Kirch - a Lutheran coci ... Abin da shi ne?

Kirchen m kira Lutheran al'ada Tsarin. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba. A Jamus kalma kirche yayi dace da Rasha manufar "coci." A cikin Sabon Alkawari da shi da aka saka musamman ma'anar - da coci (Kirch) za a iya kira kamar yadda tsarin da al'umma, ko taron mutane ba tare da addini canza launi.

Church-gini ya shafi iri uku gine-gine: ɗakin sujada (Chapel), da coci da kuma babban coci. Chapel - mai raba gini gina for musamman bukatun. Church - da babban gini na Ikklesiya. Tsakanin su akwai wani liturgical bambance-bambance - duk da bikin, ayyukan hajji, da sacrament iya a gudanar a cikin ɗakin sujada, kuma a cikin coci.

A ciki na coci

The coci, gina a cikin gargajiya style, zuwa kashi sassa, hali na Kirista wuraren ibada. A halin yanzu, irin wannan rabo a cikin shiri na coci iya bace. The na'urar da gine-gine, wani na da bambance-bambance ba zai iya zama wani cikas ga sabis. Mene ne wani Lutheran coci? A bisa ga al'ada, da ginin kunshi dama sassa:

• Shirayin - da sarari inda karin wuraren hada a library, wanka, miya dakin, cikin dakin don zuwa na ma'aikata, da dai sauransu Sama shirayin yawanci located gãnuwõyi cewa bauta a matsayin belfries ...
• Choirs - sarari sama ƙofar, inda a can ne a jiki.
• Nave - babban ɓangare na ginin domin jama'a. Domin su, akwai na musamman bencina ko talakawa kujeru - shi ba kome. Amma gaban bagaden a lokacin da da yawa processions ta hanyar-nassi.
• Bagaden - hadisin a cikin Lutheran coci, ya tuba zuwa gabas. Yawancin lokaci shi ne tadawa a kan wanda gicciye ko crucifix. Bayan bagaden suna yi wa ado da zane-zane ko stained-gilashi windows a kan jigo na Bishara. Wannan na iya zama wani image yanayi ko kawai taga. Kirch - wani coci, da wani wurin bauta. Saboda haka, gefen bagaden located bagade.

sunayen Kirch

• Church za a iya kira da sunan gundumar, titi, ko da birni inda aka located.
• Modern Lutheran coci kira sunayen muhimmanci Kirista Concepts. Alal misali, Church na karbar tuba.
• Memorial sunayen - a Lutheranism akwai wani ma'aikata na tsarkaka, don haka da Church aka kira a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da shugabannin coci ko shugabanni. Alal misali, Lutheran Church of Louise (a cikin memory na Sarauniya na Prussia) a Kaliningrad.
• Kirch iya gudanar da pre-canji sunan. Yawancin lokaci shi ne mafi muhimmanci mutum na Sabon Alkawari, ko sunayen tsarkaka. Alal misali, Lutheran Church of St. Paul a Odessa.
• The sunan coci, dangane da kabilanci akidar parishioners. Ga misali, da Jamusanci coci.

Asalin da Lutheran Church

A watan Oktoba 1517 an Augustinian m da kuma farfesa Martin Luther da aka buga 95 theses. Saboda haka akwai wani dukan rukunan, daban-daban daga ka'idojin da cocin Katolika. Abin da farko an nufin canje-canje ƙarshe haifar da samuwar wani sabon coci.

Kirch a cikin na asali ji - shi ne ba kawai da ginin, amma kuma da al'umma, a daga mũminai. Bayan canji, Ikklesiyoyin bishara Lutheran Church (Lutheran Church) ya auku a ko'ina a Jamus, Sweden, Finland, daga XVI karni. Daga baya Lutheran karfi a arewacin Jamus, a Livonia. Ya fara da tartsatsi yi gine-gine domin bauta.

The Legacy da Teutonic Order

A Kaliningrad yankin ne sosai kiyaye Kirch cewa lokaci. Bugu da kari, wasiyya na Jamus jihohi sun Jamus coci a farkon lokaci. A wannan yankin, na farko coci bayyana a cikin XIII karni. Teutonic Order a 1256 kafa Kirch Shtayndamm, shekaru biyar daga baya - Porkshen Kirch, a 1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. Fiye da 60 Katolika coci, gina ta Teutonic Order, kiyaye yanzu a cikin ƙasa na Kaliningrad yankin.

Teutonic Order da kuma aza Konigsberg castle. Church, library, liyafar zauren, castle hasumiya, tsari, gidan sarauta Apartments, oat Tower - da bangaren sassa na tsohon girmamãwa. Sunan castle ya ba da sunan birnin da ake gina a kusa da ganuwar da castle. Konigsbersky Castle - tsoho gani na birnin. A 1967, da sauran tsarin da ganuwar da aka nike tashi. Wanda ya yanke shawarar mayar da ita.

The Legacy of Gabas Prussia

Daga cikin XIV karni, tare da samuwar Jamus birane a yankin Gabas Prussia, shi fara a ko'ina da kuma gina Katolika majami'u. 120 Kirch ya tsira zuwa yanzu lokaci.

babban coci

A farko Katolika Cathedral da aka gina a 1380. A hankali, babban coci gina da kuma zai sa hannu a ciki frescoes. Kirch - shi ne cibiyar Ikklesiya da rai. Saboda haka, a lokacin da Order ta Cathedral ya kasu kashi 2 sassa: daya addu'a Knights a cikin sauran - a cikin ikilisiya.

Ba da da ewa, kusa da babban coci girma jami'a gini, a library da musamman tarin littattafai da kuma rubuce-rubucen. A ranar da hasumiya da aka sanya a daukan hankali Agogon, daga baya da babban coci da aka mayar da shi shigar da wani sabon sashin jiki.

Yau a Kaliningrad Katolika al'umma ne kananan. Don haka an yanke shawarar yin na babban coci a irin cibiyar-Haikalin, inda za su yi addu'a gaba da wakilan daban-daban ikirari. Yanzu a wani babban coci allahntaka sabis, ana kashe Furotesta, Orthodox, kuma Katolika. Tsara kide da kuma gasa na sashin jiki da kuma na gargajiya music.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa mafi tsufa gini a Kaliningrad, wanda zai iya ajiye. Shekara na yi - 1288. Abin lura Katolika majami'u cewa ga ƙarni sun zo nan taron mahajjata. A ƙarshen XIV karni da aka gina belfry da biyu karrarawa, sanya haske da kuma arziki frescoes ciki da coci ne tsoho Prussian sculptures - "Madonna a kan jinjirin wata", wanda aka yaba da mu'ujizai da warkaswa.

Kirch ya kasance kusan m bayan da yaki, da Jamusanci mazaunan shi za'ayi da sabis har 1948. Amma ginin da aka sosai halaka su da baƙi daga Tarayyar Soviet. A farkon 1980 domin kare su daga hallaka janye, Kirche koma ga Orthodox Church. Yanzu a nan ne mace ta St. Nicholas sufi.

Tarik XIX-XX karni

A tarihi ginin Kaliningrad - Lutheran coci na Sarauniya Louise. A girmamawa Sarauta aka gina shi a 1899. A cikin 60s da hukumomin shirya ya rushe gini, amma shi ya tsira, refitting ginin a cikin yar tsana gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Katolika Chapel na St. Adalbert da aka gina a shekara ta 1904. 30 Bayan shekaru da aka haɗe zuwa gini da zagaye windows da kuma sāke gina bagaden. Chapel samu matsayi na coci. A lokacin yakin, da a haɗe kashi da aka lalace da kuma rushe, kuma a cikin tsufa ɓangare na coci ya zaunar da} afar roba kamfanin. Yanzu da gina gidaje da gwamnati na Research Institute.

Sagrada Familia coci da aka gina a 1907. Bisa ga m, da Katolika Kirk ya kamata ya zama wani iyali gidan domin jama'a, inda ya ci sarauta ruhun Kirista soyayya. Akwai aka gudanar kawai ayyukan hajji na baftisma da bikin aure. A lokacin yakin duniya na II coci da aka sosai lalace kuma sannu a hankali hallaka. A shekarar 1980, bayan wani dogon maimaitawa Regional Philharnonic Society da aka bude a can. Saita Czech sashin jiki da 3600 bututu.

Katolika Lutheran Church of St. Joseph kafa a shekarar 1931. A gini da uku benaye a cikin hasumiya da m rufin. A lokacin barkewar Lutheran coci ya sha fama da dan kadan, da kuma bayan yaki, sa'an nan kuma sanya Railway Club. A shekara ta 1969, ginin da aka gina da kuma sanya shi a cikin warehouses cewa an dake akwai a wannan lokacin.

Kirch, mukaddashin yanzu a matsayin Orthodox majami'u

Ponarth Lutheran-Lutheran Church - shi ne mafi kyau gini a Gothic style. Yana da aka gina a 1897 a kudi na gida madafar giya, mazauna da kuma gwamnatin tallafin. Lutheran coci jiki ya ba da Yahudawa al'umma na gari. daba costing kusan ba lalace a lokacin yaki. Bayan da yaki, tare da spire na coci da aka cire, da kuma dakin da aka yi amfani a matsayin ajiya sarari. A shekarar 1991 ginin da aka bai wa Rasha Orthodox Church, kuma a yanzu shi ne wani Orthodox coci Nativity na Albarka Virgin.

Rosenau Lutheran coci da aka dage farawa a shekara ta 1914. Amma saboda yaki (na farko World) gina Haikalin da za a dakatar da. A 1926 da gina coci da aka kammala. A lokacin duniya na biyu Lutheran coci kusan ba su sha wahala, kuma aka yi amfani da matsayin sito. 25 shekaru da suka wuce gini da aka bai wa Rasha Orthodox Church, kuma yanzu nan Orthodox coci Mai Tsarki Virgin.

Lutheran Church na Cross aka gina da kuma tsarkake a cikin shekara ta 1933. A lokacin yakin da ta samu qananan lalacewa, da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu da ginin ya shop. A shekarar 1988, ginin da aka bai wa Rasha Orthodox Church, ya keɓe a shekarar 1994, a yau yana wani Orthodox Holy Cross Cathedral.

A karshe wurin bauta, wanda Jamus gina a Königsberg, ya Lutheran Church of Almasihu. Sun gina ta a cikin aiki yanki ba tare da wani frills da embellishments. Gininsu, an halitta a 1937. The coci iya zama 720 mutane a lokaci guda. Bayan da yaki, gini saba wa House of Culture. Ginin da aka mika ROC, amma, bisa ga jami'an, yayin nan zai gudu da kulob din.

Data kasance Lutheran da Katolika

Yanzu a Kaliningrad a cikin cocin Katolika 2 isowa: Tsarki Family da kuma St. Adalbert. Church gine-gine da aka gina a shekarar 1991 da kuma shekarar 1992. "Caritas West" Katolika Cibiyar ta kuma bude a 1992. Yana aiki a cikin birnin da kuma cocin College reshe.

Ikklesiyoyin bishara Lutheran Church a birnin farfado kawai a shekarar 1991. Lutherans tara a cikin coci gini a kan Prospekt Mira. Su ma suna da Provostry (coci gundumar) a cikin abin da rijista manufa "Hasken Gabas".

Mene ne wani Lutheran coci? Har canji, da Lutheran coci kira Church a Jamus asashe. Jamus - da haifuwa na samun canji. Bayan ta Katolika da kuma Lutherans aka kira Kirche (coci) gini a abin da suka hadu da bauta masa. Kirchen yanzu ake kira da Lutheran Church da kuma wasu Jamus. Don Katolika guda, dangane da kasar, zai iya zama wani coci ko Ikklesiya. Alal misali, ga mazauna Belarus, da Jamhuriyar Czech, Poland, Slovakia cocin Katolika - wannan coci.