Matsala. Irin matsalolin: zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, halayya da sauran

The kalmar "matsala" kusan kowa da kowa bai san matsayin matsala, karfen kafa, toshewa, da bata lokaci ba, a cikin kõme.

Matsala: A irin matsaloli

Kamar yadda wani na game bangaren na zamani a duniya, shi ne generated da ta canzawa. Warware wani kafa tsari na rayuwa, shafi dukkan duniyoyin da mutum aiki, yana sanya wani mutum a cikin wata matattu karshen ne matsala. Irin matsalolin:

• m.
• kimiyya.
• zamantakewa;
• tattalin arziki.
• management.
• muhalli.
• duniya.

m matsaloli

M matsaloli ne mutum wani tunanin rashin daidaituwa yanayin shafi da dangantaka da juna da kuma muhalli.

Wadannan iri m matsaloli:

• Bayyane -. A wasu kalmomin, "ƙarya a kan surface" Wadannan su ne matsalolin da dangantaka, da kishi, mai raɗaɗi affections, bayyananne tsoro, rashin kamewa da nufin bayyana a kasala da unwillingness zuwa zuriya.
• Boye - ba a cikin mutum, amma ba ya bayyana kanta a don haka yanzu kamar yadda ya samu su.
• Deep - guda boye matsaloli, kasancewar wanda bãbu abin dogara da shaida, amma akwai ãyõyi Psychologists ayan yi imani da su zama.

kimiyya da matsaloli

Nau'in na kimiyya matsaloli (msar tambayar, methodological, ƙungiya) ne a sa na kunno kai ne msar tambayar da m al'amurran da suka shafi, wajen hadaddun, saba wa data kasance ilmi da bukatar da za a magance ta hanyar bincike. Domin warware kimiyya matsaloli a zamani yanayi shi na bukatar} o} arin na babban tawagar masana a fannoni daban daban, kowanne daga abin da dole ne suna da nufin tabbatar da dalilin da ya cimma da kimiyya gaskiya.

zaman jama'a matsaloli

Social matsaloli suna bayyana a wani m ko bai cika biyan bukatun da bukatu na daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi. A karkashin bukatun zama dole mu fahimci biyu da physiological bukatun (tufafi, gidaje, abinci), da kuma ruhaniya al'amurran da suka shafi (sadarwa, ilimi, kai-dadada). Wadannan iri matsalolin zamantakewa:

• Daidaiku-sirri da kuma iyali. Wannan Loneliness, ciki, rashin fahimta, da jin dadin jama'a da kadaici, unfavorable yanayi a cikin iyali, da laifi, ciki rikicin, da matsaloli a cikin ilimi na yara da matasa, da matsaloli tare da jiki da hankulansu kiwon lafiya (tsufa, tawaya).
• Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, dangantawa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, da kara yawan m mutane.
• Social da kuma muhalli, saboda illa a kan mutum kiwon lafiya na najasa yanayi.
• Social stratification hade da rabo daga al'umma a kan tushen wasu (ikon, samun kudin shiga, sana'a), ya haddasa appreciable fidda tsakanin misali na rai na daban-daban segments na al'ummar jihar. Yana taimaka wa halittar sharadi gwargwado ga zamantakewa amfani da magudi.
• Behavioral ciki har da karkatacciya hali, criminality, zamantakewa lahani kuma anomalies.
• Symbolization da kuma zamantakewa kwaikwaiyo, cewa shi ne Twisted ganewarsu da murdiya na zamantakewa.
• Zamantakewa da siyasa haddasawa low matakin na zaman jama'a aiki na yawan jama'ar, tashin hankali da kuma rashin zaman lafiya na zaman jama'a a tsakaninsu.

matsalolin tattalin

Duniya, kore ta hadewa matakai, da ƙara ya zo da larura na cinikayya da tattalin arziki da dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen a wani guda duniya tattalin arziki hadaddun. karancin abinci bukata dace rarraba tsakanin masu amfani da, a cikin wannan, akwai wani fifiko batun. Nau'in na kalubale cewa wanzu an tara a daya naúrar, kamar yadda cikakken zaman kanta da juna. Alal misali, rashin muhimmanci na gina jiki - abinci matsala - wani mummunan tasiri a kan mutum kiwon lafiya a sakamakon, rage ingancin aiki da karfi. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana da mummunan tasiri a kan tattalin arziki, inda hakan shi da kuma haddasa matsaloli a tattalin arzikin.

Siffofin matsalolin tattalin za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi:

• Abin da ya nuna?
• Yadda za a samar da?
• Ga wanda ya nuna?

Wannan yana da muhimmanci ga daidai ƙayyade da zabi na kerarre kaya da ake buqata domin wannan hanya da kuma fasaha, kazalika da daidai redistribution na samfurin samu tsakanin tattalin arziki da aiki saboda da iyaka yawan halitta kaya da kuma ayyuka da bayar.

management matsaloli

Management matsaloli bayyana ta ba shirya yi a raga a aikin na kamfanin, haddasa hadarurruka da kuma malfunctions aikace-aikace. A wannan yanayin, don magance halin da ake ciki na iya zama m management bayani shugaban, wanda yana da muhimmanci sosai ga sauri gano da kuma gane asali matsalar. Iri management matsaloli:

• dabarun, bukata samuwar, fahimta, jarrabawa, kimantawa da kuma m amfani da database.
• dabara warware a wani guntu lokaci idan aka kwatanta da dabarun.
• dogon -, matsakaici - gajere da kuma na yanzu.
• a zartarwa matakin: tushe, na tsakiya da kuma saman.

Don magance matsalar da ake bukata don a san da kuma fahimta da bayyanar cututtuka haifar da shi. Mafi na kowa ne:

• savanin a cikin hulda tsakanin ciki raka'a;
• matalauta ingancin samfurori da kuma ayyuka.
• high halin kaka na gudanar da samar da;
• rashin kwararrun ma'aikata da kuma ta fluidity.
• kananan aiki yawan aiki.
• bad tallace-tallace Figures.
• m fasaha aiwatar da wani gagarumin tabarbarewar da kayan aiki;
• kananan riba.
• babbar payables.

Sau da yawa cututtuka aka bayyana a sama gaba da juna, gabatar da wani matsala a cikin hadaddun. Alal misali, low samun kudin shiga da ake dangantawa da high halin kaka da matalauta samfurin quality.

Dauki iko da rubuce-rubuce da matsaloli a hannuwansu da ikon kai, bayan da iko da ilimi da kwarewa, gwaninta, kasuwanci m da ikon ji da matsala a cikin farkon matakai na kafuwar ta.

matsalolin muhalli

Matsalolin muhalli da mafi yawa saboda ayyukan mutane, an tsara su don saduwa da maslahar su da kuma yin mummunan canje-canje a cikin yanayi. Kara gaggawa saya wadannan iri matsalolin muhalli kamar:

• Depletion na lemar sararin samaniya Layer, abin da na tsare rayayyun kwayoyin halitta daga cutarwa da hasken rana radiation. Babban dalilin da "lemar sararin samaniya rami" (a sarari tare da wani low abun ciki na lemar sararin samaniya) ne wani gagarumin taro a yanayi na CFC - sosai maras tabbas sunadarai, amfani da ko'ina a cikin gida da kuma wajen aiki. Disintegrating a cikin sama iska yadudduka, sai suka samar da wani chlorine oxide, wanda ya halaka lemar sararin samaniya. A attenuation na lemar sararin samaniya Layer sakamakon a cikin hanawa na photosynthetic aiwatar a tsire-tsire fada amfanin gona, kyautata a duniya ultraviolet radiation, wanda na taimaka wa abin da ya faru na fata ciwon daji.
• A greenhouse sakamako sakamakon da dumama da ƙananan yanayi, da ikon ratsa kanta gajeren zango na tashar hasken rana radiation da haka hana thermal dogon-kalaman radiation ta duniya surface. Gas (nitrogen oxides, methane, freon, carbon dioxide) ta samar da wata irin rufin greenhouse a kan duniya, ya dawo mafi zafi a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya haddasa ta jari a cikin surface yadudduka da yanayi. Wannan results a cikin mummunan sakamakon irin ci gaban da teku matakin saboda dab kankara, ya karu da ruwan sama, canje-canje a cikin iska shugabanci da kuma teku igiyoyin, zazzabi Yunƙurin, halitta Warming. A Kyoto a watan Disamba 1997, taron kasa da kasa kan duniya canje-canje a cikin yanayi sauyin yanayi da aka gudanar a wadda 159 kasashe halarci. A sakamakon haka shi da tallafi na da kwangila samar da sauran rage 5.2% splashing na greenhouse gas.
• Acid hazo, wakiltar halitta mamaki (ruwan sama, snow, hazo) da high acidity saboda da taro na hydrogen ions a cikin bayani. Wannan results a cikin danniya ciyayi, rage gandun daji girma, da amfanin gona da ake samu, acidification na tabkuna, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar algae da kuma kifi.
• Zubar da sharar gida - sauran saura na raw kayan, Semi-ƙãre kayan samar a cikin tsari na samar da amfani.

Cunkoso duniya tarkace, dauke da cikin abun da ke ciki, mai guba, dauke da kwayar cutar, m kuma flammable abubuwa sa mai girma lahani ga bil'adama da kuma muhalli, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar iska, ciyayi, gona, ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma surface ruwa. A farko bayani ya zubar da sharar gida da incineration kuma landfill. Tare da kara gurbatawa da muhalli da fore da muhalli matakan kawar da wannan matsala - kasawa, sake amfani da yin amfani da low-sharar gida da fasahar zamani, a cikin abin da wani detrimental tasiri a kan yanayi ba ya wuce da jiyar da matakin na kiwon lafiya nagartacce.

Iri duniya matsaloli

Global matsaloli, da na halitta-halitta da kuma zamantakewa a cikin yanayi, shafi cikin bukatun da mutãne duka ne, mai tsanani barazana ta al'ada nan gaba. A matsayin hadaddun da juna tsarin cewa hadawa hadaddun na duk sama da matsaloli, da suka bukatar wani nan da nan bayani tare da aikace-aikace na matsakaicin kokarin dukkan kasashen duniya.

Dangane da halayyar siffofin ne da wadannan iri duniya matsaloli:

• Tsakanin ci gaba da kasashe masu tasowa da kuma kasashen da tattalin arziki a miƙa mulki. A yanke shawara ne da nufin hana rikici da kuma kafa tattalin arziki domin, da adana zaman lafiya, da yaki da talauci, cuta, yunwa, shan kwayoyi.
• Tsakanin yanayi da mutum. A shiri ne da nufin kare muhalli, kariya da kuma rarraba man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa, da ci gaba da tekuna da sararin samaniya, da samar da bil'adama da abinci da makamashi da kuma albarkatun kasa.
• Tsakanin mutum da kuma al'umma. A wannan yanayin, da fari akwai bukatar kiwon lafiya, ilmi, warware matsalar alƙaluma da sauransu.

Global matsaloli na planetary sikelin

The duniya matsaloli na zamani a duniya sun hada da:

• Da barazana da makaman nukiliya yaki, rinjãyarsu wanda shi ne ya shawo kan makamai tseren, Haramta ci gaba da kuma aikace-aikace na makamai da tsarin dangi, da kawar da makaman nukiliya.

• Global ta'addanci da nufin kãmun sabon yankuna da kuma tsoro da yawan jama'a.
• A muhalli rikicin ne staggering adam baki a cikin halitta tafiyar matakai.
• Rashin albarkatun - mai muhimmanci matsala (iri matsaloli cewa wanzu, kamar yadda dacewa, kowane a yadda hanya). A wannan yanayin, da gaggawa bukatar shawo kan rikicin na hulda da mutumin da yanayi, abu don catastrophic sakamakon kamar depletion na halitta albarkatun da wani mataki da gurbacewar muhalli. Dole matakai ne wajen samar da matakan da nufin a tattali amfani da albarkatun kasa da kuma rage pollutants a cikin ƙasa, iska da kuma ruwa.
• Alƙaluma factor ne don rage kudi na yawan girma a raya ƙasashe da kuma kara da lambobi a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.
• Tattalin arziki da al'adu da bambance-bambance tsakanin Tutar da suke zaune a kasashen da suka ci gaba (gabas da yamma) da kuma kasashe na duniya ta uku (Asiya, Afrika, Latin America). A wannan yanayin yana bukatar da aikace-aikace na yunkurin rage da widening rata da kuma kawar da duk duniya tattalin arziki ci baya.
• Kimiyya da fasaha juyin juya halin da ta korau effects, na bukatar wani m da tasiri amfani da da nasarori domin amfanin al'umma da kuma kowane mutum dabam.
• A baza cututtuka (AIDS, cutar Ebola).
• Drug buri, shan barasa da kuma sauran cutarwa halaye. A wannan yanayin, da kokarin da ake bukata domin tura zuwa cin nasara da hali don rage zaman lafiya, da yaki da shan barasa, shan kwayoyi, AIDS, da tarin fuka da sauran cututtuka.