Mene ne Interphase, ko mafi muhimmanci na cell sake zagayowar

Mene ne Interphase? Da kalmar da aka samu daga kalmar Latin "Inter" na nufin "tsakanin" da kuma Greek "Phasis" - lokaci. Wannan shi ne wani mawuyacin lokacin a lokacin da cell ke tsirarwa, kuma accumulates gina jiki a cikin shiri domin na gaba rabo. Interphase bautarka mafi daga cikin cell sake zagayowar, da kuma 90% na dukkan rayuwa Kwayoyin da dama a kan shi.

Mene ne Interphase

Matsayin mai mulkin, mafi yawan aka gyara na sel gina up a ko'ina cikin lokaci, don haka ware shi da wasu mutum, saukarwa ne wuya. Duk da haka masana halitta Interphase zuwa kashi uku sassa, ana shiryar da a kan kwafi na deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a cikin cell tsakiya.

Lokaci na Interphase: Phase G (1), lokaci S, lokaci G (2). Presynthetic lokaci (G1), wanda sunansa ya zo daga English GAP, fassara a matsayin "tazara", zai fara nan da nan bayan da division. Shi ne mai matukar dogon lokaci, zaunanniya daga goma hours zuwa kwanaki da dama. A lokacin da ya jari na abubuwa da shirye-shirye domin cire tallafin kayyade material: shi zai fara kira na RNA, samar da zama dole sunadaran.

Mene ne Interphase a karshe zamani? A presynthetic lokaci na wani girma yawan ribosomes, kara surface yankin na kausasa endoplasmic reticulum da mitochondria bayyana sabon. Cell, cinyewa makamashi mai yawa da aka girma cikin sauri.

Bambancin Kwayoyin ba da da yiwuwar raba, suna a cikin shimfi lokaci kira G0.

Babban tsawon Interphase

Ko da abin da matakai faruwa a cell a Interphase, kowane daga cikin subphases da muhimmanci ga general shiri domin mitosis. Duk da haka, da roba lokaci za a iya kira wani juyo, domin shi ne a lokacin da ya ninka chromosomes da kuma fara nan da nan shirye-shirye zuwa raba. RNA ya ci gaba da za a hada ba, amma nan da nan guda biyu tare da sunadarai na chromosomes, DNA kwafi farawa.

Interphase Kwayoyin a cikin wannan ɓangare yana shida zuwa goma hours. A sakamakon haka, kowace daga cikin chromosomes riga ninki biyu, kuma ya kunshi wata biyu daga 'yar'uwar chromatids, wanda sa'an nan diverge daga sandunan da mitotic dogara sanda. A roba lokaci, da centrioles ana ninka idan sun kasance, ba shakka, a cikin wani keji. A wannan lokacin, da chromosomes za a iya gani a karkashin wani hange.

uku lokaci

Chromatids ne genetically daidai da wannan, kamar yadda daya daga cikinsu - da iyaye, da kuma na biyu - replicated amfani da Manzo RNA.

Da zaran akwai cikakken cire tallafin jimlar kayyade kayan fara postsynthetic lokaci kafin division. Wannan ne bi da samuwar microtubules daga wanda za a kafa daga baya division dogara sanda da kuma chromatids zai diverge daga sandunan. Har ila yau adana makamashi, saboda a lokacin mitosis kira na gina jiki da an rage. Duration postsynthetic lokaci ne low, yawanci kawai yana ga 'yan sa'o'i.

wuraren binciken ababen hawa

A lokacin da cell sake zagayowar da cell dole tafi, ta hanyar wani irin breakpoints - muhimmanci "alama", bayan da ta motsa zuwa wani mataki. Idan saboda wasu dalilai Kwayoyin iya ba da wani shingen bincike, duk da Tashoshi da cell sake zagayowar, da kuma na gaba lokaci ba zai fara, har irin wannan lokaci har aka shafe ta da matsala da cewa ya hana a bi ta cikin shingen bincike.

Akwai hudu babban maki, mafi yawan abin da su ne kawai a ke dubawa. A farko iko batu a cikin cell wuce presynthetic lokaci, a lokacin da shi ne m DNA rajistan shiga. Idan duk abin da yake daidai, to, shi zai fara roba lokaci. Yana sulhu batu - shi ne don duba daidaito na DNA kwafi. Zanga-zanga a postsynthetic lokaci - yake duba ga lalacewa ko omissions a cikin biyu baya da maki. A wannan lokaci ma bari to abin da har kwafi ya faru da kuma Kwayoyin. Kada wuce wannan gwajin ba a yarda su mitosis.

Matsaloli a Interphase

Rushewa daga cikin cell sake zagayowar iya kai ba kawai ga rashin cin nasara a mitosis, amma kuma ga samuwar m siffofin maruran. Haka kuma, shi ne daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da su aukuwa. Average lokacin kowane lokaci, duk da haka short cewa zai iya zama, ta kayyade nasara kammala m, saukarwa da babu matsaloli. Ƙari Kwayoyin suna da canje-canje a cikin cell sake zagayowar zanga-zanga.

Alal misali, a cikin cell da lalace DNA kira ba ya faruwa a lokacin Interphase. Akwai maye gurbi cewa haifar da asarar ko canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittu na p53 gina jiki. A Kwayoyin babu blockage na cell sake zagayowar da mitosis fara da wuri. A sakamakon irin wannan laifinsu zama manyan yawan mutant Kwayoyin, mafi yawan abin da ba mai yiwuwa. Duk da haka, da waɗanda za su iya aiki, ba Yunƙurin ga m Kwayoyin, wanda za a iya raba sosai da sauri saboda da rage ko babu wani lokaci da hutawa. Halaye na Interphase taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa m marurai hada da mutant Kwayoyin suna iya raba haka hanzari.

A tsawon lokaci na Interphase

Ga 'yan misalai na yadda da yawa fiye da a cikin rayuwa na cell daukan Interphase lokaci, idan aka kwatanta da mitosis. A epithelium na kananan hanji na beraye talakawa "kyaun lokaci" daukan akalla sa'a goma sha biyu, da kuma ya mitosis yana daga minti 30 zuwa awa daya. Kwayoyin da ke cikin kashin baya horsebean raba kowane 25 hours, kuma M lokaci (mitosis) yana na kimanin awa daya.

Mene ne Interphase zuwa cell aiki? Wannan shi ne wani mawuyacin lokacin, ba tare da wanda dã ya kasance ba zai yiwu ba ba kawai mitosis, amma kuma cell aiki a matsayin dukan.