Nereditsa Church. Church na Mai-Ceto a kan Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov yana da wani kyakkyawan zane kira, "Ya Ubangiji Novgorod Mai girma." Haikali, hoton a kan shi, wurinta, da gonakin da suke kusa suna kama Nereditsa Church. Ba abin mamaki ba, shi ne ma dake kusa Novgorod, da kuma yada a kamar a cikin hoto Volkhov fadamun.

Rurik - na farko Rasha shugabanninmu

A Rasha, da haikalin sun ko da yaushe aka gina a kan mafi girman tabo - kusa da Allah. A gundumar da mafi kwasfa - Nereditsa. A da shi, kuma a can ne a haikali na Transfiguration. Ya lazimta biyu matattu da 'ya'ya maza, Yaroslav. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa da laƙabi "Mai hikima" manta don ƙara "m." Ba su da isasshen yatsu don lissafa adadin yara a kowane daga cikin hukuncin a Rasha Rurik. Kuma dan Yuriya Dolgorukogo, Vsevolod, saboda da yawan matansu da 'ya'yansu aka lakabi da "Big gurbi". Sarakunansa ya mutu, kuma a lokacin rayuwarsu wa tafi in yi yaƙi da ɗan'uwansa, dan ga ubanku, uba zuwa ga ɗa. A farko Rasha tsarkaka - Boris da Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo 'yan'uwa da kuma Svyatopolk, wanda shine na aikin hukuma version ya kashe su, domin wanda ya karbi sunan barkwanci "Sunã la'anannu." An yi imani da su sun auku daga hannun Yaroslav. Duk da haka dai, Nereditsa Church ya jera duqufar zuwa gare su, kuma saboda Haikali musamman zanen kantin sayar da fuskantar da farko Rasha tsarkaka.

haikali Place

Haikalin da aka gina a kusa da wurin zama na Yaroslav, uku kilomita daga Novgorod. Ya sa masa Haikali a kusa da hasumiyai a kan ƙasa na da matabbatarsu. Yanzu wannan wuri ne da wani archaeological abin tunawa, da aka sani da "Rurik tudun," da kuma wani ɓangare na tarihi gãdon jerin mai taken "The Great Novgorod", kare da UNESCO. Sufi, ayi a kusa da wani kadan daga baya na Transfiguration Nereditsa, aka mai suna "Ceton a kan tudun ƙasa." A Novgorod a cikin tsawon zamanin mulkin Yaroslav gudanar da wani aiki coci gini. Ba kamar mai yawa St. Sophia Cathedral a cikin marigayi XII da kuma farkon karni XIII ne rayayye gina kananan size majami'u. The coci da aka located a kan bankunan na kogin Spasskaya. Past da coci dauki hanya zuwa Moscow. Gina a cikin daya bazara 1198 Nereditsa Church shi ne na karshe ginin Yaroslav a kan wannan ƙasa. Novgorod fitar da shi. Amma shi shi ne na karshe yarima da yi a cikin general - Novgorod zama free birni.

Yanayi tabbatar da rashin da asali

By kanta, karamin coci, yayin da yake samara da wani m ra'ayi. Ta ma, wani bangare ne na tarihi al'adunmu na "The Great Novgorod", kazalika da sauran kiyaye majami'u gina ta Yaroslav da kuma magabata. Samfurori na Kiev majami'u, dauka a matsayin tushen, wadãtar da gida hadisai na birnin kasuwanci, m dandano na gine-ginen da kuma artists. Sun samu asali saboda da yanayin da yi na dutse masonry ganuwar da kuma kayan aiki. Yana da aka rarrabe - alternately suya yadudduka plinfy (daga farar ƙasa tubalin), gida dutse, matalauta Sannan ina, tare da Bugu da kari wani bayani na bulo kwakwalwan kwamfuta da Volkhov farar ƙasa. Saboda magudi plinfy ganuwar sun m. Duk da wannan peculiarity da kuma bayar da gida yi a raba alkuki da ake kira "gine na Novgorod Land", wanda shi ne wani hali wakilin Nereditsa Church.

wadannan haikalin

The kananan size Haikalin, to wanda ya shafi cikin siffa "bẽne", da aka hoisted a cikin girmamawa kashe 'ya'yansa maza, da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin' ya'yan sarakuna kabarin. Ginin da aka gudanar kara tempo, da lokaci ya rikodin - kawai 4 watanni, amma duk da gaba a 1199 da coci da aka fentin. A halittarsa da kuma gine (daya-Dome coci cubical) Church na Mai-Ceto a kan Nereditsa kama wasu addini gine-gine gina a lokacin guda sau. Very kamar shi ne Transfiguration Cathedral a Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Dimitiriyas Cathedral a Vladimir, Pyatnitskaya coci a Chernigov, Church na Gaske Shelar a kan Arkazhi, Bitrus da Bulus Sinichnoy baƙin ciki da sauransu. Dukan su ne babban irin wani Orthodox coci. Construction na dutse giciye-domed coci a Rasha ya fara da yi a Kiev zakar coci a karshen na X karni, da aiki yi da majami'u da irin wannan aiki ya ci gaba a yau. Shi ne a cikin rana don mayar da halakar Soviet ikon wuraren ibada da kuma gina sabon. Kuma shi ne mai kyau cewa su riƙe su siffar muhimmi a cikin Orthodox Rasha Haikalin, da kuma haka reminiscent na zane-zane na Nesterov da Glazunov. Ci ne kiyaye, ta zamani, yara shuka a soyayya ga Rasha tun suna yara, da kuma manufar "Tsarki Rasha" yana zama kusa sosai.

Zalla kasa dabiu

Haikali Spas Nereditsa da dangantaka da giciye-domed, da 4 ciki ginshikan qazanta wuraren ibada. Ya, kamar mutane da yawa kama da gine-gine, ya pozakomarnoe shafi muhimmi a yi na Rasha Orthodox Church. Kadaice ko semicircular zakomary an lankwasa rufin, wajen wuya ta rubanya cikin siffar wani coci baka. Zakomary kanta lashe shinge - a tsaye ɓaɓɓake daga wani coci facade. Wadannan tsaye guda a hannu daya, ƙawata Haikalin, a kan sauran - yana ba shi da wani musamman shaidar dan kasa. Saboda da kananan size da Church of Transfiguration a kan Nereditsa yana da kananan Choirs, wakiltar mezzanine don saukar da mawaka.

Na'ura coci Nereditsa

Yawanci, wadannan gabatarwa - da mawaka jefa, ko kuma - located a kan wani bude gallery ko baranda a cikin coci, kuma suna da yaushe located a hawa na biyu a kan garu gaban bagaden. Wannan coci yana da matukar m ganuwar, kunkuntar bene, kuma ƙofar zuwa cikin gallery, located a kan katako faifai, yanke fitar a yamma bango. A kan jefa akwai biyu chapels. The coci na Our mai ceto a Novgorod Nereditsa yana da ba daidai ba al'amari rabo, m ganuwar, amma shi ba ya ganimar da shi, da kuma bada coci a wasu tsaftacewa da kuma asali. Roba bango an dauke su mai ban mamaki. Duk da yawa kamance, da coci ne na musamman.

Gina coci da aka yi azumi kuma ko da yake shi fentin dukan shekara, lokacin da ake ji da frescoes kasance ma mun gwada takaice. Zanen da aka rufe dukan ciki - ganuwar, gini, da goyon bayan ginshikan, kuma a cikin wannan, ta kasance ba daidai ba. Most picturesque gungu, sanannen abin tunawa ga da monumental zanen ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a Turai - wancan ne abin da zanen, wanda ya tsĩrar da Nereditsa. Novgorod ba zai iya gadara da ko da daya da irin wannan coci.

Manta da kuma ajiye

Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni wani coci, daidaituwa saje cikin kewaye faɗi, kuma akwai ba yawa talla a kusa da shi. Interest a shi ka fito a cikin biyu da rabi na XIX karni. Artist Martynov a 1867 samu tagulla a Paris domin watercolor kofe nereditskih murals. A 1910, ya fara da maido da frescoes da kuma aiki koyo. Duka wannan yana da fiye ko žasa maida ci gaba har 30s. Wannan aiki shi ne duk lokacin da turawa Nikolay Rerih, wanda ya so ya ci gaba da wannan dutse mai daraja a matsayin mai ceto Nereditsa. Frescoes na coci zo zuwa lokaci a remarkably mai kyau yanayin.

m m

Kawai godiya ga aikin da za'ayi a lokacin, wadannan taskõkin an kiyaye su a cikin hotunan da kofe zuwa yanzu, da kuma fito da matsayin littafi. Kansu a matsayin frescoes, da kuma haikalin, inda suka kashe duk abin da a 1941 ta Nazi manyan bindigogi wuta, kamar yadda coci aka harbe-harben batu. Saboda haka mai girma ya muhimmancin wannan coci, wanda maido fara aiki a shekarar 1944. Haikali gina haka hikima cewa 'yan mutane gane shi a matsayin post-yaki halittar. Don sake cikin coci aka sanya yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar da auna zane sanya a 1903-1904 da Academician P. Pivovarov.

Unique

Daga nesa, gani a tsaye a kan wani tudu Church na Mai-Ceto a kan Nereditsa. Hotuna samuwa a cikin manyan yawa, wuce shi m kyakkyawa. Azahiri shi ainihin kwafin da wanda ya riga, amma ciki ba za a iya mayar da saboda zauna 15% na asali zane-zane, yafi na sama na - ganuwar, arches, Dome.

The musamman da suka bambanta da asali tushen ne ba kawai cewa shi aka fentin a duk abinda - aka karin brushwork kuma theme frescoes.

Unusually ga lokaci, kuma aka dauke a relic na image a cikin Dome, "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama" adadi na Almasihu da shida mala'iku. A wannan lokaci, da Dome da aka yi wa ado da "Pantokratom". Kuwa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, dual image na Yesu. Ya halitta shi, mai albarka tare da hannun dama, hagu rike da wata Bishara. A 9 tiers suka located coci frescoes. Akwai nan "baftisma" qagaggun, hotuna da kuma na farko matattu Knyazhich St. Boris da Gleba. Ga wani babban hoto na Yaroslav da kuma babban abun da ke ciki ¡iyãma, a cikin abin da akwai wani wuri da labarin "mai arziki a cikin jahannama." A general shirin na zanen, kamar St. Sophia Cathedral, ba ya nan, akwai ba wata 'yar alamar Chronology na events, amma shi ba ya nẽmi yarda muhimmanci nereditskih frescoes.

gama kerawa

Kwararru da yawa siffantãwa da rashin tsarin gaban babban adadin artists da kuma kara da oda. Kuma wasu yi imani da cewa Jaroslaw short bazara watanni, a lokacin da yawanci fentin coci, gayyace m masana daga juna, daya daga wanda aka ma wani baƙo. Saboda haka, akwai irin wannan cacophony.

A daidai sunan artist ba a sani ba, amma (mai yiwuwa) yawa da maki ga cewa shi ne Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Archaeologists sun iske shi studio, inda mafi maki wa hannu a nereditskim zane-zane. Masana sun lura cewa irin zanen sprawling, kusa, a maimakon haka, gabashin iri fiye da m Byzantine.

adana al'adunmu

Bayan da yaki, da Church of Transfiguration a kan Nereditsa aka gaba daya mayar a shekarar 1958, kuma a shekarar 1992 aka hada a Duniya Heritage jerin.

Babban rabo mai girma shi ne cewa shi ne a yanzu an lãbãri a 3D tsarin. Dalibai na Jami'ar Birnin Leningrad, baki-da-fari hotunan da almara, kiyaye su a cikin archives, kuma ya iya sake ciki da kuma na waje ado na coci, kuma shi ne canza a kan lokaci. Kuma shi ke gaskiya.

Yanzu da coci da 'yan kwanaki a mako ta aiki a matsayin mai gidan kayan gargajiya bude ga jama'a.