Mene ne surface na Mercury? Mercury Features

A surface na Mercury, a takaice magana, yayi kama da watã. Sararin tuddanta, kuma da kuri'a na craters da shawara cewa, da ma'aunan kasa aiki a duniya ta daina biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce.

surface irin zane

A surface na Mercury (photo nuna daga baya a cikin labarin), yin fim bincike "Mariner-10" da "Manzon", ya kama a bayyanar da Moon. Planet sun fi mayar da cike da gidajen gona da craters na daban-daban masu girma dabam. Da ta fi ƙanƙanta da bayyane zuwa ga mafi cikakken hotuna na "Mariner" da aka auna 'yan ɗari mita a diamita. A sarari tsakanin manyan craters gwada lebur kuma shi ne a fili. Yana da kama da Lunar surface, amma daukan up fiye da sarari. Irin wannan yankin kewaye mafi shahararren tasiri Mercury tsarin kafa a sakamakon wani karo, - Bayyana Heat pool (Caloris Planitia). A wani taro da "Mariner-10" An rufe kawai rabin shi, kuma shi ne gaba daya bude "manzanni" a lokacin da na farko flyby na duniya a watan Janairu 2008.

craters

Mafi na kowa Tsarin ne craters na duniya ta ƙasa. Sun fi mayar rufe surface na Mercury. Planet (photos nuna a kasa) da farko duba kama da watã, amma a kusa binciken da suka saukar da ban sha'awa da bambance-bambance.

Nauyi a kan Mercury fiye da sau biyu, da watã, jera saboda da high yawa daga cikin babbar tsakiya kunsha na baƙin ƙarfe, da sulfur. A manyan karfi na nauyi o ƙarin tabbatar da ci gaba a cikin al'amarin fita daga bakin dutse, kusa da tasiri shafin. Idan aka kwatanta da watã, shi ne kika aika a nesa na kawai 65% na watã. Wannan na iya zama daya daga cikin abubuwan da gudummawar da duniya na biyu craters kafa ta da tasiri na fitad da kaya, sabanin farko tasowa kai tsaye a kan karo da wani asteroid ko tauraro mai wutsiya. Higher nauyi yana nufin cewa hadaddun siffofi da kuma Tsarin da suke da hali na manyan craters - tsakiyar kololuwa, m gangara kuma m tushe - a kan Mercury lura a karamar craters (m diamita na game da 10 km) fiye da Moon (game da 19 km). karami masu girma dabam na wadannan Tsarin da sauki kofin-kamar siffar. Mercury craters bambanta daga Mars, ko da yake wadannan biyu taurari ne na m nauyi. Fresh craters na farko yawanci zurfi fiye da jinsin ilimi a karo na biyu. Wannan na iya zama saboda da low abun ciki na volatiles a cikin bawo na Mercury ko sama da drum gudu (tun gudun wani abu ƙaruwa a kan hasken rana madawwama biyu a tsarin kula da Sun).

Craters fi girma fiye da 100 kilomita a diamita fara kusanci m siffar hali na wadannan manyan tsarin. Wadannan Tsarin - polycyclic waha - da girma na 300 km ko fiye da sakamakon da ya fi iko collisions. Da dama dama su aka samu a hoton sassa na duniya. Image "Manzon" da kuma Laser altimetry sun yi babban taimako ga fahimtar wadannan saura scars daga farkon asteroid bombardment na Mercury.

Caloris Basin

Wannan bugu tsarin kara for 1550 km. Lokacin da shi detects da farko "Mariner-10" an yi tunanin cewa ta size ne da yawa karami. A ciki sarari daga cikin abu ne mai santsi tattarã folded da kuma karya concentric da'irori. The most dutse jeri budewa ga dama da ɗari kilomita a tsawon, kamar 3 km fadi da kuma 300 mita high. Fiye da 200 karya m size gefuna fitowa daga cibiyar filayen. yawa daga gare su depressions iyaka furrows (grabens). Ina grabens rarraba da ridges, sun ayan ratsa su, wanda ya nuna cewa su daga baya samuwar.

The iri surface

Caloris Basin da aka kewaye da iri biyu ƙasa - ta gefen kuma da taimako kafa ta fitad da dutse. A gefe zobe ne sababbu dutsen tubalan kai 3 km tsawo, wanda su ne mafi girma da duwãtsu a duniya gano tare gwada da m gangara a da alƙibla da cibiyar. Na biyu zobe ne spaced yawa karami 100-150 km daga farko. Domin waje gangara ne a sashi na mikakke radial ridges da kwaruruka partially cika kwaruruka, wasu daga wanda aka studded da yawa duwãtsu, kuma bumps a dama da ɗari mita. Asalin abokai da cewa yin sama da fadi da zobe kusa da Caloris tasa, sabanin. Wasu filayen a kan Moon aka kafa da farko ta hulda da watsi da wani data kasance taimako daga samanta, kuma shi zai ma gaskiya ga Mercury. Amma da "Manzon" sakamakon bayar da shawarar cewa muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar taka leda volcanic aiki. Ba wai kawai shi ne akwai kadan craters, idan aka kwatanta da wani pool zafi, wannan ya nuna cewa da doguwar lokaci na filayen, amma suna da wasu siffofin, mafi fili dangantawa da volcanism fiye da za a iya gani a images dauka ta "Mariner-10". Hukunci hujja volcanic aka samu ta yin amfani da images "Manzon" nuna volcanoes, yawa daga waɗanda aka located tare da m baki na bayyana zafi.

bakin dutse Raditladi

Caloris ne daya daga ƙarami babbar polycyclic tuddanta, a kalla a cikin diddigin ɓangare na Mercury. Yana yiwuwa kafa a lokaci guda, da kuma lokacin da na karshe giant tsarin a kan wata - game da 3.9 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce. Image "Manzon" saukar da wani, da yawa karami tasiri bakin dutse tare da wani bayyane ciki zobe, wanda zai iya kafa da yawa daga baya suna Raditladi pool.

m antipode

A wani gefen na duniya daidai da 180 ° m Bayyana Heat located rabo m karkatacciyar yankunan. Masana kimiyya fassara wannan al'amari, ya ce game da su lokaci daya kafa ta mayar da hankali na girgizar kasa tãguwar ruwa daga events cewa sun shafi antipodal surface na Mercury. M ƙasa kuma crisscrossed Lines ne a sararin yanki elevations wakiltar polygons m 5-10 km a fadin kuma har zuwa 1.5 km tsawo. Pre-data kasance craters aka juya zuwa cikin tuddai da kuma fasa girgizar kasa matakai da haifar a cikin sauƙi da form. Wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance ko da kasa, amma sai ya canja da siffar, ya nuna cewa daga baya cika su.

filayen

Bayyana - a gwada lebur ko m undulating surface na Mercury, Venus, Duniya da kuma Mars, wanda aka same ko'ina a wadannan taurari. Yana wakiltar wani "zane", wanda wuri mai faɗi da ci gaba. Filayen ne wani nuni ne na aiwatar da lalata m ƙasa da kuma haifar da wani flattened sarari.

Akwai a kalla uku hanyoyin da za a "nika", godiya ga wanda, mai yiwuwa, matakin da surface na Mercury.

Daya daga cikin hanyoyi - zazzabi - rage ƙarfin da ɓawon burodi da kuma da ikon riƙe high taimako. A kan miliyoyin shekaru da dutse "nutse", kasa na craters na Mercury yakan kuma surface baje.

Na biyu Hanyar hada da motsi kankara zuwa ga ƙananan ƙasa karkashin mataki na nauyi. Tare da dutse da aka tara a kan lokaci da kuma cika a depressions mafi girma matakan da kara da ƙarfi. haka hali lawa gudana daga ciwon hanji na duniya.

A na uku Hanyar ne a tuntube dutse, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa a farfajiya na Mercury sama, wadda daga ƙarshe ta kaiwa zuwa wani m jeri na taimako. Wani misali na wannan inji watsi kankara iya bauta a cikin samuwar craters da volcanic ash.

volcanic Activity

Wasu shaida leans wajen jarrabawa daga tasirin volcanic aiki a cikin samuwar yawa daga cikin filayen kewaye da Caloris tasa, shi an riga an ba. Sauran gwada da matasa filayen a kan Mercury, musamman m a cikin yankuna hasken a wata low kwana a lokacin farko flyby na "Manzon", ya nuna halayyar fasali na volcanism. Alal misali da yawa haihuwa craters da aka cika fal lawa gudana, kamar guda tsarin a kan Moon da kuma Mars. Duk da haka, tartsatsi filayen a kan Mercury ne mafi wuya a tantance. Saboda su ne dadadde, shi ne bayyananne cewa wasu volcanoes da volcanic tsarin iya zama batun yashewa ko rushewar wata hanya, yin su wuya ka bayyana. Fahimtar wadannan haihuwa filayen yana da muhimmanci, kamar yadda suna iya zama da hannu a cikin bacewar da mafi yawan craters tare da diamita na 10-30 km, idan aka kwatanta da Moon.

scarp

A mafi muhimmanci siffofin Mercury ta topography, wanda ba wani tunani na ciki tsarin da duniya ne daruruwan jagged zana hotunan. A tsawon dutsen dabam daga dama zuwa fiye da kilomita dubu, da kuma tsawo - daga 100 m ga 3 km. Lokacin da kyan gani, daga sama, su gefuna bayyana taso ko scalloped. A fili yake cewa wannan shi ne - sakamakon fatattaka, a lokacin da wani ɓangare na ƙasa ya tashi da kuma fadi a kan kewaye yankin. A duniya, irin Tsarin ne iyaka a cikin size da faruwa a wani gida a kwance matsawa a cikin ɓawon burodi. Amma duk gano surface na Mercury da aka rufe escarpment, wanda ya nuna cewa ɓawon burodi na duniya a baya ya rage. Da lambar kuma lissafi na scarps, shi ya bi cewa duniya an rage a diamita ta 3 km.

Bugu da ƙari, shrinkage dole ne a ci gaba har sai mun gwada kwanan nan a Sashen tarihi na lokaci tun wasu scarps reshaped kiyaye (kuma inganta dangi zuwa ƙaramin) tasiri craters. Slowing asali high-gudun juyawa na duniya tidal sojojin na matsawa samar a cikin Equatorial latitudes Mercury. Duniya rarraba scarps, duk da haka, bayar da shawarar wani bayani daga baya sanyaya alkyabbarsa, yiwu a hade tare da zarar gaba daya ƙarfafa rabo daga zubi core, sa a matsawa da zuciyar da kuma wani sanyi ɓawon burodi nakasawa. Rage girman da Mercury a lokacin sanyaya alkyabbarsa zai kai ga mafi tsaye Tsarin fiye da za a iya gani, wannan ya nuna cewa da incompleteness na matsawa tsari.

Mercury ta surface ne: abin da ke?

Masana kimiyya sun yi kokarin gano abun da ke ciki na duniya, binciko hasken rana nuna daga ta sashe daban-daban. Daya bambanci tsakanin Mercury da kuma Moon, kuma cewa da farko bit duhu, shi ne cewa cikin kewayon surface Haske shi karami. Alal misali, teku Sputnik - m sarari, bayyane zuwa ga tsirara ido a matsayin manyan duhu tabo - yawa duhu fiye flecked cratered tsaunuka da kuma filayen Mercury ne kawai dan kadan duhu. A launi bambance-bambance ne kasa pronounced a duniya, kuma kõ da hotuna "Manzon", sanya ta amfani da wani sa na launi tace, ya nuna wani sosai kananan m yankunan dangantawa da volcanoes. Wadannan siffofin da mun gwada featureless bayyane da kuma a kusa da infrared bakan da nuna hasken rana, bayar da shawarar cewa Mercury surface kunshi wajen matalauta a cikin baƙin ƙarfe da kuma titanium silicate ma'adanai duhu launi idan aka kwatanta da Lunar maria. A musamman, da duniyar kankara na iya zama wani low abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe oxides (FeO), da kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa zato cewa shi aka kafa a cikin wani yafi rage yanayi (watau. E. Rashin oxygen) fiye da sauran 'yan duniya.

Matsaloli m bincike

Yana da wuya a tantance abun da ke ciki na duniya da m gabansa na bakan da hasken rana da kuma zafin rana radiation, wanda ya nuna da surface na Mercury. Planet karfi mai tsanani, wanda ya musanya masa a Tantancewar kaddarorin da ma'adinai barbashi da kuma dagula kai tsaye fassarar. Duk da haka, da "Manzon" An sanye take da dama kida, ba ya nan a kan jirgin "Mariner-10", auna da sinadaran da kuma ma'adinai abun da ke ciki kai tsaye. Wadannan na'urori dauki wani dogon lokaci na kallo, yayin da jirgin ya zauna kusa da Mercury, don haka da takamaiman sakamako bayan na farko da uku short Al'arshinSa ya kasance ba. Kawai a lokacin orbital manufa "Manzon" ya isa sabon bayani game da abun da ke ciki na duniya ta surface.