"Marasa lafiya Building Syndrome" - wanda gidaje da ta faru

Kalmar "rashin lafiya gini ciwo" An farko da ya gabatar a cikin World Health Organization magani rabin karni da suka wuce. Bisa ga cikakken sikelin nazari da American masana a cikin Amurka da kuma 30% na gine-gine ba lafiya ga kiwon lafiya. A kan yawan "bad" Apartments da kuma ofisoshin a Rasha, wanda zai iya kawai tsammani. Syndrome sa bayyanar cututtuka kamar irin waɗanda na numfashi da ciwon ya kama, amma saboda waje dalilai: mold, turɓãya, cutarwa maras tabbas abubuwa, da sauran irritants da allergens.

na cikin gida da yanayi

matsaloli na muhalli da lafiya na rayuwa a kan duniyarmu aka tattauna a ko'ina cikin duniya. Gudanar da wani yawa bincike ayyuka ne ya shirya, kasaftawa kudi don inganta halin da ake ciki da jihar na iska, da ruwa, da duniya ta teku, kasa.

Daidai da muhimmanci ne da lafiyar qasa da gabatarwa. Ingancin rayuwa dogara kai tsaye a kan ingancin gidaje, ta hygienic halaye. Domestic iska ta muhalli kiyasta a 9 sau fiye da guba da kuma 5 sau da matsanancin dirtier. A lokacin da rana, mutane "sha" zuwa biliyan 3 barbashi ƙura. Wadannan m dalilai muhimmanci worsen kiwon lafiya.

Idan microclimate a cikin ginin ta kakkarye, akwai wani "m gini ciwo" - a lokacin da shi accumulates a cikin Apartment nazarin halittu, da sinadaran, da kuma sauran allergens. A farko, zaune ko aiki akwai matsaloli tare da numfashi, ƙarshe bayyananne hadin gwiwa zafi, rashin barci.

definition

Za mu fahimci cewa amfani da kalmar "rashin lafiya gini ciwo". A ra'ayi na SBS (English Sick gini ciwo) da ake amfani da su bayyana halin da ake ciki inda mazaunan wasu gine-gine a can kewayon ailments, cututtuka, da kuma wani takamaiman cuta ba ya faruwa.

Mutane da yawa mamaki da abin da mazaunan gidaje "da lafiya gini ciwo" ya auku mafi sau da yawa. Bayyanuwar alamomin yafi tare da ma kananan adadin sabo iska a cikin dakuna da kuma low quality.

Pollutant kafofin iya zama:

• rayayyun kwayoyin halitta (msl, gefe-kayayyakin na numfasawa, dampness, naman gwari).
• kayan gini da kuma zane abubuwa (kaushi, Paints, itace magungunan adana, asbestos).
• samun iska da kuma kwandishan (kwayoyin a cikin iska ducts).
• waje iska (gurbata sunadarai a manyan birane).
• rashin iya amfaninka na wurare (misali, shan taba).

cututtuka

A shekarar 1984, WHO ruwaito cewa "rashin lafiya gini ciwo" shi ne hali da 30% na sabon da kuma gyara gine-gine a duniya. A dogon a gano su iya faruwa:

• ciwon kai, dizziness.
• rufe da mãgãgi.
• tashin zuciya.
• rashin barci.
• cututtuka da gajiya.
• hangula na mucous membranes.
• shortness na numfashi;
• hadin gwiwa zafi da sauransu.

"Bad" Apartment

Nazarin ya nuna cewa kiwon lafiya na tabarbarewar mutane (hangula daga cikin idanu, fata, babba numfashi fili, da ciwon kai, gajiya, barci tashin hankali) ne sau da yawa hade da matalauta ingancin inhaled iska a cikin gabatarwa. A wani yanayi na zamani gine-gine da aka rufe zuwa 300 na maras tabbas sinadaran mahadi, mites, daban-daban endotoxins kyawon da ƙara maida hankali Radon. Bayan duk na sama, wani mutum a cikin dakin shafar electromagnetic filayen na iyali kayan radiation (kwakwalwa, microwaves) da kuma radionuclides daga kayan gini. Wadannan dalilai ba Yunƙurin to "m gini ciwo".

Kalmar da aka yi amfani da lokacin da Apartment yayyo rufin, fasa a cikin ganuwar, karye dumama yarda da ci gaban mazauna na microscopic fungi, wanda spores ne mai guba. A gine-gine a cikin hunturu shi ne sau da yawa ƙone domin dumama iskar gas, wanda konewa kayayyakin ne unsafe.

hadarin dalilai

Cutarwa abubuwa, domin dalilai daban-daban, da iska shiga rufaffiyar gabatarwa, ba zai iya ko da a kidaya. A shekarar 1971, an kõma sama a jerin da sinadaran abubuwa a cikin adadin hamsin kasafi na kayan gini. Don kwanan wata, muhimmanci ƙara da polymers amfani domin gina sababbin gine-gine, gyara da kuma karewa daga data kasance da wurin. Ba za mu iya manta game da hulda da wadannan sunadarai, wasu daga wanda ƙarfafa juna ta mataki.

sinadaran irritants

A duk ƙasashe, "lafiya gini ciwo" yana tare da gagarumin tattalin arziki hasarori, kamar yadda ake bukata don gudanar da wani m matakan, don mu bi da mutane, su biya asibiti. Duk da haka, da yawa masu kansu samar da wani unfavorable yanayi, kokarin yin abin da ake kira "gyara" tare da yin amfani da synthetics. Irin wannan kayan su ne dole magana zuwa jihar tsafta-ANNOBA jarrabawa da kuma aiki tare da su ake yi a karkashin manufa yanayi (ruwa ko iska a musamman bẽnãye kwaikwaiyo). A mafi rikitarwa rayuwa.

A mafi cutarwa aka gyara daga iska na ofisoshin da Apartments ne formaldehyde da phenol. A taro na farko gidajensu dogara a kan jikewa polymers Inganta (sabon furniture chipboard samar a kan tushen da urea da phenol-formaldehyde resins). formaldehyde tushen ne gas da kuma bai cika konewa kayayyakin. Wani fifiko wakili a cikin jerin iska pollutants ne styrene, wanda aka saki daga rufi kayayyakin da wasu ruwa resistant fuskar bangon waya. Linoleum, varnishes, Paints, adhesives, kaushi ne kafofin na benzene, xylene, toluene.

Saboda haka, tambaya taso a abin da gidaje "da lafiya gini ciwo", za mu iya lafiya amsa - waɗanda a cikin abin:

• Yana amfani mai yawa roba abubuwa (windows, dakatar da ceilings, PVC bangarori).
• sabon furniture ba a sanya na halitta kayan.
• bene rufe linoleum (tari kyãwãwa sanya na wucin gadi, laminate).
• aiyuka rufi, rufi kayan .
• gine-gine kwanan gyara dakuna.

m polymers

A ci gaba da ciwo taimakawa wajen yin polymeric kayan suna yadu amfani da zamani yi domin yi na furniture, kazalika da kasa da kuma bango marufai. Ba kalla a cikin aiwatar da iska gurbatawa cire taba hayaki da konewa kayayyakin na iskar gas. An gano cewa, samu kafofin da kadaici da wasu sinadarai (msl carbon monoxide) a kiwon lafiya da gine-gine ne mafi hatsari fiye a bude karkara.

A gaban polymer kayan take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar rikicewar lantarki. Wannan kara worsens da yanayin iska a wuraren da akwai mutane dogon lokaci. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa rigakafin "rashin lafiya gini ciwo" yana zuwa fara tare da zane na zama gine-gine. Dole ne a yi daga muhalli da fasfo na kowane gidan, da kuma bayar da iko a kan abubuwa da cewa ana gina.

da wuce haddi danshi

Stone Tsarin su ne tushen mafi birane. Alal misali, bisa ga GUION a Petersburg 96,9% gidaje yankin wakilta dutse Tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da: 48,7% na yankin - wani tubali gini, yafi ba tare da cladding, 14,8% - gidãjensu gina kafin juyin juya halin.

A farko danshi matakin na masonry Tsarin shi ne 8-12%, amma tare da lokaci, wannan adadi zai kara da sau da yawa. Masana sun rikodin Yunƙurin mafitar damp a cikin bulo bango zuwa tsawo na mita biyar.

Mutane da yawa san amma da wuya zaton cewa danshi - wani m yanayi domin mafi yawan cutarwa microorganisms. Fasa a cikin ganuwar ne a madugu na danshi da kuma cutarwa dalilai (ciki har da fungi). Ta hanyar bincike, da mazaunan wasu gidaje akwai "m gini ciwo". Sai ya juya daga, da karkacewa daga microclimate sigogi ga m akwai lokacin da ginin da tubali ganuwar da shekara talatin da haihuwa, wato, a lokacin da jiki lalacewa daga game da 25%.

Tsari mai sarrafa kansa

High zafi ne m ba a kanta, da kuma kwayoyin, da kuma yi fashi, masu tasowa, a irin wannan yanayi. Alal misali, a Sweden normative adadin microcell mold naman gwari mallaka a cikin gida iska kada wuce 174 raka'a. Nazarin ya nuna a kasar mu wuce wannan adadi da 3-6 sau.

A halin yanzu, mutum da tsawo tsaya a gurbata yankunan da akwai "m gini ciwo". Kayyade tushen mold ake dangantawa da wani babban girma na aikin - mai mallaka na fungi sau da yawa shirya a lungu da, a cikin microcracks, karkashin gama. Lokacin da mold ne a fili a bayyane zuwa ga tsirara ido, don haka cikin dakin ne tsanani kamuwa da, da kuma kayar da wannan hari da wuya sosai. A sakamakon da inhalation na iska gurbata da spores iya zama diathesis, asma, allergies, da ciwon daji, ciki sashin jiki lalacewa.

"Marasa lafiya Building Syndrome": kiwon lafiya na gabatarwa

Man ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci, da ruwa da kuma iskar oxygen. Tsabta iska - da key ga kiwon lafiya. Mafi yawan mutane a cikin kasar ne da za'ayi a cikin gine-gine har zuwa 90% na lokaci. Kamar mutane, cikin dakin ma bukatar wani irin kiwon lafiya.

M magina sani mai yawa game da "rashin lafiya gini ciwo" da kuma iya gaya wadda gidaje ta bayyana sau da yawa. Yawanci, zarge matalauta samun iska, don haka da dubawa da kuma m magani ya kamata a da za'ayi a kai a kai. Poor ingancin iska zai iya kai wa ga sakamakon kamar allergies, ido hangula, hoarseness, tari, fata cuta, ciwon kai, da kuma janar malaise.

Health - ba ne kawai dalilin tsaftace iska ducts. Duba tsarin for samun iska daga flammable abubuwa (mai daga kitchen kuka, daga tufafi masu na'urorin busa fiber) na kara hadarin wuta. Saboda haka, Jihar m na iska monitoring ya kamata a gudanar a kai a kai.

Abubuwan da karya dakin shan iska

Mai Rasha gine-gine kasance a cikin lokaci a lõkacin da roba windows bai wanzu ba. Haka kuma, da yi nagartacce la'akari da kasancewar microventilation a Bugu da kari ga hoods a kitchen, kuma a cikin gidan wanka. Godiya ga "numfashi" iska katako Frames a cikin zauren, da gida mai dakuna, yara kullum updated.

Shigarwa na roba windows iya rage zafin rana asara da kuma inganta soundproofing, amma gaba daya "kashe" micro-iska. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a zafi da kuma, a sakamakon, mold samuwar. Hakika, akwai model na windows cewa samar da gas musayar, kuma amma mafi yawan masu amfani da ake sa "da cewa shi ne mai rahusa." M roba ne ba kawai wani take hakkin da iska, amma m sake cutarwa sinadaran aka gyara.

Daga cikin abubuwan da fashin samun iska daga gabatarwa, nuna rubutu:

• Shigarwa na roba windows, da ninkawa da installing biyu-glazed windows a kan baranda.
• Maye gurbin al'ada kofofin a kan m masana'anta ba tare da "mummuna" gibba.
• Rufi (sealing) m bango.
• Replan ducts.
• Kammalawa tanda, kaho (da sauran iyali kayan) kai tsaye zuwa ga nuna.

iska tacewa

Akwai fasaha mafita ga lafiya na cikin gida iska. The latest nasarori a warware matsaloli ne na musamman tace, misali, High Tsaro, 3G da sauransu. Sun iya kama da gaseous da particulate pollutants cikin iska ducts, ba tare da bukatar sake shiryawa da gabatarwa.

• High Tsaro ga tacewa da nazarin halittu da kuma sinadaran aka gyara.
• 3G tace an yi amfani don kula da lafiya iska da kuma ta yi garkuwa kananan particulates samu a cikin iska, Organic abubuwa, m kamshi.

"Green Building"

Ga gidajensu tare da matalauta da m sauyin yanayi masana kimiyya sun fito da wani musamman sunan - "rashin lafiya gini ciwo". A bambanci a kansu, a raya ƙasashe samun lokacinta ake kira "kore gini." Wannan Trend zama tartsatsi a cikin kasashen yamma. Masu ruwa da tsaki (designers, da magina, muhalli, da likitoci, kamfanonin inshora) sun gane cewa ba za mu iya ba shiru game da matsalar.

Manazarta ce cewa tabarbarewar a cikin kiwon lafiya na mazauna, rage yawan aiki na ma'aikatan da, inshora biya rufe yiwu amfanin da amfani da tsohon ayyukan da m kuma cheap kayan. A wurin da DSP, polymers da kuma Paints zo aiyukan-m kayan. A sabon bukatun amfani da zanawa da gina don tabbatar da m samun iska da kuma waterproofing.

Tambayoyi ci gaba da gudanar da bincike na cikin gida sauyin yanayi. Sigogi na tabarbarewar nasaba da ginin ta shekaru da kuma ta jiki tabarbarewar load-hali Tsarin. Gano coefficient karaya tubali ganuwar, wanda tsarè ingancin na cikin gida sauyin yanayi.

Kuma a Rasha?

Russia ji shi fiye da wasu, wanda ke nufin "m gini ciwo". Nagartaccen sauyin yanayi, guda biyu tare da gina gidaje araha (musamman massively aikata a cikin tarayyar Soviet) sun generated mai yawa da zamantakewa matsaloli. A kasar gaske bukatar a gidaje na zamani. Don kauce wa irin wannan matsalar kamar yadda "m gini ciwo", wanda gidaje mafi kyau ga shirya?

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha kasuwar ya riga ya mayar da martani kan yammaci Trend. Raya sabon bukatun ga muhalli da kuma samar da makamashi da ceton dukiya. A karin misalin wannan - sabon gine-gine ta amfani da ka'idojin "kore gini", wadda babbar manufarta - don rage total (a kan rayuwar sake zagayowar daga cikin ginin) da cutarwa tasirin da makaman occupants kiwon lafiya da kuma muhalli. Daya sashe na BREEAM da LEED matsayin na rarrabuwa na gine-gine a yankin na "kore gini" da aka sadaukar domin kawai na cikin gida ingancin iska, da kuma kiwon lafiya da kuma alheri. Babban liba zuwa cimma da ake so sakamakon - aikace-aikace na sabuwar fasahar da ta kusance a yi, ciki har da ginin injiniya support mafita.

al'amurra

A Rasha, da "kore gini" ne samun lokacinta. A dukiya kasuwar talakawan saye - shi ne matasa a karkashin shekaru 35, kwanan nan wani iyali. Domin su, da muhimmanci al'amari na nasu gidajensu, su ne ba tukuna shirye su biya ƙarin domin sverhkachestvo. Su ba su ji tsoron rashin lafiya gini ciwo, har ma a lokacin da ta je muhalli da kuma nan gaba tanadi a cikin makamashi wadata. Amma kamar yadda ka sani, idan wata kasa yana da wani m tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki da kuma bukatar a kan ingancin rayuwa na yawan girma.

Greater sha'awa cikin "kore gini" ya nuna kasuwanci, musamman a lokacin da ta je yi, kamar kasuwanci cibiyar domin ta nasu bukatun. A wannan yanayin, da damar ajiye a kan aiki har zuwa 40% a gwada low payback lokaci a kan zuba jari fiye da kima da ake bukata da kuma tsarin fasahar (a kusa da 10-12 shekaru) ne quite muhimmanci lokacin da basira jari.