Mene ne furanni? Sunayen lambu furanni. Biology: furanni (tsarin)

flowering sashen ne babban aji na shuke-shuke da cewa samar da cikin rayuwarsa taqaitaccen musamman modified harbe - furanni. Ya bambanta da vegetative gabobin (Tushen, ganye da kuma harbe), su, tare da tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa, yi da muhimmanci generative aiki. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a 'yan tsanani batutuwa, ciki har da tsarin da flower da babba sassa na aiki. Za mu tattauna abin da suke da furanni, suna classified kuma bambanta da juna.

Biology: furanni. Tsarin da kuma aiki na kara

A yanayi, akwai babban launuka iri-iri, daban-daban daga juna tsarin, launi da kuma size. Kowace daga cikinsu na da kyau a yadda ya hanya. Masana kimiyyar halitta la'akari da flower a matsayin wani hadadden sashin jiki zama dole don iri haifuwa. A general sharuddan, shi kunshi sassa uku:

• kara (matattarã, pedicel).
• faranti (petals, sepals).
• generative (pistil (s), stamens).

A flower ne a haɗe zuwa saman gudun hijira tare da taimakon da peduncle - musamman elongated organelle, da ci gaba da kara.

A furanni na wasu tsire-tsire kamar sunflower, masara, Willow, plantain, Clover flower zangarniya wuya m saboda su karfi rage. A matattarã shafukan - babba, fadi ɓangare na flower zangarniya - shirya calyx, stamens pistils kuma corolla (daya ko dama). Matattarã iya zama daban-daban masu girma dabam, kuma yana da daban-daban siffar - convex (rasberi), lebur (camomile), concave (rosehips, cherries) ko elongated (avens).

Sheet na flower

Calyx ne a jiki ya kunshi reshaped ganye (sepals). Its main aiki ne don kare ciki sassa na wani flower kafin blooming buds. Calyx razdelnolistnoy iya zama ko dai (idan sepals rabu da juna) ko gamophyllous (idan suna Fused). Corolla ne mafi m, wani shahararren ɓangare na flower. Ya kunshi petals daga furanni da cewa daban-daban shuke-shuke iya bambanta ƙwarai a cikin siffar (tubular, kararrawa-dimbin yawa, juya, da kuma mazurari al.) Kuma canza launi. Babban ayyuka na Pavilion - kariya ta pistil da stamens daga m muhalli da yanayi da kuma jawo hankalin kwari hure. Corolla da calyx na flower up inuwõyi, wanda ake kira perianth. Yana iya zama mai sauki, da ya kunshi irin wannan free intergrows ko ganye, ko hadaddun, a fili bambanta a cikin corolla da calyx, abin da ya bambanta muhimmanci daga juna a size da kuma launi. Simple perianth ne samuwa ga Lily na kwarin da tulips, da kuma hadadden - kararrawa, carnations, petunias da cherries. Akwai furanni da kuma gaba daya bã tãre da ya ce kashi, aka kira su tsirara (Willow, ash). Yanzu da ka san abin da su ne furanni daga cikin ra'ayi da tsarin da corolla kuma calyx. Next, za mu gaya game da gabobin da flower, ɗauke da haihuwa aiki.

Generative ɓangare na flower

Stamens da kuma pistils - mafi muhimmanci sassa na wani flower. Su ne a cikin cibiyar. Stamens ana shirya a daya ko fiye da'ira a kusa da ciki baki perianth kuma kunshi filaments da anther a wadda pollen aka samar. Pistil kunshi 3 sassa: shafi, stigma da kwai. A karshen dauke da ovules, wanda ya bayyana bayan hadi da iri. Mai shuke-shuke da pistil da stamens da dama - daga uku da ɗari. Suna da ake kira bisexual. Wasu launuka, kamar a Cannes, akwai daya kawai stamen. Akwai shuke-shuke da suke ba ko dai stamens ko pistils. Wadannan sune ake kira jinsi daya - staminate ko pistillate. Wasu launuka kamar cornflower da sunflower a general akwai ba daya ba kuma sauran jiki. Saboda haka aka kira su asexual. Mene ne launuka a cikin wannan hali? The shuke-shuke da cewa lokaci guda suna da duka staminate da pistillate furanni suna kira monoecious. Wakilai na wannan kungiyar ne kabewa, itacen oak, kokwamba, masara. Idan namiji da mace furanni ne a kan wasu mutane daban (lokutta), da shuke-shuke, an kira iri guda ba. Misalai na irin wannan ne Willow, poplar, teku-buckthorn.

A launuka iri-iri

Duk da cewa daban-daban na shuke-shuke modified harbe, yi da generative ayyuka, suna da irin wannan tsarin, a fili za su iya bambanta ƙwarai. Su size iya bambanta daga wata millimeter (y duckweeds) da kuma har zuwa daya mita a diamita. Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa jinsunan Flora ne na wurare masu zafi Rafflesia. Yana yana cikin mafi girma da furanni a duniya, wanda emit a m wari da Rotting nama. Sauran shuke-shuke, kamar lambu Jasmine, fure, Lily na kwari, exude mai dadi ƙanshi. Wannan m, dadi wari ne ya sa ta musamman muhimmanci mai, wanda aka kafa a sel da epidermal Layer na petals da perianth. A furanni na dama shuke-shuke suna dauke da musamman kyakkyawa da ba mutane ado da yardarSa. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau furanni zaton tashi da orchid.

kala da petals

Bari mu dubi abin da su ne flower launi. Shade na petals sa ba kawai chromoplasts, amma kuma musamman dyes - pigments cell sap. Alal misali, anthocyanin kayyade ruwan hoda, ja, blue ko Violet launi corolla antofein - launin ruwan kasa, carotenoids - rawaya, ja da orange, da dai sauransu sha'awa, da kunnen fure launi iya canza a lokacin da rana -., Dangane da acidity na cell sap. Alal misali, da furanni da shuka Victoria amazonica canji launi daga kashe-fari zuwa ruwan hoda, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ja.
White kunnen fure launi (misali, ceri, furannin bi-rana, apple) ƙaddara da rashi na pigments da tunani na haske haskoki. Shin akwai baki? A'a, wannan ba wani pigment a cikin petals. Duhu launi ne duhu purple cikakken ko takaice Maroon tabarau.

Wildflowers

Akwai game da rabin miliyan daban-daban na gandun daji da kuma filin shuke-shuke. Amma kawai 290 daga cikinsu sun bayyana, da kuma samu da sunan. Tun zamanin da, daji furanni (photo nuna su bambancin) da aka yi amfani da don samar da medicaments. Kuma ba mamaki, tunda haka da yawa daga cikinsu suna da warkar Properties. A mafi fice wakilan ne: cornflower, daisy, poppy, karrarawa, dandelions, violets, manta-ni. Cornflowers - wannan sigar musamman kyawawan furanni a mai haske blue. Su sau da yawa girma a cikin gonakin alkama. Field poppies tsaya daga gare su arziki ja, "wuta" petals. Found tare gefen titi, wõfintattu kuri'a, amma shi ne musamman na kowa a cikin matakan. Field chamomile yana da wani kyakkyawan flower tare da rawaya da fari shugaban petals. Chamomile yadu a yi amfani da magani daga cututtuka da dama, ciki har da magani na hanji, hanta, makogwaro kuma baka rami.

Forest furanni. Abin da launi ne snowdrops?

Cikin shahararrun furanni girma a cikin gandun daji, sune Anemone, St. John wort, furannin bi-rana, snowdrops, kowa zobo da sauransu. Kyaunsu bar babu wanda sha'aninsu dabam. Amma mafi m na dukan bambancin da gandun daji flower mulki ne a snowdrop. Ya fara bayyana a cikin thawed, mike daga narkewa dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma alama ce ta zuwan spring. Kada ka san abin da launi ne snowdrops?

Mafi sau da yawa, wadannan m primroses da fari kararrawa-dimbin yawa petals. Amma akwai wani kodadde blue, da kuma ko blue. HALITTAR snowdrops hada game da biyu da dozin jinsunan, mafi kyau a gare su suna dauke Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Elvis, Caucasian da sauransu. Suna girma kamar a cikin penumbra, a karkashin alfarwa bishiyoyi da kuma shrubs.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da gandun daji da tsire-tsire da aka dauke su St. John wort. Koyi da shi zai iya zama a kan branched mai tushe da kuma ovate-oblong takardar da ciwon m surface. Wannan herbaceous perennial furanni ne mai haske rawaya. St. John wort da ake amfani a magani a matsayin anti-mai kumburi, antimicrobial da hemostatic wakili.

Beautiful lambu furanni

Lambu da furanni - babban rukuni na ornamental shuke-shuke, wanda aka tsara don ado rayuwarmu da kuma ennoble gonakin. Su za a iya classified bisa ga wasu sigogi. Alal misali, cikin lambu furanni sukan kasu kashi uku subgroups - annuals, biennials da kuma Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. By da unpretentious kuma a lokaci guda mai haske da kuma kyau annuals an dauke su a pansy, marigold (calendula), alyssum, nasturtium. Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana - wani ado da furanni da cewa riƙe su da kyau kwarai Properties for shekaru da dama. Su ne manufa domin wani lambu, shi ba ya bukatar shekara-shekara dasawa da kuma tsanani kulawa. Mene ne furanni? Sunayen da suka fi shahara Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana ne kamar haka :. Astilbe, ya tashi, peony, saxifrage, daylily, campion, crocus, daffodil, Tulip, da dai sauransu A mafi yawan sanannun perennial amfanin gona, suna dauke daisies, Viola, Turkish furen karnesha, foxglove, hollyhock, da dai sauransu ..