga bawuloli. Ka'idar da ABS na irin wannan ne don raba iko da kowane daga cikin gaban ƙafafun da kuma raya biyu.

Dual birki - a cikin irin wannan tsarin ne guda biyu iko ƙafafun located a daya jirgin.

Single-tashar ABS - haska aka saka a kan raya aksali, kuma gudamawar braking karfi ga duk hudu ƙafafun lokaci guda. Irin wannan tsarin qunshi daya biyu daga bawuloli (ci da kuma shaye). matsa lamba ne guda canji a ko'ina cikin kewaye.

Gwama iri "antiblock", shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa bambancin dake tsakanin su ne adadin gudun iko da kuma na'urori masu auna sigina, bi da bi, bawuloli, amma a general, manufa na aiki da abin hawa birki, da tsari na tafiyar matakai abin da ke faruwa a shi, shi ne irin wannan for iri daban-daban na tsarin.

Ta yaya ABS ko manufa braking

Yanke Shawara ga dakatar da mota sanye take da ABS, da direba yanã raunanar da birki feda, ji kamar ta fara makarkata dan kadan (vibration iya a tare da halayyar sauti na "ratchet" reminiscent na sauti). Wannan irin rahoton tsarin da ta sanã'anta. Kwamfuta; karanta gudun yi. A lura da naúrar iko da matsa lamba a cikin birki cylinders, hana ƙafafun kulle up tam, da sauri "bursts" podtormazhivaya su. A sakamakon haka, da mota hankali slows saukar da ke skidding, kuma haka ya zauna hõrarriya. Ko da hanya ne m, da direba da irin wannan braking iya iko da shugabanci na motsi na na'ura zuwa cikakken tasha. Saboda haka, godiya ga ABS, shi dai itace cikakke, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - sarrafawa braking.

Hakika, da anti-kulle tsarin ƙwarai facilitates rai na direba, simplifying da kuma kara da ingancinsu na braking tsari. Duk da haka, shi yana da yawan shortcomings cewa bukatar ka sani kuma la'akari a yi.

disadvantages ABS

Babban hasara na ABS ne cewa ingancinta ya dogara da hanya yanayin.

Idan hanya surface ne m, Bumpy surface, da mota braking nesa zai zama fiye da saba. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa a lokacin braking dabaran lokaci zuwa lokaci hasarar gogayya (tsalle) da kuma daina kadi. Wannan tasha dabaran ABS Game matsayin kulle, da kuma tsaya a nan braking. Amma akan rage lamba tare da hanya kayyade birki aikace-aikace ba yayi dace da ganiya, da tsarin yana da da za a kerata sake, kuma wannan lokaci ne kuka da kansa, saboda wanda qara braking nesa. Rage wannan sakamako na iya zama, rage inji gudun.

Idan hanya shafi ne ba uniform, tare da alternating sassan, kamar snow maye gurbin kankara, kankara - kwalta, sa'an nan da kankara sake, da dai sauransu A irin wannan yanayi, fadowa a kan m rabo, ABS, kimantawa shafi adjusts karkashin shi braking aiwatar a lokacin miƙa mulki .. a kan kwalta "antiblock" sake da za a kerata, kamar yadda aka zaɓa braking karfi ga wani m surface a kan kwalta zama tasiri, shi qara tsawon na braking hanya.

Tare da sako-sako da ƙasa ABS ma ba "abokai", a wannan yanayin, al'ada braking tsarin aiki da mafi alhẽri a matsayin kulle dabaran karkashin braking buries a cikin ƙasa, forming a kan ta hanyar Uphill, da hana kara mana, kuma accelerates da mota da ta dakatar.

A low "antiblock" gudu kullum kashe. Saboda haka, lokacin da tuki a kan wani m hanya za downhill, kana bukatar da za a shirya domin wannan m lokacin, da kuma ci gaba da lafiya "birki na hannu", wanda za a iya amfani idan ya cancanta.

A ƙarshe, za mu lura cewa ABS ne shakka mai kyau Bugu da kari wani braking tsarin cewa ba ka damar kauce wa rasa iko da mota a karkashin braking. Duk da haka, wanda ya kamata ko da yaushe tuna cewa wannan tsarin ba Mai Iko Dukka, da kuma a wasu yanayi yana iya zama wani disservice.