Mene ne humus? Mene ne humus ƙasa: abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin takin

Tare da wannan ra'ayi yana da fuska mai yawa mutane, amma ba kowa da kowa ya san abin da humus. Fassara daga Latin "humus" na nufin "duniya", "ƙasa", kuma shi ne babban kwayoyin abu dauke da na gina jiki da suke da muhimmanci ga shuke-shuke.

Humic abubuwa ma ciki musamman kungiyar na sinadaran mahadi halayyar duniya ƙasa cover, watau, suna takamaiman kawai ga ƙasa. Lalle, wancan ne humus, shi ne a yanzu bayyanannu, kuma da abin da yake duba? Sharan daga shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da microbes a sakamakon cudanya tare da daban-daban aka gyara na da muhalli.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na humus ne wajen rikitarwa. An halin a duhu launi, wanda shi ne ba ya nan a tsire-tsire. A abun da ke ciki ya hada da mai matukar muhimmanci da humus humic acid dauke da wani yawa na carbon (game da 60%), oxygen (game da 35%), nitrogen (talakawan 5%), phosphorus, sulfur, da baƙin ƙarfe, da sauransu. Bisa ta gabatar ba, shi ya bi daya more amsar tambayar cewa ne humus. Humus - wani lokaci hadawa babbar hadaddun sunadarai dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki da kwayoyin rabo (humic da fulvic acid), inorganic mahadi (sinadaran abubuwa da ciwon wani inorganic asalin, ko a cikin wasu kalmomi, da ma'adanai, wanda suna cikin humates da fulvates). Amma wannan yanzu magana a more daki-daki.

Kamar yadda aka kafa humus?

Tare da manufar humus ka hadu da wadannan bude tambaya ya zauna da cewa shi ne humus ƙasa, da kuma yadda aka samar? Humus ƙasa - ba kõme ba sai a sharar gida samfurin na daban-daban kwayoyin, musamman earthworm. Kan aiwatar da samuwar humus ne m.

Ciyayi, rayuwa kayayyakin na dabba carcasses - duk wannan shi ne abinci ga kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Wasu na shi amenable mineralization, da kuma wani - biochemical enzymatic ƙasƙanci da hadawan abu da iskar shaka (humification), a lokacin da kira na gudanar da mahadi, kuma humus aka kafa. Humus ne Marinjãyi a cikinta, kazalika da humic acid, wanda ake ƙarshe tuba, sakamakon oxidized zuwa carbon dioxide da water. Yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa hanyar da canji na humus - mineralization ko humification - dogara kai tsaye kan ƙasa da kuma yanayin damina. A wani fairly dumi da kuma gumi canjin yanayin da, da hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari ya faru sosai da sauri, da kuma kusan dukan zuriyar dabbobi mineralized ciyayi da cewa ba ya tara a cikin ƙasa humus. A sanyi canjin yanayin canji zuriyar dabbobi bit jinkiri, da kuma lambar ne kananan, sakamakon kananan ƙasa humus abun ciki. Mafi kyau duka domin humification ne matsakaici canjin yanayin ba tare da waterlogging.

Saboda haka, daga sama ba za mu iya zana da ya dace karshe:

1. don samun mai kyau girbi, da shuka kawai yana bukatar carbon dioxide.
2. carbon dioxide a cikin ƙasa, yawanci kafa ta bazuwar na dabba da ake dasu shuka sharan hulda da daban-daban aka gyara daga cikin yanayi (kwayoyin, kwari, tsutsotsi, fungi, da dai sauransu).
3. sake yin fa'ida kwayoyin sharan na shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da microbes da kuma siffar humus humus, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin bangaren da ƙasa haihuwa.

ayyuka na humus

1. Jiki aiki. Ya Halicci karfi ƙasa tsarin, game da shi, samar da wani m wurare dabam dabam na ruwa da ake bukata iska zafin jiki da kuma qaddara mai kyau girma na tushen a cikin ƙasa. Humus kuma taimaka wa bada jituwar haske kasa da kuma ƙasa loosening m.
2. Chemical aiki. Shi ne mai girma da ɗakunan ajiya na gina jiki. A sakamakon daban-daban kwayoyin humus decomposes da lokaci (mineralization tsari), sakamakon a saki daga cikin fursuna a wani nitrogen a cikinta, phosphorus, potassium da sauran abubuwa.
3. A nazarin halittu aiki. Humus halitta sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaba da kuma karfafa kokarin da daban-daban kwayoyin.

daban na humus

• Mor (humus podzolic ƙasa). Humus irin wannan ne sosai m, dauke da wani babban adadin detritus, forming wani low nazarin halittu aiki a acidic yanayin da dauki yanayi.
• Moder (humus sod-podzolic ƙasa), wanda aka kafa a tsakiyar nazarin halittu aiki a karkashin acidic dauki matsakaici da kuma raunana interactions da ma'adinai gona.
• Mullen (chernozem Humus) kafa a sosai high nazarin halittu aiki a karkashin tsaka tsaki dauki matsakaici, rayayye interacts tare da ma'adinai kasa.
• Anmoor (humus sod-gley ƙasa), wanda aka kafa a cikin wani wucin gadi wetland kasa.
• Aligotrofny peat, wanda shi ne "matalauta a humus" bogs.
• A karshe irin - eutrofny peat, wanda shi ne "mai arziki a cikin humus" fens.

Ma'ana na humus a ƙasa haihuwa

Humus ne rayayye da hannu a aiwatar da ƙasa samuwar. Ya taka mafi muhimmiyar rawa kai tsaye a cikin samuwar na kasar gona profile. Humus taimaka wa bonding na kasar gona barbashi cikin aggregates (lumps), shi halitta mai muhimmanci agronomic tsarin da kuma m domin shuka rayuwa jiki Properties na gona. Ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwan gina jiki ga shuke-shuke da daban-daban alama abubuwa da zama samuwa ga shuka bayan mineralization tsari.

Humic abubuwa ne abinci ga ƙasa kwayoyin. Da abun ciki na humus a cikin ƙasa dogara da tsanani da daban-daban da kuma sinadaran nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai da suka haddasa jari na abubuwa wajibi ne ga shuke-shuke. Humus kuma taimaka wa ba da ƙasa a duhu launi, ta haka ƙasar mafi garwaya da makamashin hasken rana.

A abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin humus

Wannan taki ne mai hadaddun tsauri hadaddun kwayoyin mahadi wanda aka kafa a lokacin bazuwar na daban-daban Organic sharan.

A cikin abun da ke ciki na kasar gona humus ne mai yiwuwa a ware wani rabõ yankakke (kamar 90%) wanda ya kunshi humic abubuwa da kuma wadanda ba rabõ yankakke (sauran) wanda ya kunshi negumifitsirovannyh kwayoyin abubuwa. Ƙasa humic abubuwa, bi da bi, ya gabatar:

• humic acid - high kwayoyin nauyi nitrogen-dauke da kwayoyin mahadi ciwon cyclic tsarin, ba narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma acid, amma narkewa a cikin rauni alkalis, na humic acid hada da hydrocarbons (kamar 50%), hydrogen (5%), oxygen (40%), nitrogen (5%).
• humates, kafa da hulda da humic acid tare da ma'adinai kasa; alkaline humates ne sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa, sa'an nan ya kafa colloidal mafita. humates kamar alli da magnesium ba narkewa a cikin ruwa nau'i mai ruwa-resistant tsarin.
• fulvic acid - high kwayoyin nauyi nitrogen-dauke da Organic acid narkewa a cikin ruwa, daban-daban acid da alkaline mafita, a Bugu da kari, su ne narkewa a cikin wasu kwayoyin kaushi. fulvic acid ne a cikin carbon, hydrogen, oxygen da kuma nitrogen, shi ne ma daraja ambata cewa wadannan acid da taimako zuwa ga aiki halakar ma'adinai gona.

Ma'ana humus ga shuke-shuke

Duk da isa yabo na humic abubuwa ne har yanzu ba a sani ba, don haka wadannan su ne kawai da babban wadanda, matabbata a cikin ka'idar da yi.

Saboda haka, humus - wani taki cewa ya inganta:

1. ta da numfasawa na shuke-shuke ko a m karancin iskar oxygen.
2. inganta ingancin kayayyakin gona.
3. inganta photosynthesis, ta na ayyuka na enzymes cewa an kai tsaye alaka da photosynthetic dauki.
4. accelerating kai da kuma wurare dabam dabam na gina jiki nan da nan ciki da shuka.
5. girma da kuma ci gaban da tsire-tsire.
6. Kira rutin da koda ci gaban;
7. tsirar zuwa waje illa.
8. samuwar barga mahadi da karafa, da sha na phosphate, nitrate da kuma waɗansu da yawa.
9. acidity karuwa a kan tushen saman.
10. kara shuka juriya ga ayyuka na kashe qwari da kuma herbicides, rage jari na su a karshe samfur.

A amfani da humic abubuwa a magani

Bisa ga sakamakon daban-daban gwaje-gwaje gudanar pharmacology su gane abin da humus, kwayoyi, wadda ake bisa hada humic abubuwa za a iya amfani da mu sau adam da dabbobi magani a matsayin maras takamaiman kwayoyi da bunkasa jiki ta juriya da sakamakon daban-daban hadura.

Medical kwayoyi bisa humic abubuwa data yau riga ya wanzu a kasuwa. Suna na rayayye yi amfani da magani na sciatica siffofin daban-daban na cututtuka daga cikin kunnuwa da hanci, pharyngitis, rhinitis, amosanin gabbai, amosanin gabbai, arthrosis da yawa da sauran cututtuka. A amfani da wadannan kwayoyi ne cewa su ne wadanda ba mai guba.

Asirai na humic abubuwa

Wannan ya zo a ma'ana ƙarshe daga cikin labarin cewa shi ne humus ƙasa a da samuwar, Properties, kuma ayyuka. Abinda ina so in ƙara, yana da 'yan kalmomi game da asirai na humic abubuwa. Kamar yadda shi ne da sani, ba su da peculiar to akai sinadaran abun da ke ciki, ba su da wani takamaiman kwayoyin nauyi da kuma akai guda launi. Humic abubuwa har yanzu ana karatu da chemists, ƙasa masana kimiyya, hydrobiologists, likitoci, pharmacists, domin bayyana duk asirai da aka adana a cikin su, abin da aka yi hasashen zai warware da yawa more.