Mene ne matsara? Ma'anar kalmomi da ma'ana

Dare, girmamawa karfafa, kauri, maras tsayawa, a kan kafar ... Yana yiwuwa don canja wurin illa ma sha Allahu. Amma idan ta taimaka wajen gane abin da matsara? Ã'a ba fiye da a. Saboda haka shi ne mafi alhẽri nemi taimako daga m kamus ...

kai tsaye darajar

Mene ne matsara? Da farko, wannan kalma. Morphological bincike ya nuna cewa biyu da suna da shi ya bambanta da wadannan siffofin: na kowa suna, matattun, namiji na biyu declension. Bugu da kari, da lexical naúrar yana ba daya amma da dama ma'ana. Kamar yadda da wasu Multi-darajar kalmomi "taimako", yana da kai tsaye da kuma šaukuwa darajar. Bari mu ga farko daya. Our saman na hannun daman wadannan tunani ayyukansu sun a kan wannan batu: "Bayani Dictionary of Rasha Harshe" edited by V. Dahl, "New Dictionary of Rasha harshe. HIKIMA-derivation ", edited by Ifraimu TF da kuma" Dictionary of Rasha harshen, "mawallafa Ozhegov S. I. Shvedova N. Yu.

Saboda haka, wannan tambaya, abin da yake mai tsaro data-Masana harshe, masu bincike amsa uniquely tare da qananan gyara: matsara, wani m kungiyar da aka kafa don kare wani abu ko kowa. Da ma'anar "tsarħwa" "matsara" amfani da haduwa kamar "matsara Garrison," ba su "girma matsara", "Canza matsara", "kafa matsara" da sauransu.

secondary dabi'u

Ma'ana da kalmomi da suka tashi a kan tushen da asali kira šaukuwa. Bude da ƙamus da kuma samun cewa mai tsaro a karkashin lambar "biyu" - wajibi gadi, wajibi matsayi. Da ma'anar "post", "matsara" da aka yi amfani da wadannan sharuddan: "ya dauki wani karkashin matsara", "kai matsara", "tsaya a kan tsare".

Duk da haka, akwai tamanin da adadi "uku" - da wurin zama na masu gadi. A Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina akwai Lines a kan batun: "Da kyau freezes a cikin farati, kuma bask faruwa ga taƙawa." A cikin bukatun da mu alama canja wurin suna daga daya batu zuwa wani faru a kan tushen da kama, watau metaphorical canja wuri, da kuma adjacency - metonymic alama da ma'anar.

Cry taimako

Rasha marubuci Sergei Lukyanenko, mu na zamani, ya ce irin wannan magana: "Akwai wani nau'i ne na duhu da 'yanci wanda ta' yanta mutumin, na farko, daga kansa, daga kansa lamiri. Idan ka ji komai a ciki, da kuma wani rashi na zafi, ihu "Help!", Ko da yake ya yi latti zama .... " Irin wani Scream? Sai dai itace cewa a duk kamus da kuma darajar karkashin "hudu" lamba - kuka, wata matsananciyar kira, kira ga taimako. Wannan abin da ya nufi da mawallafin.

asalin

Token "gadi" (ma'anar kalmar ya zama a kan) - ba 'yan qasar-Rasha. An aro daga Turkic da Mongolian harsuna, wanda su ne a gaskiya a hankali alaka. Rasha Sergey masanin ilimin harsuna Anatolevich Starostin bayar da hujjar cewa masomin kamata a yi la'akari da Mongolian harshe, ko da yake yana yiwuwa da kuma komawa wajen samo. A wasu kalmomin, da farko Mongolian alama "kara", "kara" (view) shige zuwa cikin Turkiyya "kara" (view), sa'an nan aka canza kama zuwa wani "matsara" (kewaye iri na agogo) da kuma sake ƙetare kan iyaka zuwa cikin mangolawa a cikin wannan tsari.

Lexical abubuwa daga cikin Turks "Karak" - idanu, "Kara, karys, Kara" - duba, zuba ido, kallon, kula, ba shakka, yana da tasiri a kan m canji na kalma. A ba da bayanai ne daga "Indo-Turai etymological kamus", halitta a kan tushen da bincike Starostina S. A. "Tower of Babel".

A dangantawa zuwa ga kalma "Wayyo!"

Kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, da karatu lexical naúrar ne a Multi-mai daraja naúrar na harshe. Saboda haka, domin kowane darajar yana da ma'ana. Kafin jeri su, kana bukatar ka tuna abin da wani dangantawa.

A harsuna, da kimiyya na harshe, karkashin ma'ana fiye gane kalmomin da cewa su ne mafi yawa wanda kuma wannan wani bangare na jawabin, da irin dabi'u, amma ya bambanta a haruffan da kuma sauti. Naprmer, kirki - Adam, jin daɗi, tawali'u. Castle - a gidan sarauta, a sansanin soja.

Mene ne wani dangantawa zuwa ga kalma "taimako" a gabar "wani m naúrar, nuna don kare wani ko wani abu"? Dama daga gare su: tsaro, matsara, watch, hidima. Kamancin na kalmar da za a bincikar a zaurance - "kuka, kuka na neman taimako" - suna da irin wannan Alamu matsayin "mai kira, taimaka, ajiye, SOS". Sami irin wannan bayani ya taimaka da wani tunani littafin - "Dictionary of Rasha ma'ana", ta N. Abramov, dauke da fiye da dubu ɗari uku kalmomi da phrases.

barga magana

Analysis Alamu "gadi" (ma'anar gani a sama) za a yi la'akari da bai cika ba, idan ba zana da ido da ilimin harsuna sabon abu kamar phraseology. Lalle ne, akwai da yawa sa phrases, wanda shi ne yanzu a cikin abun da ke ciki a karkashin shawara lexical naúrar. Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da kuma yawan amfani da maganganu an dauke su "akalla matsara yi kururuwa," "ci gaba matsara" da kuma "mai gadi jirgin." Suna halin phraseologism duk asali fasali, wato, kwanciyar hankali, mutunci da wani hade da biyu ko fiye da aka gyara, kazalika da wanzuwar guda darajar, ba a hade da darajar kowane mai shigowa kalma a cikin shi.

A misalai sama phrases ne mutunci, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma da na kowa dabi'u, "ko matsara ihu" - wani nauyi, m halin da ake ciki, "ci gaba matsara" - don kare wani abu, zauna a kan kowane lokaci, "mai gadi hukumar" - wani rabu amfani wurare dabam dabam dangantawa da conscription tsaro doke shi da wani mallet.

m magana

Magana matsara, ba a ma maganar wani m magana - "The matsara ne gaji!". Its marubucin aka dangana ga ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Zheleznyaki, wanda rayayye halarci waste daga majalisar da aka kafa a watan Janairu na shekarar 1918. Kamar yadda tarihi data a farkon safe ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya shiga cikin wani fili, haske zauren na fada, inda taron ya faru, ya wuce da yawa jerin, gabagaɗi, ya ɗauki podium kuma da tabbaci tambayi mai magana da dukan waɗanda ba su dakatar da ganawar, jayayya da cewa wai matsara ne gaji. Wannan sanarwa ƙi, sauti da kuma violently ji haushi. Amma Zhelezniak ci gaba da matsa lamba, jayayya da cewa ma'aikata ba su bukatar wani chatter, kuma ya nanata tarihi magana: "The matsara ne gaji!". Tun daga nan shi ne da tabbaci kunshe ne a cikin littafin yin hira kamar wata jumla-wata alama ce da makamai tawaye.

Official terminology

Kuma yanzu yana da lokaci zuwa juya zuwa kundayen, wato - ga duniya shahara Encyclopaedia Brockhaus da kuma Efron, "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" da "Soja Encyclopedia". A cikin tambaya na abin da kariya, matsara, suka riga bayyanãwa jigon da lokaci.

A cikin kwanaki na tsarist Rasha a cikin soja masu gadi sun efreytorskie, wadanda ba izini shugabanni da sanda. Yau a Rasha sojojin, akwai sauran raka'a. Da farko, shi ne wani ciki ko jirgin ya tsare shi, wanda ke hulda da kariya daga abubuwa a cikin sansanin sojojin ko jirgin.

Akwai kuma wani sansanin matsara. Wannan wucin gadi ilimin tsara domin kāriyar sojojin wurare. Bugu da kari, akwai a kan-site, wucin gadi da kuma daraja tsare. A farko da na biyu da ake shirya domin kariya daga soja kaya ko kaso a lokacin kai, watau waje da ƙasa na soja naúrar. Kuma a karshe, na karshe daya - shi ne mai kamfanin kafa domin kariya daga wuraren tarihi, Jihar darajar da abubuwa saduwa da girmama baƙi daga kasashen waje domin iznin-karɓarsu ga soja karrama.