Cutarwa abubuwa

Kowace rana, mutane da ake gittar da dubban daban-daban sunadarai. Mutane da yawa sun damu da su lafiya da kuma kokarin samun amsar wannan tambaya: abin da mãsu ne mai hadarin gaske da kuma ko da suka haddasa ciwon daji ko wasu matsaloli? Amma bai kamata mu yi wa wannan matsala kawai saboda yiwu tasiri a kan yanayi na m masana'antu, kamar yadda akwai hadarin dangantawa da rashin iya abinci, kai-medicate, da kuma sauran halayya dalilai. Alal misali, edible gishiri (Formula ta NaCl) da ake amfani a yau da kullum abinci. Amma ta, daidai da data kasance dokoki, yana nufin III aji na Hazard. A ethylene (ta sinadaran dabara ne C2H4) ne kasa cutarwa abu kunshe a Hazard aji IV. Saboda haka, bayan duk da cewa sun hada Concepts kamar cutarwa abubuwa da su rarrabuwa? Abin da aka shigar da takardun?

A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi suna ba da Gost 12.1.007-77 *. Cutarwa abubuwa - ne sinadaran mahadi wanda saboda keta tsaro bukatun iya sa (da lamba tare da jikin mutum), kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, sana'a cututtuka ko sana'a raunin. Duk wadannan matsalolin yawanci gano a lokacin da aiwatar da su effects ko dogon lokaci lokaci na rayuwa, har ma a bãyanta. Har ila yau, misali sets (dangane da mataki na tasiri a kan jikin mutum) don daban-daban sunadarai kunshe ne a cikin raw kayan, tsaka-tsakin, kayayyakin da sharar gida, a duk hudu azuzuwan na hadarin. Saboda haka, duk abubuwa masu cutarwa yawanci ne musamman m (I aji), sosai m (II sa), moderately m (III aji) ko low Hazard (IV aji).

Gradation aka samar a cikin tsari na gwada ainihin dabi'u da normative dabi'u ga takamaiman Manuniya. Wadannan sun hada da daukan hotuna da iyaka (iska na aiki yanki) da taro na cutarwa abubuwa, da nufin kashi na mutuwa idan ta shiga ciki, da nufin kashi na mutuwa domin dermal, talakawan mutuwa maida hankali ga aiki zone iska, da kuma coefficient na yiwu dalma ta inhalation bangarori na m kuma na kullum ayyuka. Saboda haka, Hazard aji na abubuwa masu cutarwa, a cewar wani matukar darajar da cewa da ake amfani da rarrabuwa na yiwuwar m sunadarai.

ta MPC a cikin iska na masana'antu gabatarwa da kuma aji na hadari aka jera a cikin Annex 2 ga lamba Gost 12.1.005-88 ga fiye da 1,300 abubuwa. An ko da ya fi girma adadin kama bayanai za a iya samu a cikin hygienic matsayin Far 2.2.5.1313-03. Yana da amfani haskaka wasu daga cikin abubuwa, da kuma a cikin wannan dangane da shi ne ya dace a tuna da mummunan rawar da m unbalanced rage cin abinci da kuma illar da shan taba (duka aiki da kuma ga m Club). Saboda taba hayaki ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar benzopyrene, carbon monoxide, nicotine, carbon baki da sauransu. Don kwatanta, shi wajibi ne a yi la'akari da MPC da hatsarin da wasu azuzuwan na sinadaran mahadi da cewa shigar da jikin mutum a lokacin da shan kwayoyi da abinci ko a sakamakon shan taba:

• benzopyrene - 0,00015 MG / M3, ina aji.
• nicotinamide (bitamin PP) - 1 MG / M3, II aji.
• carbon baki - 20 MG / di3, III aji.
• carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) - 20 MG / di3, III aji.
• sodium chloride (tebur gishiri) - 5 MG / M3, III aji.
• oxalic (ethanedioic) acid - 5 MG / M3, III aji.
• Ethylene - 100 MG / M3, IV aji.

Babu shakka, bitamin PP, gishiri da kuma oxalic acid ne mafi m abubuwa ga mutane fiye da sinadaran samfurin ethylene, wanda aka samar a cikin manyan sikelin masana'antu da kuma hidima a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin polyethylene (a film sanya daga gare shi, marufi da kuma sauran amfani kayayyakin). Girmamawa ya kamata a sanya a kan illar da:

1. Tare da tamowa. An misali misali - oxalic acid. MPC for kududdufai ne 0.5 MG / dm3. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa a cikin gwoza (0.61%), kore da albasarta (1.48%), faski (1.70%), alayyafo (0.97%), rhubarb (0.75%). Saboda haka, idan a cikin ganyayyaki hada da rabin gwoza (tushen nauyi 300 g), jikin mutum samun game da 1 g na oxalic acid. Kashi na mutuwa, a cewar wasu data, an dauke 5g ingestion.
2. Tare da shan taba. Kowane shida seconds saboda cututtuka da suka shafi shan taba, da duniya ke mutuwa saboda mutum daya - ne WHO data. A lokaci guda ya lura shekara-shekara karuwa a mace-mace. Wannan ta 2020 ake sa ran ta yawan adadin zai ninka, kuma isa miliyan 10. Per shekara.

Babu shakka cewa abubuwa masu cutarwa shigar da jiki, ba kawai saboda ya fi karfinsu muhalli yanayi, kamar yadda ya haskaka a cikin da yawa kafofin watsa labarai, amma kuma saboda m adam hali. Duk da dama ga samun amfani bayanai, mutane har yanzu ba su ci, hayaki, ya sha barasa ko kwayoyi. Wai kawai zai fahimci kasada by kafa wani daidaita cin abincin nasu , kuma ba up miyagun halaye, iya ƙwarai rage tasirin abubuwa masu cutarwa a jiki.