"Guguwa" (roka). Antitank makami mai linzami tsarin

"Vortex" - makami mai linzami daga Rasha antitank makami mai linzami tsarin (ATRA) 9K121 "vortex" (NATO Nau'in - AT-16 Scallion), da ciwon Laser shiriya. Yana gudanar daga jiragen ruwa, kazalika da Ka-50 jirage masu saukar ungulu, Ka-52 da kuma Su-25. An farko da aka nuna a shekarar 1992, a wani iska show a Farnborough.

ci gaba Tarihi

Complex "guguwa" da aka ci gaba a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin analogue na ATRA American AGM-114 Jahĩm. Ya fara aiki a 1980, kuma aka gudanar da Tula zanen kaya na KBP karkashin shugabanci na AG Shipunova. A farko kofe aka tsĩrar da sojoji a shekarar 1985. Mene ne makomar da makami mai linzami da wani "guguwa"? Gwaje-gwaje hadaddun a jirage masu saukar ungulu B-80 da kuma Su-25T, gudanar a 1986, ya tabbatar da ta high dace. A nan gaba, da hadaddun underwent zamani, wanda ya ƙare a 1990. Duk da haka, saboda da siga kudi halin da ake ciki ga sojojin Rasha da aka saya kawai karamin yawan gama kayayyakin ga gwaji dalilai. Series samarwa ya fara a 2014, da kuma na farko da tsarin sa a Rasha soja a karshen shekarar 2015 zuwa ba da Ka-52 jirage masu saukar ungulu.

zažužžukan ATRA

Akwai iri biyu na wannan anti-hadaddun:

• 9K121 «guguwa" - wani wuri version, ci gaban da aka kammala cikakken a 1997. Yadda munition shi aka sanye take da wannan hadaddun "guguwa"? 9M127 makami mai linzami da kewayon har zuwa 8 km ɓangare na shi. Its garanti makamai ya 900 mm.
• 9K121 «Vikhr-M" - modified version na serial. Yana hada da wani makami mai linzami "vortex-1" (misali nadi - 9M127-1) da kewayon 10 km, sanye take da wani jummai cajin hudawa da makamai zuwa 1200 mm.

Muhimmai daga makamai masu linzami da bugawa ikon

Mene ne siffofin ATGM "guguwa"? Da makami mai linzami hadaddun tsara don halakar da m ƙasa hari, ciki har da makamai, sanye take da babban ko ƙarin m-amsawa makamai (Gaba). Kusan duk anti harsasai aiki a kan tushen da tarawa mataki, watau. E. By makamai sokin jet na zafi karfe. Fashewa-amsawa makamai za a iya karya kawai ta 'yan hits a cikin wannan wuri. Wannan ka'ida da aka aiwatar a jummai harsasai, kamar "vortex-1" roka, a cikin abin da akwai guda biyu tarawa cajin da aka jawo a sauri jere. Ba tare da jummai zargin samun a cikin wannan wuri a kan makamai ne kusan ba zai yiwu.

Abun da ke ciki ATGM "guguwa"

Roka "vortex-1" warhead ne antitank hadaddun "vortex-M", wanda kuma ya hada da wadannan aka gyara:

• shirin mai gabatarwa ga jirgin sama (jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen sama) rubuta AAP ko AAP-6-8.
• atomatik review tsarin da niyya da irin I-251 "Squall-M."

Atomatik sighting tsarin "squall-M" raya Krasnogorsky shuka "Zenith" da aka bayar tare da TV da IR (infrared) tashoshi saiti da Laser katako nassi don sarrafa makami mai linzami, mai Laser rangefinder, wani m naúrar manufa tracking, a dijital kwamfuta da tsarin roka karfafawa a jirgin cikin biyu jirage . I-251 tsarin samar da manufa ganewa da kuma katin shaida a rana da kuma dare bane, na atomatik tracking na hari da makami mai linzami shiriya a kan su, da kuma jimloli da m bayanai ga manyan bindigogi da kuma dakarun.

niyya fasahar

Idan tsarawa da manufa Pre-shiga a cikin jirgin dijital kwamfuta hadaddun (ODCC) helikofta (jirgin sama), a cikin wanda memory ya kamata a adana yanki taswirar jirgin, a lokacin da gabatowa da manufa a nesa na 12-15 km na tsarin ne ta atomatik switched "Squall-M." Idan manufa tsarawa an san kawai kamar, da tsarin boresight hadaddun "vortex-M" ya hada da matukin jirgi. Yana farawa Ana dubawa yankunan kan wani gidan talabijin (ko thermal Dabarar) tashar, nuna sakamakon a kan wani TV allo a taksi.

Bayan bayyanar da manufa a kan TV matukin jirgi ya shafi maximizing yanayin, gano da manufa da take kaiwa zuwa ta image tag reticle. A tsarin nan "Squall-M" da aka fassara da matukin jirgi a kan tracking na wani gano manufa. A wannan yanayin, matukin jirgin dole ne ci gaba da helikofta a cikin irin wannan matsayi da daraja zuwa ga manufa, saboda haka abin yake a cikin m kewayon ga tracking na'ura na azimuth kwana (up to ± 35 °) da kuma tadawa kwana (daga + 5 ° zuwa -80 °). Lokacin da ya kai gare shi da ya halatta fuska, ta atomatik fara up wani anti-makami mai linzami "guguwa". A daidai wannan manufa a lokaci guda ba za ka iya saka rabin minti daya ko biyu roka harbe-harben har zuwa 4 hari.

Da makami mai linzami "guguwa": Features

Da makami mai linzami da aka tsara don ya hallaka sulke ƙasa hari, ciki har da wadanda Fitted tare da babban ko ƙarin m-amsawa makamai a nesa na 8 km a cikin hali na wuta daga jirgi mai saukar ungulu da kuma 10 km daga jirgin sama a lokacin da rana (har zuwa 5 km dare), kazalika da kayar iska hari bayar VOP rufe wajen. Yana sanye take da biyu lamba kuma kusanci fis din. A karshen ka damar buga m hari a da tsarin kula da su a kan wani nesa na zuwa 5 m.

Jirgin gudun da makami mai linzami ne a supersonic, kai 610 m / s, don haka da cewa nesa na 4 km shi ya ci nasara a 9 da dakika. Kamar wancan PTUR hadaddun AGM-114K Jahĩm ga rufe wannan nesa na bukatar 15 kamar yadda yake tashi a wata subsonic gudun.

A wani kwana ganawa da wani cikas a cikin makami mai linzami 90 ° tabbas karya da rarrabuwa karfe makamai 1000 mm.

roka zane

Roka warhead aka kafa ta a jummai kewaye da spaced tare da tsawon. Front-end ne a siffa cajin, ga abin da akwai drive na hudu da nata irin iko saman da cewa za a iya ja daga maharibai a baya shugabanci dangi da roka gudun. Next ne na biyu a hade warhead da ciwon biyu tarawa da kuma high-m fragmentation rabo.

Domin warhead dauka makãmashin babban engine da kuma ainihin engine kanta ne m da biyu nozzles directed a wani kwana da axis na roka. A nan, a cikin wutsiya sashe na makami mai linzami, shi ne instrumental ganga kula da tsarin kayan aiki da kuma Laser mai karɓar svetolucha.

The raya gidaje part aka shirya nata irin empennage roka a hudu lankwasa kewaye iri na agogo (as kyan gani, daga makami mai linzami hanci) fuka-fuki pentagonal siffar, cewa kafin fara (a lokacin da ciki na kai da kuma jefa ganga (TPK)) dab da gidaje, sa'an nan saukar ta hanyar musamman sunadaran.

Availability na sarrafawa-reshe iko saman a gaban kuma a raya unmanaged damar hada da makami mai linzami da nata irin makirci na da irin "duck".

Aiki roka sunadaran yayin fara da jirgin

An hawa zuwa gilashin-fiber karfafa roba TPK, daga abin da farawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar propellant matsa lamba accumulator. Lokacin da ƙaddamar faruwa kananan ejection ƙona gas daga raya karshen TPK. Nan da nan bayan da barin kaddamar ganga zabi fuka-fuki da roka engine aka fara. Laser gani ne located a kan aft makami mai linzami, wanda o ƙarin tabbatar da zama a cikin Laser katako a lokacin da jirgin.

Shiriya na Laser katako a kan manufa ne mai garanti na high daidaituwa na harbi, wanda ba ya rage tare da kara manufa nesa. Ikon da Laser gani radiation ne don haka low cewa yana da wani tsari na girma kasa da dokin triggering da ikon ji da waje yi sigina tsarin na Laser sakawa a iska mai guba. Yana bayar da matuƙar voye makamai. Roka "vortex" iya motsi kananan-sized hallaka manufa aji "tank" tare da wani yiwuwar 80%.