Oxalic acid

Reserve carboxylic diacid tare da babban dabara C2H2O4 kira da tsanaki nomenclature ethanedioic acid. Wannan fili kuma aka sani da sauran more kowa sunan - oxalic acid. An farko samar da Jamusanci sunadarai F. Wohler na cyanogen (oxalic acid dinitrile) a 1824. Colorless lu'ulu'u na acid narkewa a cikin ruwa don samar da colorless mafita. matauni nauyi ne 90,04 g / mol. A bayyanar da kama monoclinic colorless lu'ulu'u. A 20 ° C a 100 g na ruwa da aka narkar 8 g na oxalic acid. Narkewa a acetone, ethanol da ethyl ether. Yawa 1.36 g / cm³. Narke a 189,5 ° C, sublimes a 125 ° C, decomposes a 100-130 ° C.

All sinadaran Properties halayyar da carboxylic acid, oxalic acid mallaka. Formula shi: HOOC-COOH. Duk da cewa tana nufin carboxylic acid an dauki wani karfi kwayoyin acid (3000 sau karfi fiye da acetic acid): C2O4H2 → C2O4H- + H + (pKa = 1.27) da kuma kara: C2O4H- → C2O42 - + H + (Pk = 4.27). Esters da kuma salts wannan acid ake kira oxalate. C2O42- oxalate ion ne a rage wakili. A dauki na oxalic acid tare da wani bayani na potassium permanganate (KMnO4) da kuma karshen da aka gano mafita zama colorless. An halin reversible dauki da kuma sannu a hankali qoramu dauki tare da alcohols (esterification) a sakamakon wanda da esters suna kafa: HOOC-COOH + 2HOR ↔ 2H2O + ROOC-COOR.

A masana'antu, oxalic acid, samu da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga cikin sinadaran mahadi. Alal misali, a gaban wata vanadium kara kuzari (V2O5) cakuda nitric acid (HNO3) da kuma sulfuric (H2SO4) acid oxidize alcohols, glycols da kuma carbohydrates. Ma dace Hanyar ethylene da acetylene hadawan abu da iskar shaka da nitric acid (HNO3) a gaban palladium salts na PD (NO3) 2 ko PdCl2. Oxalic acid da aka samar daga propylene, wani ruwa wanda aka oxidized da nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Shi yana da kyau mai yiwuwa tsari ga shirya dauki na acid da sodium hydroxide (NaOH) tare da carbon monoxide (CO) ta hanyar da karewa kuma samuwar sodium formate: NaOH + CO → HCOONa. Sa'an nan da kafa sodium oxalate da hydrogen da aka saki: HCOONa + NaOH → NaOOC-COONa + H2 ↑. Na sodium oxalate a wani acidic yanayi samu oxalic acid: NaOOC-COONa + 2h + → HOOC-COOH + 2Na +.

Main aikace-aikace na oxalic acid - tsabtace ko whitening. Oxalic acid iya yadda ya kamata cire tsatsa, saboda haka da yawa tsabtace wajen hada sinadaran fili. Game da kwata na oxalic acid samar da ake amfani da matsayin mordant for dyeing da fata da kuma yadi masana'antu. Yana kuma iya a yi amfani a matsayin reagent (Gost 22180-76) a cikin hikimar tantance sunadarai. Etandioevaya acid dihydrate (HOOC-COOH • H2O) TU 2431-002-77057039-2006 tare da wani taro sulusi da murabba'i na asali abu ≥ 99,3% da ake amfani a samar matakai na Organic kira ga tsarkakewa daga tsatsa da kuma sikelin karfe ga bleaching a sectioning bincike da madubin likita. Beekeepers amfani da oxalic acid bayani tare da wani taro sulusi da murabba'i na 3.2% a sugar syrup for magance parasitic mite. Bayan kammala marmara Tsarin ta surface bi da a rufe da ba su glints.

Oxalic acid da kuma oxalates ba a da yawa da shuke-shuke, ciki har da baki shayi, da ake samu a dabbobi. Babban lalacewar mutane da ake dangantawa da na koda gazawar, wanda ya auku saboda da hulda da oxalic acid tare da alli, sakamakon a cikin hazo m alli oxalate (SaS2O4) - da babban bangaren a koda duwatsu. Acid tsokani hadin gwiwa zafi saboda hazo irin wannan mahadi a gare su. Oxalic acid za a iya kafa a cikin jiki ta hanyar metabolism ethylene zuwa daga yanayi (msl, anti-icing nufin for sarrafa da runways na filayen jiragen sama da kuma jiragen sama, kazalika da sauran mutum-sanya kafofin). Damar da matsaloli tare da oxalate a jikin mutum za a iya raba biyu. Farko - muhimmanci macrocell alli ta ɗaure oxalic acid da kuma ta rashi da aka kafa a cikin sel tsokoki da kuma gabobin. Na biyu - da samuwar koda duwatsu. A mafi girma adadin oxalic acid kunshe ne a cikin alayyafo ganye da kuma mai tushe na rhubarb, zobo, beets, faski, scallions.