Mawãƙi Taras Shevchenko: biography na mawãƙi

A 2014, Ukraine bikin 200th ranar tunawa da Shevchenko Birthday. A cikin babban waƙen da artist ya zama daya daga cikin kasa heroes of kasar. Taras Shevchenko, wanda biography da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin, yayi kokawa da karkiya daga autocracy da serfdom. Shi ne mai wuya hanya cewa ya sha wahala da yawa. Jefarwa da kuma links - shi ne na kowa al'adar artists wanda ba ya so ya sanya sama da hukumomi. The cikakken raba shi da Taras Shevchenko. Biography of sanannen Ukrainian mawãƙi da artist shaida wannan. Za ka koyi da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin. Kuma lalle ne yarda da gaskiyar cewa mutum mai girma ya mawãƙi Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography tare da hotuna ba ku da wani hango na shi.

Origin da kuma yaranta T. G. Shevchenko

A nan gaba mawãƙi da kuma zane-zane da aka haife Fabrairu 25, 1814, a da. Morintsy Kiev lardin (yanzu da Cherkasy yankin). Mahaifinsa serf suka kasance da mai masauki P. V. Engelgardtu. Taras iyaye koma a tare a 2 shekaru. Kyrylivka. A nan sai ya ciyar da yara nan gaba mawãƙi da kuma zane-zane. A 1823 Taras uwarsa mutu, sai mahaifinta a karo na biyu da aure. Zaba shi ne ya bazawara, wanda ya riga da 'ya'ya uku. Shevchenko ta uba ya mutu a 1825 a lokacin da ya kasance kawai 12 shekaru da haihuwa. Saboda haka ya zama maraya Taras Shevchenko. Tarihinsa da aka alama a wannan lokaci da yawa matsaloli. The yaro ya zuwa rayuwa mai wuya rayuwa rashin gida. Sa'a, da duniya ba tare da mai kyau mutane. Taras rayu farko a sexton-malami, sa'an nan a cikin unguwa na painters. Taras Shevchenko a makaranta Irena koyi karatu da kuma rubuta, da kuma kayan yau da kullum na zane hadu a painters.

A rayuwa na mallaki gidaje Engelhardt

A 1828, ya zama wani bawan mai masauki Engelhardt tare. Vilshany. Taras ya fara scullion, sa'an nan kazachkom. A 1829, ya yi aiki a Vilna, a cikin gidan da maigidan haya, kuma daga baya a St. Petersburg, bayan Engelhardt mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar (shi ya faru a farkon 1831). A mai ƙasa, gano da ikon zana Taras, yanke shawarar aika shi zuwa ga karatu, sa'an nan su sa yaron ta gida na zane-zane. Saboda haka a 1832 ya zo ne domin B. Shiryaev, guild-Masters, Taras Shevchenko. Biography ya ci gaba da sabon mataki na rayuwa. Daya daga cikin zane-zane Shevchenko gabatar a kasa. A aikin da aka kira "Catherine". A hoto da aka fentin a 1842.

Sani da sanannen art

Taras Shevchenko, ziyarci hermitage holidays. A Summer Aljanna ya aka jawo da mutum-mutumi. Taras hadu a nan a 1836 tare da IM Soshenko, Ukrainian artist. Ya gabatar da yaron Grigorovich, sakataren Academy of Arts, kazalika da painters Karl Bryullov da Venetsianov, mawãƙi V. Zhukovsky. Na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin rabo na Taras da wadannan lambobi.

Samun 'yanci

da dama yunkurin kwato Shevchenko daga serfdom aka Kanmu. Gaya mana a takaice game da wasu daga cikinsu. Da farko Masterpieces Engelhardt tafi su yi shawarwari, amma ga wani wadãtar. A mallaki gidaje lalle ne, haƙĩƙa so fansa. Sa'an nan Venetsianov ya tafi da shi zuwa zo wata yarjejeniya a kan farashin. Tarasa Shevchenko sanyaya idãnunsu, kuma so damuwa game da shi irin mashawarta Rasha art. Duk da haka, a sau ya fadi a cikin wani ciki, wani lokacin ma yanke ƙauna. Yaron la'ane ya share, kuma mallaki gidaje tenacity karai shi.

A tarihin kansa, Shevchenko rubuta cewa Zhukovsky, bayan ya amince da Engelhardt, tambayi fenti mai hoto daga shi Bryullova yi wasa da wannan hoto a mai zaman kansa gallery. Masterpieces amince da da ewa ba da hoto da aka shirya. Tare da Vielgorsky Zhukovsky sanya wani irin caca da haka Shevchenko samu 'yanci. A matsayin wata ãyã daga zurfin godiya, cikin girma da girmamawa ga Vasiliyu Andreevichu, ya kishin wannan mawãƙi, daya daga cikin mafi girma da ta shayari ( "Catherine").

Saboda haka, Afrilu 22, 1838 Freedom Shevchenko aka saya 2,500 rubles. A wannan shekara ya sa suna a cikin Academy of Arts. Ga Shevchenko ya zama almajirin K. P. Bryullova.

A heyday na poetic iyawa Shevchenko

A mafi kyau shekaru a rayuwata T. 1840-1847 za a iya daukan (a cikin hoto sama - kai hoto na Shevchenko sanya shi a cikin 1840). A wannan lokaci, ya poetic iyawa blossomed. Biography Tarasa Shevchenka alama da halittar da yawa ƙwarai. A St. Petersburg, a 1840 ya zo na farko tarin waqe na mawãƙi ( "Kobzar"). Ya aza harsashin ga wani sabon zamanin a cikin tarihi na adabi na Ukrainian mutane. "Haydamaky" - mafi babbar aiki na Shevchenko, shi ya bayyana a cikin 1842. Daga cikin sauran manyan ayyukan wannan lokaci za a iya lura a waka a 1838 "Katherine", 1842, "Makafi", 1844 "mediocre" 1845 "Naymichka" da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na 1843 "Nazar Stodolya". Siyasa waka, wanda ya bayyana a wannan lokacin, - "Dream" (1844) da kuma "Caucasus" (1845). Sun soki autocracy, imbued tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci ruhu. Bayyane kira ga kifar da autocracy na mutane da aka bayyana a cikin harkokin siyasa nufin Shevchenko - da waka "Yadda mutu ..." (1845).

Tafiya zuwa Ukraine da su gani a cikin ayyukansu

Taras a watan Mayu 1843 ya tafi zuwa Ukraine. A nan sai ya zauna game da wani shekara. A watan Fabrairu 1844 biography Tarasa Shevchenka alama komawa zuwa St. Petersburg. A cikin bazara na 1845 ya sauke karatu daga Academy of Arts, zama a "babu aji (ie, free), mai zane-zane." Shevchenko sake ya tafi zuwa ga Ukraine. Ya so ya shirya a Kiev. Taras aka aiki a wannan lokaci, a Kiev archaeological Hukumar ta artist. Ya yi tafiya a duk faɗin Ukraine. A juyin juya halin Musulunci bukatun na marubuci kuma mawãƙi, ƙarfafa da alama na tafiya a Chernihiv, Poltava, Kiev lardin. A dukan wuraren da Taras kallo da wuri, manoma. Da aka halicce su a lokacin tafiye-tafiye antiserfdom waqe kunshe a "shekaru uku" album. Taras Shevchenko karanta waɗannan ayyuka ga abokai da kuma acquaintances, kuma ba su sake rubutawa. Duk da yake zargi na St. Petersburg, kuma ko da Belinsky ya yi Allah wadai da bai fahimci Little Rasha adabi da kuma musamman Shevchenko. A cikin shayari, sai suka ga wani kunkuntar provincialism. Duk da haka mahaifarsa nan da nan ta nuna godiya da shi. An nuna wannan ta da dumi maraba Shevchenko a lokacin tafiya, ya aikata ta shi a cikin 1845-47 biennium.

Cyril da Methodius, da kama da gudun hijira

Taras a 1846 shiga wani m Cyril da Methodius. Yana da aka kafa ta dalibai da kuma malaman University of Kiev a marigayi 1845 shi ne al'umma hada da matasa suke da sha'awar a cikin ci gaban da daban-daban Slavic mutane, ciki har da Ukrainian. Tone ta provocateur a watan Afrilu 1847 aka yi wahayi da 'yan sanda. 10 mutane, 'yan aka kama. Suna da ake zargi da shirya wani siyasa al'umma. Dukkan su sun hukunta su ba. Musamman ta samu Shevchenko ga waka da ya halitta ba bisa doka ba. Ya aka aiko zuwa Orenburg yankin karkashin m lura. Bugu da kari, Nicholas I kara da kaina daga kaina cewa Shevchenko ya kamata a haramta wa rubuta da kuma zana. A farko tsanani matsalar Taras hade tare da shan barasa ne a wannan lokaci. Shevchenko binges aka riga da aka sani. A lokacin da gudanar da bincike na asiri jama'a W. Belozersk, daya daga membobinta, Shevchenko barata a cewa ya rubuta waqoqi a Jihar maye, kuma ba su da a lokaci guda tsoro kayayyaki. Amma wadannan karatu ba su da ceto da mawãƙi. Biography Tarasa Grigorovicha Shevchenka an faruwa a nan.

Rayuwa a Orsk sansanin soja, wani ɓangare a cikin balaguro

Taras ya a Orsk sansanin soja, wanda ya hamada backwater. Taras Shevchenko bayan wani lokaci Zhukovsky rubuta wata wasika da wani request domin aikace-aikace a daya kawai - da hakkin ya fenti. Domin Taras a cikin wannan ma'ana da muka kasance aiki Count Tolstoy da Gudovich, amma ba su iya taimaka Shevchenko. Taras Labarai Dubbeltu, shugaban na uku reshe, amma kome ya taimaka. Har da 'yanci, an ba a kawar da haramta wa zana. Duk da haka, wasu ta'aziyya ga artist ya ba da wani bangare a cikin balaguro na 1848-49. to nazarin Aral Sea. Saboda da m magani V. A. Obrucheva da Butakova leftana ya aka yarda ka yi rubbings gida jama'a styles da iri Aral Coast. Total Shevchenko halitta 350 watercolor hotuna da kuma shimfidar. Ya kama da scene wani soja ta rayuwa, da rayuwar da Kazakh mutane. Duk da haka, a St. Petersburg nan ya zama sane da wannan indulgence. Butakov da hoop a kan wani tip samu wani tsawatawa, kuma Taras Shevchenko aka fitar a 1850 a jeji-'yan, a game. Mangyshlak a Novopetrovskoye tsanani ga tabbatarwa. Kuma a nan shi aka tsananin haramta wa fenti.

A shekaru kashe a game. Mangyshlak

Very kalubale ga Taras kasance na farko da shekaru 3 na zauna a nan. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama sauki, godiya sun fi mayar da alheri da na gida Kwamandan Uskov da matarsa, ya ƙaunace ta Taras Shevchenko ga abin da aka makala don 'ya'yansu da kuma m yanayi. Shevchenko ya zauna a bariki, ko da yake daya jami'in shawarar Tarasu Grigorevichu zaune a cikin Apartment. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin mafi wuya shekaru ban rasa zuciya mawãƙi Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, wanda biography ne alama ta wani iri-iri wuya gwaji da cewa ya fadi wa da yawa. Ya yi kokari ya maye gurbin haramta zanen moldings da kuma dauki up daukar hoto, abin da yake, a hanya, shi ne tsada sosai zama a lokacin.

kebewa Shevchenko

A 1857, ya karshe an saki Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography of mawãƙi da artist, tabbas, dã mun kasance daban-daban idan ba domin da yawa ro FP ga shi Tolstoy da matarsa, {ungiyar AI, Lokacin farin ciki. Shevchenko ya zauna a Novopetrovskaya ƙarfafa a watan Oktoba 17, 1850 zuwa Agusta 2, 1857. Ya aka saki bayan mutuwar Nicholas I.

Rayuwa a St. Petersburg, ci gaban da juyin juya halin Musulunci jin zuciya a cikin ayyukansu

Long da wuya ya dawo daga gudun hijira daga Taras. Ya aka tsare a Nizhny Novgorod, dakatar daga shiga cikin biyu dajiya. Abokai, duk da haka, sanya Shevchenko izinin shirya a St. Petersburg. Ya zo a nan a cikin bazara na 1858 nan da mawãƙi da artist abokai tare da mawallafa na "Littafi", kazalika da da NA Dobrolyubov, NG Chernyshevsky, ML Mikhailov, NA Nekrasov, AN Ostrowski et al. Har ma fiye da fushi da kuma harsh rubutu busa a cikin satire. Uku reshe na sabon kafa m dubawa na mawãƙi ne. Shevchenko ya kasance a cikin hijira saboda shekaru goma, daga Yuni 1847 zuwa Agusta 1857. Duk da haka, wannan bai karya da nufin mawãƙi kuma bai canza neman sauyi yarda dasu. Poems kuma Poems "bawa Muse" (don haka ya kira Shevchenko ayyukansa, wanda aka halicce su a cikin zaman gudun hijira da kuma boye a lokacin bincike) ne halin da ci gaban da juyin juya halin Musulunci jin zuciya. A tofin mawãƙi zãlunci, zãlunci, da kuma kira zuwa ga tashin hankali tare da su sauti a "Sarakuna" zagayowar a 1848. A lokacin da ya yi hijira Shevchenko kuma Ya halitta idon basira labari da aka rubuta a Rasha. Wannan "gimbiya" a 1853, "Mawaki" a 1854-1855., Works 1855 "Gemini", "da Marechale," "m" da kuma 1856 "The Artist". Dukan su dauke da wani yawa na bayani daga biography marubucin, imbued tare da sentiments na serfdom.

Duk da haka, da wuya shekaru ciyar a zaman talala, kazalika da rage darajar shan barasa gurgunta da kiwon lafiya na Shevchenko da kuma raunana da basira. Unsuccessfully kawo karshen yunkurin haifar da iyali (actress Riunova, baƙauye Lusha da Harith). Har zuwa karshen zamaninsa ya zauna shi kadai Taras Shevchenko. Brief biography kamata ba rufe cikakken sirri rayuwa, amma a karshe ƙoƙari na aure Shevchenko mu ce daban a kasa.

Makõma take, wani sabon kama da na karshe yan shekaru a St. Petersburg

Shevchenko ya kasance a Petersburg dogon, daga Maris 1858 har Yuli 1859. Daga nan ya tafi da baya zuwa ga mahaifarsa. A Taras da wani ra'ayin saya qasaita yake kallon Dnieper. Ya zaɓi wani kyakkyawan wuri a kan tudun Chernecha. Duk da haka, Shevchenko aka ba ƙaddara ta rayu a nan. Wata rana, ya karanta a cikin wanda ba a sani kamfanin da ya waqe, da kuma gida shugaban 'yan sanda nan da nan sanar da gwamnan, cewa Shevchenko ya yaki da hukumomi. Taras aka kama a sake, umurce su da su bar kasar da kuma komawa zuwa St. Petersburg a karkashin kulawa na uku reshe. A takaice biography na Taras Shevchenko ba ka damar ƙetare cikakken bayani game da rayuwa a St. Petersburg, kamar yadda wannan lokaci ya ba mai dausayi a gare shi. Shevchenko, shagala da yawa m da kuma wallafe-wallafen idon sani, 'yan kusantar da fentin a' yan shekarun nan. Kusan duk free of abincin dare jam'iyyun da kuma cin abinci da ya yi kyauta kwarzana, sabon ga sha'awa. Sa'an nan Shevchenko ma ya zama wani Academician na engraving a kan tagulla. Wannan lambar yabo da ya samu a 1860.

The latest ƙoƙari aure

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Taras Shevchenko yara yawanci omits wannan batu, amma da 1860 ya shafi latest ƙoƙari aure Shevchenko. By da zafi na wannan shekara, ya kasance a St. Petersburg, daya - duk abokai Shevchenko tafi. Saboda haka musamman sa samun abinci ji Loneliness. da hankali Lukerya Polusmakova, serf yarinya. Shevchenko ya fara sau da yawa ganin ta. Lusha ya m, kuma mafi m fiye da Dovgopolenkova Harith, wani manomi, wanda da zarar kwashe mawãƙi ne. Zai yiwu shi ya fi tricky. Ta ya iya ganin cewa Taras - m turuzu. Ta, ba tare da jinkirin, Ya karɓi shawara. Lusha da Taras kasance quite dogon amarya da ango, amma bayan wani lokaci akwai wani rata. Ta haddasawa zama m, a matsayin koyaswarsa hidima L. Polusmakovoy.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa

Mawãƙi Taras Shevchenko, wanda biography an riga zuwa ga ƙarshe, ya gana da farkon 1861 tsanani da rashin lafiya (a cuta daga cikin zuciya, hanta, dropsy, rheumatism). Duk da haka, shi ne na karshe da bege ga wani magani. A haruffa zuwa da Bartalamawas, da na biyu dan uwan, ya rubuta cewa a cikin spring zai zo Ukraine da kuma a gida tabbata warke. Duk da haka, Fabrairu 26, 1861, da rana da aka haife shi, Shevchenko ya mutu a St. Petersburg. Kabari kuma Museum of T. G. Shevchenko a Kanev (Ukraine) a yau ne daya daga cikin mafi girmama shafukan for Little Rasha mutane.

Amma ba kawai a cikin Ukraine, su girmama wannan babban mutum. Biography of Taras Shevchenko a Rasha ko da yake ba a hada a cikin makaranta manhaja for adabi a Rasha, amma mutuntakarsa, kazalika da kerawa, da kuma a kasar mu ne Popular. Sunansa shi ne saba wa da yawa daga cikin mu. Daya daga cikin mafi girma da mutane a Ukraine da aka dauke su Taras Shevchenko. CV a Rasha wannan mawãƙi lalle sha'awar da yawa daga gare ku.